Behaviorism in cilmi nafsiga: habdhaqankaaga odhan kara adiga kugu saabsan

Inta muddada jiritaanka of cilmi nafsiga sida sayniska, ay ku xiran ahaayeen geedi socodka iyo habab kala duwan. Marka tan la eego, waxaan muujiyo ugu weyn ee goobaha cilmi nafsiga: behaviorism, psychoanalysis iyo jihada dadka bini'aadamnimada. The hab ugu xiisaha ay u muuqataa in behaviorism, ku lug leh dabeecad dibadda arki karo sida mawduuca cilmi nafsiga. Behaviorism - waa jihada in cilmi nafsiga, ha ka fikirina geedi socodka gudaha oo aan la heli karaa si dhawrid ah ka baxsan. Sidaas darteed, cilmi nafsiga ayaa noqonaya mid sii dhow cilmiga dabiiciga ah, taas oo shayga waxbarasho waa la heli karaa oo keliya ma aha in ay u siday. Nuxurka of maanka aadanaha, dhammaan sababaha falimihiisii kale qaar ka mid ah cilmi-insaanka lean karaa ifafaale arkay. Behaviourism in cilmi nafsiga diiday miisaanka of kasta oo geedi socodka gudaha oo aan dhawrid ku xiran, tusaale ahaan, miyir, dareenka, dareenka, iwm

Taariikhda hab dabeecadeed in cilmi nafsiga

Inkasta oo aan si sax ah ma la odhan karaa sanadka ah ee dhacdo of behaviorism sida jihada (tani ma aha dhacdo hal mar ah), si rasmi ah cilmi nafsiga sida sayniska ee dhaqanka asalkiisu ka soo jeedo ee 1913. Aabaha aasaasay of badnaanta habdhaqanka loo arkaa Dzhon Uotson, kuwaas oo diiday muhiimadda ay miyir in cilmi nafsiga. Kaliya dibadda dabeecad arki naadiyey weyn daraasadda laabaha aadanaha. qaab Watson kulan oo ka mid ah fikradaha behaviorist American Psychological Association Ka hor, sida ay iyagu yidhaahdaan, waxay ahayd hawada. Cilmi fudud iyaga siiyey sumcad iyo soo bandhigay uu cilmi baaris ku saabsan arrinta. Behaviorism in cilmi nafsiga ka muuqataa xaalada guud kacaan bulshada waqtiga. Fikradaha guud ee maanka aadanaha waa la qabsiga iyo reflex iska leh Rene Descartes, kuwaas oo qarnigii 17aad, diyaariyey cilmiga reflex. In Russia, ay wakiillo ka behaviorism ka mid ah Pavlov (oo uu waxbarasho ee shuruud iyo hummaag aan shuruud lahayn in xoolaha) iyo B. spondylitis (Reflexology).

Nuxurka of hab

Shuruudaha ugu muhiimsan ee habkan waa "heshaa" iyo "wax ka qabashada". Dhab ahaantii, iyadoo la kaashanayo iyaga ka mid ah oo qeexaya dhammaan dhaqanka aadanaha. dhaqanka circuit Qadiimiga ah: heshaa waxay sababtaa ficil celinta. Haddii aan ogaado oo ku meersan keeni qaar ka mid dareen-celin ama qof kale, waxaan karaan, si qallafsan hadlayay, si ay u maareeyaan iyo toosin dabeecadda qofka jihada saxda ah. Waxaa jira fikrado kale oo muhiim ah, kuwaas oo ka hawlgala behaviorism. In nafsiga habdhaqanka sidoo kale loo isticmaalaa "dhiirigelin" iyo "rigoore", by kaas oo hanuuniyey iyo dhaqanka. Iyo dhiirigelinta iyo ciqaabta noqon kartaa togan iyo kuwa taban. Haddii aan jeclaan lahaa si loo sugo dhaqanka la doonayo, waxay isticmaalaan dhiirigelin togan ama taban. Haddii aad rabto in aad baabbi'in silsilad ah "heshaa-jawaabta", isticmaali rigoore.

gunaanad

Si aad u taariikhda, behaviorism in cilmi nafsiga door muhiim ah, tusaale ahaan, in dhismaha hanaanka waxbarasho ama fulinta noocyada kala duwan ee teraabiyada cilminafsiga waqti-gaaban. Dabcan, waxaa jira xadeynta ee hab this, qaar ka mid ah dhibaatooyinka anshaxa. Irreducibility soo gunaanadeen aadanaha oo adag in mid ka mid ah habka ama hab kasta oo ka dhigaysa saynisyahano sii kordheysa u jeestay isku dhafan ee hababka iyo habab kala duwan.