Asia-Pacific, horumarinta suuqa, iskaashi

Pacific waa suuqa ugu weyn dunida oo dhan, oo ay ka iman kara waa ka fog tahay daalay. Waxaa intaa dheer, sida ay saadaasha ka mid ah khubarada horeyn mustaqbalka share ee gobolka this suuqa dunida ballaarin doonto oo keliya. Noo sheeg in faahfaahin dheeraad ah waxa ay tahay gobolka Asia-Pacific. Dhanka kale deggan rajada iyo saadaasha ee dhinaca horumarinta.

territory ee gobolka

First of dhan, aad u ogaato waxa uu yahay gobolka Asia-Pacific ah marka la eego dhul. Dhaqan ahaan, wadamada ku jira gobolka waxaa loo arkaa in ay gobolka, ku yaal xeebaha Badweynta Pacific, sidoo kale Mongolia iyo Laos.

The dhammaan gobolka Asia-Pacific loo qaybin karaa 4 degmo, kaas oo u dhigma qaybo ka mid ah dunida, halka ay Maraykanka ka tirsan in ay: North American ah, South American, Asian iyo Oceanic. Intaa waxaa dheer, gobolka Aasiya waxaa loo qaybiyaa laba-banaan sub: waxaa North Asia iyo koonfur bari Asia.

In gobolka North American ka mid ah dalalka soo socda: Canada, USA, Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa PICA, Panama.

By gobolka South American ee dawladda loola jeedaa: Colombia, Ecuador, Peru iyo Chile.

The subregion North Asian ka mid ah dalalka: Shiinaha (China), Mongolia, Japan, Korea, Republic of Korea, Republic of China (Taiwan), Russia. The Asia-Pacific gobolka, waa kooxdan mashquulin aagga ugu weyn, oo ay guud ahaan dadweynaha ugu sareeya.

In subdistrict ee Koonfur-Bari Asia ka mid ah dalalka soo socda: Cambodia, Indonesia, Filibiin, Malaysia, Laos, Brunei, Thailand. Aqoonyahano badan ayaa halkan waxaa ka mid ah Myanmar iyo Nepal. Intaa waxaa dheer, in xaaladaha qaarkood, Hindiya sidoo kale dalka xubin ee gobolka Asia-Pacific ah, laakiin ma garato in ay dhacdo ka mid noqoshada of India ee gobolka khubaro weli waa wax dhif ah, oo dalka oo awood u lahayn in Badweynta Pacific, waxan ma aannu ka fiirsan doonaa in sida mawduuca APR ee.

Gobolka Oceanic ka mid ah tiro ka mid ah dalalka Oceania, kuwaas oo intooda badan waa kuwo yar yar. Waxaa ka mid ah wadamada ugu waaweyn ee, labadaba marka la eego dhul iyo dhaqaale, arrintan waa in la qoondeeyey Australia, New Zealand iyo Papua - New Guinea. dalalka yaryar, Fiji, Sulaymaan Islands, Palau, Nauru, Federation of Micronesia, Vanuatu, Islands Marshall, Tuvalu, Kiribati, Cook Islands, Tonga, Samoa. Sidoo kale waxaa ka mid ahaa waa dhul badan oo ku tiirsan, sida Guam, Tokelau, Faransiis Polynesia, iyo kuwa kale.

History of gobolka

Si aad wax badan si hufan u fahmaan waxa gobolka Pacific ah, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in la dhexgalin ay taariikhda.

Aasaasidda ugu da'da weyn gobolka ee gobolka la oran karo waa Shiinaha. Waxa uu u qalmeen loo arkaa mid ka mid ah dharabtiyo ilbaxnimada dhulka. The qaababka gobolka kowaad waxaa mar dambe BC III Millennium. e. Taas ayaa ka dhigaysa gobolka qadiimiga ah ee Shiinaha (Asia Pacific), sida Masar iyo Mesobotamiya - ilbaxnimo ee ugu hore ee Bariga Dhexe.

Later, waxaa jiray wadamada koonfur bari Asia (ugu weyn iyaga ka mid ah - boqortooyadiisa ka Khmer Empire), ee Japan iyo Korea. Shiinaha noqday dhulka taas oo israac alternated Rayaale kala duwan, oo xarun dhaqan iyo dhaqaale ee gobolka. Xitaa ka dib markii formation of boqortooyadiisa weyn Eurasian ee Mongols ee qarnigii XIII ah, midoobeen dalalka qaaradda ka Russia si Badweynta Pacific (dhab ahaantii, qaybta galbeed ee ATR casriga ah), ay magaalada ugu weyn ee Genghis Khan sameeyey Khanbalik (hadda Beijing), oo wuxuu bartay dhaqanka Chinese iyo dhaqanka.

Russia ugu horeeyay ee xeebta Pacific ee qarnigii XVII u yimid. Tan iyo markaas danaha gobolka waxaa lagu kala saari Karin xidhiidh ula gobolka. Horeba Nerchinsk Treaty la saxiixay 1689 - document ugu horeeyay ee si rasmi ah u dhexeeya Russia iyo Shiinaha, kaas oo la tilmaamay by Gudbey of zones saamaynta ka mid ah dalalka gobolka. In ka badan qarniyo ka dib, Empire Ruush ballaariyeen ay ka howgala of saamayn ku Bariga Fog, kaas oo kuu ogolaanaya in aad soo wacdo Federation Ruush qayb ka mid casri ah shuruud ka mid ah gobolka Asia-Pacific.

Waxbarashada Dadweynaha on xeebta galbeed ee qaarada American, taas oo, Habka, waa qaybta bari ee gobolka Asia-Pacific, ayaa u muuqday badan ka dambeyn in Asia. waxbarashada Peruvian "boqortooyada" of Cusco, kaas oo qarnigii XV halkaas joogay caanka Imperiya Inkov, iska 1197 BC. boqortooyadiisa Aztec ee Mexico ka dhacay xitaa ka dib.

Laakiin qaybaha kala duwan ee gobolka baaxad weyn, oo hadda loo yaqaan APR ee muddada, oo aynu kor ku xusan, wax kala firdheen, iyo dadkii degganaa xeebta galbeed ee Badweynta Pacific waxba ku saabsan deggan xeebaha bari ma oga, iyo qeybsanaan. In unit hal ka mid ah gobolka Asia-Pacific si tartiib tartiib ah waxay bilaabeen in ay soo jeedin oo kaliya ka dib markii ay daahfurtay juquraafi qarniyo XV-XVII weyn. Taasi waa marka Columbus helay America, iyo Magellan safray daafaha dunida. Dabcan, isdhexgalka dhaqaalaha ku jira marxaladaha hore ahaa xawaaraha halkii gaabis ah, hase ahaatee mar hore qarnigii XVI ka, Filibiin ayaa lagu daray Viceroyalty Spain ee New Spain ay xarun ee Mexico.

In 1846, ka dib markii suuqa kala iibsiga ee United Kingdom Oregon, dalka Pacific waxa uu noqday mid ka mid ah dalalka ugu dhaqsiyaha badan sii kordhaysa ee wakhtigaas - United States. Ka dib markii badhkood of California, United States ballaaran dharka soo baxay si Badweynta Pacific iyo ugu dhakhsaha badan u noqday awood ugu horeeysa ee gobolka ee laba sano, inta badan saameeya dhaqaalaha iyo suuqyada. Waxa ay ahayd ka dib markii ballaarinta Maraykanka in xeebta galbeed ee qarnigii XIX ah, gobolka Pacific waxay bilaabeen inay bartaan qaababka midnimada dhaqaalaha.

Laakiin badan ama ka yar meel u dhow qaabka casriga ah ee siyaasada iyo dhaqaalaha ah ee Asia Pacific helay oo kaliya ka dib markii Risaalo ka gumeysiga ee qarnigii XIX ah, labadii dagaal aduunka iyo habka of furayo. Inta lagu jiro dagaalkii labaad ee dunida, ee Empire ee Japan, oo ku salaysan isbahaysi la Nazi Germany, isku dayay by ciidan milatari ah si loo hubiyo meel adag gobolka, laakiin waxaa adkaaday ciidamada huwanta.

casriga

Ka dib dagaalkii labaad ee dunida, sida inta kale ee dunida, wadamada Asia-Pacific waxaa dhab ahaan loo qaybiyay laba xeryaha siyaasadeed: hantiwadaagga model of horumarinta iyo hantigoosi ah. Xerada ugu horeysay, hoggaamiyayaasha waxay ahaayeen Midowga Soofiyeeti iyo Shiinaha (inkastoo ay sidoo kale isku dhacyada fikradeed u dhexeeya labada dal), ee labaad, Dadwaynaha Maraykanka. ahaayeen Canada, Australia, Japan iyo Mareykanka Intaa waxaa dheer, dalalka dhaqaale ahaan ugu horumarsan oo ka mid ah gobolka Asia-Pacific ee xerada raasammaaliyade. Muddo ka dib waxaa caddaatay in, inkastoo qaladaad badan, hantigoosi ah (reer galbeedka) model ah ee horumarinta dhaqaalaha ayaa laftiisa la aasaasay sida guul ah.

Xataa adkaaday ka dib World dagaalkii labaad ee, Japan ayaa doortay model ah reer galbeedka ah ee horumarinta, iyadoo la kaashanayo Maraykanka, in taako gaaban of time waxa uu noqday mid ka mid ah dhaqaale ahaan ugu horumaray dalalka, ma aha oo kaliya gobolka sidoo kale dunida ugu weyn. Tani waxay ifafaale ayaa loo yaqaan "ku mucjiso dhaqaalaha dalka Japan." In dabayaaqadii 80-mada ay dhaqaalaha dalka xitaa ku hanjabeen in ay ka soo baxaan on top ee dunida marka la eego GDP, laakiin tani ma aysan dhicin ay sabab u tahay xiisadda dhaqaale.

Intaa waxaa dheer, tan iyo markii 60-mada ay qarnigii XX, waxqabadka dhaqaalaha aad u xoog badan tusay "Afar Asian Tigers." Sidaas awgeed, waxaan soo wici dalalka soo socda: Jamhuuriyadda Korea (South Korea), Singapore, Taiwan iyo Hong Kong. Heerka horumarka waa xitaa ka badan heerka qaar ka mid ah dalalka reer galbeedka Yurub. heerarka koritaanka Good sidoo kale muujisay ee Filibiin iyo Thailand. Laakiin dalalka hantiwadaagga, gaar ahaan, Vietnam, Mongolia, Laos, Cambodia iyo dhaqaalaha North Korea ayaa koray mid aad u xun.

Ka dib burburkii Midowga Soofiyeeti ee 1991, xaalada siyaasadeed ee gobolka ayaa u xuub bedelay. Laga soo bilaabo dhaqaalaha saafi ah hantiwadaag diiday in uu xitaa dalalka sida Shiinaha, kuwaas oo, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waa uun la soo dhaafay loo ogol yahay in mustaqbalka si ay u noqdaan mid ka mid ah hoggaamiyeyaasha ee dhaqaalaha dunida. isbedelka noocan oo kale ah, si kastaba ha ahaatee, ma aha sidaas guulaystay, oo waxaa jiray qaar ka mid ah dalalka kale ee hantiwadaagga ku jira ee gobolka Asia-Pacific. Siyaasadda ayaa lagu riixayaa asalka ee Fiyetnaam. Waxaa, inkastoo boqortooyada sii fikradaha Markis, sida in Shiinaha, waxyaalaha aasaaska ah ee dhaqaalaha suuqa ayaa la soo bandhigay. Cambodia guud ahaan diiday in ay cilmiga hantiwadaagga.

Ka dib burburkii USSR ah, Russia ayaa laga badiyay ay booska keentay in gobolka, labadaba dhaqaale iyo siyaasadeed marka la eego, laakiin tan iyo bilowgii 2000, taas oo muujinaysa kobaca dhaqaale oo la taaban karo, oo inta badan ku guuldareystay inuu ku soo laabto ka lumay.

saameyn weyn ku yeelatay dhaqaalaha gobolka ay sababtay dhibaatooyinka Asian dhaqaale ee 1997-1998 sano. "Afar Asian Tigers" ayaa soo gaaray inta badan. Xiisadda u xuub hakiyey korriimadooda. jab Xoog badan ayaa sidoo kale u macaamilooday si dhaqaalaha dalka Japan. Waxaa dhibaatada this waxa uu noqday mid ka mid ah sababaha default ee Russia tan iyo 1998. Qaar badan oo ka mid ah dhibaatooyinka hadda ka mid ah gobolka Asia-Pacific waxay leeyihiin asal ahaan dhacdooyinka dhibaatada waa kuwan.

Dhaqaalaha Shiinaha ayaa sidoo kale soo gaaray, laakiin, marka la barbardhigo dalalka kor ku xusan, ma si ka badan in ugu dhakhsaha badan loo ogol yahay si ay u bilaabaan koritaanka dheeraad ah oo degdeg ah. In 2014, dhaqaalaha Shiinaha ayaa guurtay meel ugu horeysay ee adduunka, ka hor US GDP iyo wax iibsiga awood sinnaanta. Hogaamiyaha on tilmaame this Shiinaha weli waa in la joogo, inkasta oo ilaa iyo haatan weli liita Maraykanka u GDP magacaaban. Ka sokow, hadda waxyaabaha ka soo Shiinaha xukumaan suuqa Asia-Pacific ah, inta badan sababta oo ah kharashka yar.

The caalamka dhaqaale dhibaatada ee 2008 sanadka sidoo kale saameyn xun ku dhaqaalaha ee gobolka, laakiin ma aha sida dhaawici sida xiisadda Asian ee 1997. Sayidka, gobolka Asia-Pacific waa by fog ka mid ah gobollada dhaqaale ugu awoodda badan dunida oo dhan, xeebaha bari ee America iyo Western Europe.

madaxda dalka ee

Next ayaan ka hadli doonaa waxa ku saabsan nooca dalka ayaa hadda heysatay ee gobolka this, iyo waxa khayraadka waa inay u sameeyaan.

Xaqiiqada ah in gobolka Asia-Pacific waa hoggaamiye ee dhaqaalaha caalamiga ah, cadaynaysay xaqiiqada ah in kaliya seddex dal oo ka mid ah gobolka (Maraykanka, Shiinaha iyo Japan) qaaday booska koowaad ee dunida by GDP magacaaban. Madaxda GDP (PPP), China iyo Mareykanka. Kaalinta Sedaxaad aado India, kaas oo khubarada qaar ka mid ah ayaa sidoo kale waxay khusaysaa gobolka Asia-Pacific. Tobankii top for tilmaame waxaa ka mid ah wadamada sida Japan, Russia iyo Indonesia.

dalka ugu tiro badan dunida sidoo kale waa mid ka mid ah wadamada Asia-Pacific - Shiinaha. Si aad u taariikhda, tirada dadka ee dalka ayaa ka sii badnayeen sumadda 1.3 billion oo qof. Tobankii top sidoo kale waxaa ka mid ah wadamada sida gobolka, Maraykanka, Indonesia. Russia iyo Japan.

In gobolka Asia-Pacific ayaa afar meelaha ugu waaweyn ee dalka dunida, Russia, Canada, China iyo Mareykanka. Intaa waxaa dheer, ee ugu sarreeya toban dal oo ka mid ah Australia (meel 6-deedii).

gobolka Asia-Pacific oo qayb ka ah suuqa caalamiga ah

Haddii aan ka fiirsan gabi ahaanna ka mid ah dhaqaalaha ee waddammada oo dhan ee gobolka Asia-Pacific, waxaan dhihi karaa kalsooni in gobolka waa suuqa ugu weyn dunida, taas oo, marka aad ka fiirsan oo dhan tilmaamayaasha dhaqaalaha ee dalalka sida Mareykanka, Shiinaha iyo Russia, suuqa Yurub xilligan la joogo ma karo tartami. Ka hor Europe, gobolka Asia-Pacific horumar degdeg ah a ayaa la dhigay. Khubarada la saadaaliyo arakayo muhiim ah dhaqaalaha ah ka sii guud ee Midowga Yurub iyo dalalka kale ee Yurub ka soo dhaqaalaha Asia-Pacific ee mustaqbalka.

Hadda suuqa oo ka mid ah gobolka Asia-Pacific dalabka badan ee wax soo saarka, soo saaridda of taas oo farsamooyinka ugu dambeeya elektarooniga ah waxaa loo isticmaalaa.

Iskaashi iyo qalabixinta

iskaashiga Interstate gobolka Asia-Pacific kaalin si caddaalad ah oo muhiim ah isku xirka xiriirka ka dhexeeya dalalka ka. Integration dhexeeya dalalka kala duwan ee gobolka ka muujiyay in abuurista ururo dhaqaale iyo siyaasadeed ee kala duwan.

The ugu weyn ka mid ah kuwan waa: Ururka ASEAN siyaasadeed iyo dhaqaale (Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Filibiin, Malaysia, Indonesia, Brunei, Singapore, Myanmar), Ururka Shanghai Cooperation (Russia, China, India, Pakistan iyo dhowr Central Asian CIS), Asia iskaashiga -Pacific (APEC) (21 dal ee gobolka, oo ay ku jiraan Maraykanka, Shiinaha iyo Ruushka).

Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaa jira tiro ka mid ah ururada yar yar in, in la barbardhigo magaca kor ku xusan, ma daboolo dhammaan meelaha dhaqdhaqaaqa dhaqaale ee dalalka, oo ku takhasusay qaybaha gaarka ah. Tusaale ahaan, Baanka Horumarinta Aasiya ku takhasustay hawlaha waaxda maaliyadda.

Xarumaha dhaqaale ee ugu weyn

magaalada ugu wayn, xarunta siyaasadeed iyo dhaqaale ee gobolka waxaa ka mid ah Los Angeles, San Francisco (USA), Hong Kong, Shanghai, Beijing (China), Taipei (Taiwan), Tokyo (Japan), Seoul (South Korea), Jakarta (Indonesia ), Sydney, Melbourne (Australia), Singapore.

Mararka qaar, ka mid ah xarumaha iyo loo bixiyey magaaladii Moscow. Inkasta oo waxa uu ku yaalaa ka Badweynta Pacific, laakiin si kastaba ha ahaatee waa caasimadda iyo Magaalooyinka ugu waaweyn juquraafi awoodda Pacific ugu weyn - Russia.

Doorka Russia ee gobolka Asia-Pacific

Russia ee muhiimadda ay leedahay in ay iskaashi Asia-Pacific ay adag tahay in ay qiimayn dheeraad. Waa mid ka mid ah madaxda ururka SCO ah, kaas oo sidoo kale ka mid ah Shiinaha, taas oo ah mid ka mid ah mashaariicda is-dhexgalka ee ugu weyn gobolka. Sidoo kale, Federation Ruush - dalka ugu weyn ee size ka mid ah kuwa ku jira ee gobolka Asia-Pacific. Russia ayaa sidoo kale sharaf ku dhex tobankii ugu weyn ee dhaqaalaha dunida marka la eego GDP, taas oo sii nuuxnuuxsaday muhiimadda ay gobolka.

rajada ugu fiican ee dowladda Ruush soo rogay on ballaarinta iskaashiga gobollada kale ee hoggaamiyaha - Shiinaha.

saadaasha horumarka

horumarinta dheeraad ah oo ka mid ah gobolka Asia-Pacific waxay ku xiran tahay arrimo badan oo dhaqaale iyo siyaasadeed. Isla mar ahaantaana, durbadiiba waxaa suurto gal ah in hadda in gobolka waxa uu noqday mid ka mid ah hoggaamiyeyaasha ee dhaqaalaha caalamiga odhan. Iyo mustaqbalka waxa la filayaa in ay u guuraan xarumaha dhaqaalaha dunida ee Western Europe iyo Bariga Maraykanka Coast waa dhul ka mid ah gobolka Asia-Pacific.

By 2030, GDP guud ayaa la filayaa in ay kor u 70% ee gobolka.

Qiimaha gobolka

Asia-Pacific waa mid ka mid ah saddexda gobol dhaqaalaha ugu waaweyn ee dunida, oo ay la socdaan American Bariga iyo Galbeedka Yurub. Laakiin, ka duwan gobolladan, dhaqdhaqaaqa ganacsi waxaa si tartiib ah engegay, Asia-Pacific, in la barbardhigo, waa meel aad u rajo halkaas u dhaqaaqo habka dhaqaalaha ugu weyn.

Sida laga soo xigtay khubaro badan, waa gobolka Asia-Pacific waa xarunta, kaas oo mustaqbalka dhow si buuxda u xukumaan doona dhaqaalaha dunida.