Astaamaha Maraykanka: liiska. Mashaariicda badmaaxiinta nukliyeerka

Ciidamada badda ee dal kasta - waa hab awood leh oo xasilin geopolitical. Maraakiibtan gujis A, by ay joogaan saameeyaa xiriirka caalamiga ah iyo korodhka khilaafaadka. Haddii qarnigii XIX ah, Britain qeexay dhinaca soohdinta ah markab ay ciidamada, qarnigii XX hoggaamiyaha badaha aduunka ee uu noqonayaa ciidamada badda ee Maraykanka ee America. Iyo quusta American ayaa door.

muhiim muhiimadda

Maraakiibtan Villarreal helo for America sii muhiim ah. Taariikh ahaan, dalka waxaa xadiday xuduudaha oo biyo ah, waxa ay dhibaato in ay weeraraan cadowga ee qarsoonayd. Iyadoo dhalashada ee dunida ka mid ah maraakiibtooda quusta quuska casriga ah iyo gantaalaha "gujis - hawada", xuduudaha, kuwaas oo waxa ay noqonayaan sii kordheeysa, quus for America.

iska hor imaad daran ee xiriirka caalamiga ah la leedahay dalalka Muslim dhigaysa khatar ku ah nolosha dadka muwaadiniinta dhabta America. Iran Islaamiyiinta aan tagay isku daygeeda ay si ay u bartaan gantaalo "gujis - hawada", oo halis ku ah oo dhan xarumaha xeebta ah ee America. Oo haddii ay taasi ku, burburinta noqon doonaa weyn. Joogsada weerar horeba ka biyo wuxuu noqon karaa mid soo horjeeda isla kaliya.

Madaxweynaha haatan ee Mareykanka Donald Trump in uu wareysi ugu horeysay sheegay in dooni inuu sii kordho raxan u gujis Maraykanka. Laakiin ka yar hal xaalad - yaraynta ay kharashka. Tani waa wax mudan in fikirka shirkadaha in la dhiso quusta nuclear Maraykanka. tusaale waa horeba ay jiraan. Ka dib markii Donald Trump sheegay in racfaanka shirkadda Boeing ee sahayda ee dagaalka ka jaban, shirkadda Lockheed Martin ayaa la dhimay qiimaha dagaalka ee F -35.

xoog dagaal

Maanta, ee doonyaha gujis US yihiin tamar badan qaaradda. Taas macnaheedu waa in fulinta hawlgallada in awoodda dagaal la xadidaa, waxaana kaliya in xaddiga cuntada iyo biyaha on board. The quusta fasalka ugu badan "Los Angeles." Tani jiilka saddexaad doonyaha la barakaca ah ee ku saabsan 7 tons, si qoto dheer quusidda ilaa 300 mitir iyo kharash ah oo ku saabsan $ 1 million. Currently, si kastaba ha ahaatee, America iyaga badalay leh doomo qarniga afraad ee "Virginia" class, si fiican u qalabaysan oo ku kacaya $ 2.7 million. Iyo qiimaha this xaq ku waxqabadkooda live.

effectives

Maanta, ciidamada badda Mareykanka ayaa hoggaaminaya iyo tirada, oo ku saabsan qalabaynta hubka badda. Taliska ciidamada badda ee Maraykanka ka kooban yahay 14 quusta nuclear istaraatiijiga ah iyo 58 quusta weerarka.

US raxan gujis military ku qalabeysan yahay laba nooc oo quusta:

• Ocean doon ballistic. gujis Deep-badda, goolka ah oo bixinta hub u socoto iyo arrinta gantaalaha ballistic. In si kale loo dhigo, waxaa loo yaqaannaa istiraatiiji ah. hub Difaaca aan wakiil awood xoog leh.
• "Doomaha - ugaarsadaha." -Xawaaraha sare ee doonyaha, hadafka iyo ujeedooyinka kuwaas oo isu: gantaalaha maraakiibta iyo ciidamada nabad ilaalinta ee aaga colaadda, weerar hillaac iyo baabbi'in ciidamada cadowga. quusta noocan oo kale ah u yeedhay MFT. ay cayimayo - xawaaraha, dhaqaajinta iyo qarsoodi.

Start horumarka of navigation quuska in America bilaabmaa dhexe ee qarnigii la soo dhaafay. mugga article uusan soo jeedin sida soo diyaariyeen ah ee macluumaadka. Waxaan diiradda on arsenal ee nuclear, taasoo loo sameeyay ka dib dagaalkii labaad ee adduunka. muuqaalka guud ee Arsenal ka quuska nuclear ee Ciidamada Qalabka Sida ee America samayn doona, u hoggaansanaayeen taariikh ahaan mabda '.

The nuclear marka hore tijaabo ah

In deked markab Connecticut ee Groton in January 1954 waxaa la bilaabay gujis ugu horeeyay American "Nautilus» (USS Nautilus) la barakac ah oo ku saabsan 4 milyan oo tan oo dherer ah 100 oo mitir. Iyadu way u timid in dhoofkanu lahaan ugu horeysay ilaa sanadka u. Waa "Nautilus" in 1958. ugu horeysay lagu qabtay hoos biyaha ee North Pole in dhowayd inay dhammaadaan in musiibo - burburka ee periscope ee failure ka mid ah hababka navigation. Waxa ay ahayd tijaabo iyo doon toorbiidyo kaliya ee multi-ujeedada la rakibo SOONAARKA in qaansada, iyo torpedoes iyo dhabarka. gujis The "Barracuda" (1949-1950) ayaa muujinaya meel ka mid ah ugu guulaha badan.

Nuclear US quusta dhalashada waajib injineer badda, Rear Admiral Hyman George Rickover (1900-1986).

Ka dib markii mashruuc tijaabo la Seawolf USS (SSN-575), waxa kale oo la sii daayay in nuqul ka mid ah hal 1957. Waxay lahaa nuclear-ka la bir dareere ah sida coolant in nuclear ugu horeysay loop.

The nuclear-soo-saarka ugu horeysay

taxane ah oo afar quusta dhisay 1956-1957, - "sagarooyinka» (USS sagarooyinka). Waxay ka mid ahaayeen ciidamada qalabka sida ee Maraykanka oo la qoray off ee dabayaaqadii 80-mada ay qarnigii la soo dhaafay.

taxane ah oo lix doonyood - «Skipjack» (1959). Ilaa 1964, tani waa taxane ugu weyn. Doonyaha lahaa "albakorovskuyu" qaabka jidhka iyo heerka ugu sareeya ee ilaa taxanaha "Los Angeles".

Isla mar ahaantaana (1959-1961) bilaabay taxane ah oo quusta nuclear gaar ah in tirada shan - ". Dzhordzh Vashington" Kani waa mashruuc doon ballistic ugu horeysay. doon kasta ahayd 16 Fididda for gantaalo Polaris A-1. sax rasaas kor u hygroscopic xasilinta, shan jeer yaraynaysaa Ilodanimada inayan at qoto dheer ah 50 mitir.

Taasi waxaa xigay mashaariicda ee quusta nuclear on tusaale ahaan hal taxane ah oo tijaabo ah ee Triton, Halibut, Tullibe. samaynta American ayaa tijaabiyay oo kaamil ah habka nidaamka navigation iyo xoog.

taxane badan oo doomo badan loo, bedelida Skipjack, waxay ka kooban tahay 14 quusta nuclear Treaher.Poslednyaya waxaa culsu 1996.

Taxanaha Benjamin Franklin - quusta SSBNs "Lafayette". Marka ugu horeysa ay ku hubeysan gantaalada ballistic. In 70s soo hubeynayeen la gantaalo "Bosidon" ka dibna "garab-1." Laba iyo toban doonyood Taxanaha Benjamin Franklin biiray raxan ka mid ah maraakiibtooda quusta istaraatiijiga ah ee 1960, loo yaqaan "41 on waardiyayaashu xorriyadda." Doonniyaheedii oo dhan iyo raxan ah ayaa la magacaabay ka dib markii tirooyinka taariikhda American.

taxanaha ugu weyn - USS Sturgeon - quusta nuclear badan loo ka mid ah 37 quusta, abuuray ee muddada 1871 si ay u 1987. Muuqaalka kala - heerka qaylada hoose iyo dareemayaal for shiraac baraf.

Doonyood oo u adeegaya in ciidamada badda ee Maraykanka

Laga soo bilaabo 1976 in 1996, qalabaynta ciidamada badda ka dhigay quusta badan loo nooca Los Angeles. Total soo saaray 62 doonyood oo taxanahan, tani waa taxane ugu weyn ee quusta multi-ujeedada. torpedoes hub ciidan iyo rido gantaalaha toosan "Tomahawk" nidaamyo qariyay ah. Sagaal doomo Los Angeles-fasalka ka qayb qaatay dagaalkii Khaliijka. Tigoodu GE PWR S6G 26 MW horumariyo by "General Electric". Waa la taxanahan bilaabmaa caado inuu magacaabo magacyada reer doomo magaalooyinkii reer America. Maanta, oo qayb ka ah ciidamada badda ee Maraykanka 40 doonyood ee fasalka this waa adeeg dagaalka.

taxane ah maraakiibtooda quusta istiraatiiji nuclear, ka soo 1881 si ay u 1997, waxay ka kooban tahay 18 quusta leh gantaalaha ballistic on board - taxane ah "Ohio". gujis waxaa ku hubeysan taxanahan ka mid ah 24 gantaalaha ballistic Intercontinental hanuun shaqsi. Waayo, ilaalinta, waxay ku hubaysan afar tuubooyinka toorbiidyo. "Ohio" - gujiska, taas oo sal u ah ciidamada of Navy Maraykanka, 60% ka mid ah markii uu joogay badda.

Mashruuca ugu dambeeyay ee quusta nuclear qarnigii saddexaad ee multi-Ujeeddada "Seawolf" (1998-1999). Kani waa mashruuc qarsoon Navy Maraykanka. Waxa uu odhan jiray "ah hagaagtay Los Angeles" for a gaar ahaan aamuseen. Waxa uu u muuqday oo la waayay naadi lama dareemo. Sababta - codka qalabada daahan gaar ah, failure of fur ay guushu nooca jet engine iyo sal-balaadhan oo ah dareemayaal buuq. xawaaraha Formation of 20 kuus kuus, taas oo buuq badan la mid ah sida "Los Angeles", taas oo u taagan on deked markab ah. All doonyaha ee taxanahan ka mid ah saddex "Seawolf", "CT" iyo "Dzhimmi Karter". Arintaan waxaa loo wakiishay 2005, iyo in doonnida this gacanta ku terminator ee xilli ciyaareedkii labaad ee taxanaha TV-"Terminator:. The Sarah Connor Chronicles" Tani waxay mar kale Xaqiijiyay nooca fantastic oo ka mid ah doonyaha muuqaalka iyo content labadaba. "Dzhimmi Karter" sidoo kale loo yaqaan "maroodiga cad" dhex waayay ay size (cimri dheer la shaqayn doon 30 mitir). Oo sida dabeecadihiisa , gujis this la oran karo mar hore quusta.

Quuska doomo ugu dambeeyay Qarni

mustaqbalka Navy ee Maraykanka ee Dhismaha maraakiibta quuska bilaabay 2000 sano oo la xiriira a quusta fasalka cusub class USS Virginia. doon hore ee fasalka this SSN-744 bilaabay oo wuxuu geliyey hawlgalka 2003.

Quusta ah ee US Navy nooca tani waxaa la yiraahdaa maqsinka hubka ee Arsenal awood qalabka, iyo "observer fiican", sababtoo ah nidaamka dareenka ugu adag oo xasaasi ah abid lagu rakibay on quusta.

Wadista biyo xad-gacmeed ku bixisaa engine ah qaaradda la nuclear-ka nuclear, taasoo lagu hayaa qorshe qarsoon. Waxaa la og yahay in nuclear-ka waxaa loogu talagalay ee Meyeydaan ee 30 sano. Heerka qayladii waa la dhimay dhex qolalka nidaamka go'doonsan iyo design casriga ah ee block awood leh "aamusinta" daahan.

sifooyin waxqabadka guud ee USS Virginia doomo fasalka, kaas oo maanta u wakiishay iyo toban:

• Heerka ilaa 34 kuus kuus (64 km / h);
• qoto dheer seylaha ilaa 448 mitir,
• 100 ilaa 120 shaqaale ah,
• Dusha barakac - 7.8 tons,
• dherer ah 200 mitir iyo width ah oo ku saabsan 10 mitir,
• Nuclear nooca warshad GE S9G.

Guud ahaan, taxanaha ah waxay bixisaa sii daayo 28 gujis "Virginia" la badalo si tartiib ah Arsenal ee Navy ee qarniga afraad ah doomo.

Doon Mishel Obamy

Bishii August ee sanadkii la soo dhaafay ee deked markab ciidamada Groton (CT) ayaa u wakiishay gujis 13-fasalka USS Virginia tirada qolof SSN -786 iyo magaca "Illinois» (Illinois). Waxa uu u magacaabay in sharaf of state hooyo gabadha ka dibna marka hore Mishel Obamy, kuwaas oo ka qayb qaatay furitanka tii bishii October 2015. The xarfaha ee marwada koowaad, xeerkii, waxaa ku tuntay on mid ka mid ah qeybo ka mid ah gujis ah.

gujis Nuclear "Illinois" 115 mitir dheer iyo 130-shaqaale ah on board qalabaysan gaadiidka quuska saarnayn waayo miinada, albaab loogu talagalay kala duwan iyo qalab kale oo dheeraad ah. Ujeedada gujiska howlgalo xeebaha iyo qoto-badda.

Halkii nidaamka telescopic periscope doon dhaqanka hawl la camera TV a, a shidma laser dhawrid infrared.

doonyood oo awood: 2 rakibo nooca wareegi 6 iyo 12 gantaalaha toosan bilaabay safar "Tomahawk" iyo 4 tuubooyinka toorbiidyo iyo 26 torpedoes.

Qiimaha guud ee sub ah - $ 2.7 billion.

rajada dhismaha quuska military

The oo safafka sare ee ciidamada badda Mareykanka ayaa ku adkeystay on bedelka tartiib ah doomo gujis naaftada-shidaalka, waxay leeyihiin shiidaa xayiraad on dhaqanka ee howlgallada military - la propulsion nuclear. jiilka afaraad gujis nuclear "Virginia" waxay bixisaa in la sii daayo 28 quusta of class this. bedelka The tartiib ah Arsenal oo ka mid ah ciidamada badda ee qarniga afraad ah doomo kordhin doonaa rating iyo awooddii dagaal ee ciidamada Maraykanka ee.

Laakiin xafiisyada design sii wadaan in ay ku shaqeeyaan oo ay bixiyaan mashaariicda ay ciidamada.

Caga quusta American

Ciidamada degtey qarsoodi gayiga cadowga - in uu yahay ujeedada dhammaan hawlgallada amphibious. Dagaalkii labaad ee adduunka ka dib markii, sida wax macquul ah farsamada ee America muuqday. Bureau of Dhismaha maraakiibta (Bureau of Ships) ayaa helay amar gujis ah amphibious. Mashaariicda ayaa u muuqday, laakiin ciidamada dhulka lahayn taageero dhaqaale, iyo raxan ah inuusan xiiseyneynin inuu fikradda ah.

From ka fiirsaneysa inay si dhab ah waxaa ka mid ah mashaariicda mashruuca shirkadda Seaforth Group ee, kuwaas oo u muuqday sanadkii 1988. Danbeeyay iyaga caga gujis S-60 oo ku lug leh soo jeeda biyihii ku dhex fogaan ah 50 kiiloomitir u jirta xeebta, immersion si qoto dheer ah 5 mitir. Iyada oo xawaare of 5 kuus kuus magaabay wiil quuska gaadho inay aritani hawada ama dhulka 60 ka mid ah buundooyinka haraga fogaan ah 100 oo mitir oo xeebta ah. Iyadoo mashruuca ninna iibsaday.

Halaynta, waqti-baaro

gujis ugu da'da weyn dunida oo dhan, oo ilaa maantadan la joogo waa in adeeg - gujis ah "SS 791 Bala Hai Shih" ( «Sea Lion"), kabista ah ee Taiwan Navy. gujis American ee dagaalkii labaad ee dunida, ka dhisatay deked markab Portsmouth Naval deked markab ah, in 1945, balaariyay gujis ah ciidamada badda ee Maraykanka. Waxay leedahay ololaha dagaal ee August 1945 ee Badweynta Pacific. Ka dib markii dhowr ah casriyaynta, 1973, iyada waxaa loo wareejiyay Taiwan iyo Shiinaha ayaa noqday doon ugu horeysay ka hawlgala.

Bishii Janaayo 2017-saxaafadeed ku sheegay in 18 bilood ee dayactirka la qorsheeyey ee shipyards Dhismaha maraakiibta Corporation Taiwan International Dhismaha maraakiibta Corporation «libaax badda" ayaa qaban doona dayactir guud oo bedel qalabka sahanka. hawlahaas dheerayn doontaa nolosha adeeg gujis ee ilaa 2026.

Halyeeyga saarka gujis Maraykanka, mid ka mid ah nooc ka mid ah, ayaa qorshaynaysa in ay u dabaal dhalashadiisa eightieth ee formation dagaalka.

Xaqiiqooyinka aad u naxdin leh

statistics Open oo hufan oo ku saabsan khasaaraha iyo shilalka in raxan gujis ee Mareykanka ee ma ahan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, isku la odhan karaa oo ku saabsan Russia. xaqiiqooyinka loo sameeyey dadweynaha, loo soo bandhigi doono cutubkan.

In 1963 xilli labo maalin tijaabo ah ku dhamaaday iyadoo dhimashada gujiska American "Thresher". Sababta rasmiga ah ee shilka - socodka biyaha hoos godka hoose ee doonta ah. Cidhiidhi nuclear-gujis dhaqaaqaynin, oo iyana waxay u tageen inay si qoto dheer ah, qaadashada nolosha 112-shaqaale ah iyo 17 qof oo rayid ah. Burburka gujis ah at qoto dheer ah 2560 mitir. Tani waa shil farsamada gujis ugu horeeyay ee nuclear.

In 1968, oo ku taala Badweynta Atlantic ee la waayay oo aan raad a multi-Ujeedada gujis nuclear "Caqrabbiim» (USS Caqrabbiim). version rasmiga ah ee dhimashada - qaraxa ee rasaasta. Laakiin qarsoodiga weli maanta qarsoodiga ah, dhimashada markabka this. In 2015, halyeeyga Navy Maraykanka ayaa mar kale ugu baaqay xukuumadda in ay la abuuro guddi baadha dhacdada, caddayn tirada dhibbaneyaasha iyo ogaado xaaladooda.

In 1969, daabaca dagistii gujis ee USS Guitarro sita tirada 665. Waxaa ka dhacay derbigii deked markab iyo at qoto dheer ah 10 mitir. Xiriirin La'aan iyo dayacaad ku takhasusay alaabtii dhaqmaan keentay in daadad. Qaadaan iyo doonyaha soo celinta kici canshuur American ah oo ku saabsan 20 million oo doolar.

class Doon "Los Angeles", kaas oo ka qeyb qaatay filim ee "The Hunt for Red October", May 14, 1989 meel u dhow xeebta California, khali cable ah isku Xidhka xooggu iyo geynayey. quusto The doon qaadeen adkaynaya sida shootali oo a. Qaraabada ah xubin shaqaale ah dhaqdhaqaaq markab a maalintaas wixii dhintay, magdhow ka Navy ku helay lacag dhan $ 1.4 million.