Artists Wanderers iyo hal-abuurka. fanaaniinta Ruush qarnigii 19-sal lahayn

dhaxalkii ay reebeen by fannaaniinta sal lahayn, run ahaantii weyn iyo wajiyo badan. Kolkaasay bilaabeen inay ku muujinayaan in farshaxankiisa dadka caadiga ah, oo ay maraan jidkii nolosha, caadooyinka, dareenka iyo xaaladda dareen. On the canvases ah fanaaniinta Wanderers ayaa sidoo kale ka arki kartaa goobaha taariikhda Ruush, gudashada ciidamada Cameroon ruuxa ka mid ah dadka caadiga ah. Waxaa ka mid ah masterpieces muddada this ayaa sidoo kale laga helay Wehbe dadka caanka ah iyo dadkii ku abtirsan.

Taariikhda Ururka

Artists Wanderers ahaayeen waaqiciyiin horeysay Ruush. Waxay barbar-abuurka Buzadag waxbarasho adag, ka fog xaqiiqda maanta iyo dalabaadka nolosha casriga ah. Association of bandhigyo ayaa laga soo abaabulay ee St. Petersburg. taariikh xiiso leh bulshada this. In 1863, afar iyo toban ka mid ah qalin ugu fiican oo ka mid ah Academy of Arts ka hoggaanka go'aankii doorashada xorta ah ee theme of hannaanka tartanka dalbaday. Iyadoo la diiday, ardayda yar yar oo aan ka waaban in ay ka yimaadaan xarumaha waxbarashada baxay in uu abaabulo ururka free. In 1870, on hindisaha ah V. Perov ay, wada jir ah ula fanaaniinta Moscow ku abuuray Association of bandhigyo safraya. hadalkay hore waxaa hore u furay 1871. In uu shuqulladiisa, ku waaqiciyiin dhallinyarada damcay inuu sawir nolosha runta ah si joogto ah qaba iyo isku duba riday oo kuwa la dulmay, kuwaas oo ka yar yahay xoogga hodanka iyo dadka dhulka leh. Muujinayso in martigeliso fanaaniinta sal lahayn ahaayeen guul weyn, iyo qaybaha ugu kala duwan ee dadweynaha.

In ka badan uu nool yahay ee ururka lagu qabtay siddeed iyo afartan bandhigyo ee Moscow, St. Petersburg, Riga, Yaroslavl, Tula, Saratov, howsha garsooranimo, Kazan, Kursk, Voronezh, Poltava, Kharkov, Odessa, Kiev iyo magaalooyin kale. "Bandhiga Folk" ayaa sidoo kale bilaabay si ay u degaan ee magaalooyinka yar yar, iyo tuulooyinka, iyo tuulooyinkoodii. waxbarashada oo ka mid ah dadka caadiga ah - waa mid ka mid ah fikradaha soo eryadeen by fannaaniinta Wanderers. List of qaybgalayaasha bulshada ka mid ah sculptors iyo Ranjiilayaasha ugu fiican oo ka mid ah sagaal iyo qarniyo labaatanaad. iyaga ka mid ah nemaloizvestny GG Myasoedov, Petrov, I. Kramskoy, K. Sawicki, G. Savrasov, A. Kuindzhi, Shishkin, Repin, Vasnetsov, Levitan, S. Ivanov, . Arkhipov iyo shakhsiyaad kale oo qudbad.

hawlaha hal-abuurka

November 29, 1871 ee St. Petersburg furay bandhiga ugu horeysay u safraya. On-gaadhista ay soo bandhigay shuqullada lix iyo toban Ranjiilayaasha. toddoba iyo afartan, farshaxankiisa ayaa muujiyay in ay dhagaystayaasha. Later, ee Moscow, tirada farshaxankiisa muujiyey gaadhay 82. bandhig Isla markii dambe u dhaqaaqay Kiev iyo Kharkov. farshaxankiisa noocan oo kale ah oo ay fanaaniinta Ruush ah Wanderers ah, sida "Habeenka May" (I. Kramskoy), "Ugaarsatada at Naso", "sawirka of I. baayacmushtari S. Kamynina," "kalluumaysato", "sawirka of A. N. Ostrovskogo" (VG . Perov), "Rooks The Ma yimid" (A. Savrasov), "madhan" (I. Pryanishnikova) galay taariikhda farshaxankiisa Ruush. In shuqulladiisa waa waaqiciyiin iskuma aadan hallayn oo kaliya on-aragnimo ah ee rinjiyeynta Ruush, laakiin sidoo kale guulaha ay classical iyo kan casriga ah ee dunida farshaxanka. wakiilo badan oo ka mid ah shirkadda sannadihii kala duwan jiho oo ka mid ah Academy of Arts booqday dalal shisheeye, kuwaas oo qaatay aragnimada jaalkooda, bartay farshaxanka jireen waagii iyo Hababka kala duwan. indhaynta iyo dareenkaa iyaga hirgeliyo shuqullada. Hal-abuurka Peredvizhnik inta badan ka go'an dhaqdhaqaaqa tahay adduunka oo ka mid ah sagaal iyo qarniyo labaatanaad.

Alexei Savrasov

rinjiile muuqaalka. Waa mid ka mid ah aasaasayaasha ururka Wanderers ah. In 1844 artist dhallinyarada lid ku ah rabitaanka aabbihiis galo School ee Rinjiyeynta, kaas oo si guul ah ku soo gabagabeeyay in 1850. The Bbc horeysay Alekseya Kondratevicha - "View of Kremlin ee hawadu xumaato", "View of Moscow ka Sparrow Hills" - xaladii la fikradaha nasjonalromantiske. Savrasov firfircoon uga qayb qaataa bandhigyo, oo ka dhiga Dugsiga naqshad iyo Rinjiyeynta. In 1862 wuxuu dibadda, halkaas oo uu ka qaybgalay bandhig farshaxan London, Paris, Munich, Dresden, Berlin, Copenhagen iyo kuwa kale oo socdaala. Gaar ahaan soo jiidatay dadkii ugu artist Jarmalka iyo Ranjiilayaasha Ingiriisi sida uu u jecel yahay xoriyad iyo run. Muddadan, Alexei Kondratyevich qoray mid ka mid ah farshaxankiisa caanka - "Elk Island", taas oo uu markii dambe la siiyay abaalmarinta ee tartanka ee Moscow. Tan iyo 1870 isaga iyo xaaskiisa u safray Russia (Kostroma, Yaroslavl, Novgorod). Dareenkaa uu of quruxda dabiiciga ah hooyada in sawirada u gudbiya. Sidaas daraaddeed waxaa uu yahay "daataan Volga" iyo "Rooks The Ma Yimid". Taasi farshaxankiisa ka mid ah ayaa soo bandhigay bandhig ugu horeysay, oo ay qabanqaabiyeen fanaaniinta Wanderers Ruush. In shuqullada ku qoran 870 ee, waxaa jira sii kordhaya walaaca iyo murugo: "Marxaladaha badan dhiiqo ah", "madow", "Qabriga Volga ah", "Rye". Uu sanno ee ugu danbeysay artist ka qaatay in cidhiidhi oo qoto dheer.

Ivan Shishkin

Magacyada Peredvizhnik yaqaan meel ka durugsan soohdimaha hooyo ah. Tusaale ahaan A duwanyihiin of this - Shishkin. Iyada oo magiciisana waxaa la xidhiidha taariikhda muuqaalka qoyska, curiyay uu u noqday Classics qaranka iyo helay taageero aad u weyn. artist Future wuxuu ku dhashay magaalada yar ee baayacmushtariga qoyska Elabuga ee 1832. In 1848 wuxuu galay gymnasium Kazan ah, laakiin ma uusan dhammayn. Back guriga, muddo dheer waa in search of uu jidka mustaqbalka. In labaatan sannadood dhallinyarada Shishkin galo School ee Rinjiyeynta, halkaas oo uu madaxa Hawiyaha ee waxbarashada iyo shaqada. artist waa si joogto ah barbaro. Uu waxyiga dabiiciga ah, keymaha iyo muuqaalka miyiga, nolosha ridayeen. First, u soo degin inuu our time, shuqulka Shishkin - waa "Pine on dhagax weyn ah." rinjiyeynta saliidda ayaa la rinjiyeeyay 1855. In 1856, Ivan galeen Academy of Fine Arts (St. Petersburg). Shuqulladiisii hore waxaa la raacio hindiga. In 1858 wuxuu warqadihii ku qoray mid ka mid ah farshaxankiisa ugu caansan, "View jasiiradda of Valaam." Waayo, shaqo this, in 1860, kii ayaa loo bilada dahabka ee bandhiga dugsiyeedka. Ka dib markii qalin-jabinta (1860) Shishkin dibadda u soo diray. Waqtigaas wuxuu abuuraa nemaloizvestny masterpiece ah "View dhow Dusseldorf", soo bandhigay carwo ee Paris. Markaad gurigaaga ku laabato Ivan dhawaado I.Kramskoy ah - aasaasihii oo ka mid ah "Artel ah fanaaniinta." In ka sano ee soo socda uu ku qoray qaar ka mid ah Bbc ( "In agagaarka Moscow", "The Wood-faaskii", "Ship Grove", "Forest Stream"). shuqulladiisii uu had iyo jeer Yeela bandhigyo ku haboon fanaaniinta Wanderers Ruush. Ilaa maantadan la joogo, ku masterpieces weyn ee muuqaalkii aad ayaa loo jecel.

Ivan Nikolaevich Kramskoy

fanaaniinta Ruush qarnigii 19-sal lahayn abuuray a gallery sawirka weyn. In shuqulladiisa, waxay taswiiran dadka ugu fiican ee dalka, xubno ka mid ah sayniska iyo dhaqanka. masterpieces badan ayaa qoraal amar ah sokoeye iyo farshaxanka caanka ah iyo ururiyaha P. Tretyakov. Runtii portraitist cajiib ahaa Kramskoy. Waxyaabaha Taabbagalay tayo ee artist this cajiib ah oo cilmi-nafsiga ka muuqday sawirka ku Lva Tolstogo. masterpiece waxaa la qoray 1873 ee Yasnaya Polyana. Safka hore ee artist wuxuu keenaa maan cad oo xigmad leh qoraaga. image The qoraaga Ruush caanka ku salaysan yahay (muhiimadda gudaha iyo dibadda ee xog) ee ka duwan ku saleysan. shaqo kale oo muhiim ah waa sawir ah Qadiimiga "qoysanku Murugo" gudbiyo si qoto dheer ee dareenka hooyada. In 1860-1870 sannadood ayuu ahaa si firfircoon ugu lug ururka of bandhigyo, kaas oo lagu fuliyay fanaaniinta Wanderers. Work Kramskogo "Masiix Desert" ayaa lagu soo bandhigay gaadhista labaad. Dhaxalgalka ee artist ah, oo inta badan ilaa Wehbe dadka caadiga ah, "Polesovschik", "oo aan la garaneyn", "Farmer xakame," iwm ...

Ilya Efimovich Repin

Waxaa laga yaabaa in ay dhacdo ugu weyn ee taariikhda rinjiyeynta Ruush ahaa rinjiyeynta ka "geynayey Haulers". In uu shaqo, artist ka gaalda tusay image ah oo ka mid ah dadka caadiga ah. Repin Ka hor inta in this qofna sheeko si qoto dheer naxdin leh oo cajiib ah wax looga qabto. In masterpiece this, artist ka tusay xad sare oo dhan habka farshaxanka oo kaamil ah. Abuuridda kale Repin weyn - "israac diinta ee Gobolka Kursk". Written ee 1883kii, rinjiyeynta ka soo jiitay xal aan caadi ahayn muuqaal dabiici ah iyo compositional. israac Diinta muujinayaa sawirka ka dhigan image wadajir ah tuulada oo dhan kooxaha iyo fasalada ay. Iyadoo jacaylkiisa weyn iyo naxariis qoraaga u suurtagashay in ay sawiri images of yaroow caadiga ah. Meel gaarka ah ee shuqullada rinjiile qaadataa theme kacaanyahan ah. Waxaa abuuray rinjiyeynta ah "ay gelbinayaan", "lama filaan ah", "Diidmada ammin." In 1880, Ilya Yefimovich loola jeedaa nooca sawirka ah, muujinayeen in tirooyinka casriga ah caan ah sida D. Mendeleyev, A. Delvig, Glinka iyo kuwa kale.

Vasiliy Maksimovich Maksimov

Uu xirfadaha farshaxanka marka hore uu helay in ka workshops icon-rinjiyeynta. Vasili Maksimovich dhammeeyey St. Petersburg Academy of Fine Arts fasalka ka mid ah rinjiyeynta taariikhiga ah. shuqulladiisii oo dhan ka artist ayaa ka go'an image asalka ah ee dunida soo ridayeen ah. farshaxankiisa ma saamayn macaamiloon ee maadooyinka iyo midabo dhalaalaya. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, habkaani waxaa soo jiitay oo kaliya dareenka of art ku caashaqay. Shuqulladiisa ugu caansan yihiin: "Wax walba ee la soo dhaafay", "ninkeeda Bukaanka", "Section Family". Iyo sidoo kale fannaaniin kale oo badan oo aan sal lahayn qarnigii 19aad, Vasily Maksimovich in uu shaqada ku dadaaleysaa in ay ka tarjumayaan hadafyada hal abuur iyo qiimaha uu waqti.

Vasiliy Grigorevich Perov

Wuxuu ku dhashay Tobolsk ee 1834. In ay qaan, artist dhallinyarada aado School ee Rinjiyeynta. Shuqulkiisa ugu horeysay la taaban karo waa "Imaanshaha on baaritaanka taagan." Masterpieces ku qoran sano ka yar, wuxuu ahaa guul weyn ku muujiyay wadada. Soon, for "muxaadaradii in Village ah" rinjiyeynta ka Vasily la gudoonsiiyey bilad dahab ah. Uu farshaxankiisa hore ka tarjumaya orientation ka dhaqan-muhiimka ah ee qoraaga. Tusaale ahaan A duwanyihiin of this - "israac Miyiga on Easter", "Baridda tuulada", iwm In sano ka dib Perov u muuqataa sida rinjiile sawirka-muuqaalka ah .. Isagaa iska leh Wehbe of Dostoevsky iyo Alexander Ostrovsky. Waxaa Vasily ahaa mid ka mid ah fikrada ah hawlaha firfircoon ee Partnership ah.

Aabraam Efimovich Arkhipov

artist Tani waxaa la siiyaa meel muhiim ah rinjiyeynta nooca waqtiga ay. In masterpieces uu Arkhipov badnaan run ka muujinayaa nolosha dad reer miyi ah oo fudud. Uu rinjiyeynta "Return The", "In Eye ah", ayaa si weyn loo aqoonsaday dunida oo dhan. In qaar ka mid ah shuqulladiisii uu shaaca ka qaaday dhibaatooyinka bulshada ( "washerwomen", "maalin shaqaaluhu" iyo D. sidaas on.), La kulaney ee shaqada ridayeen culus.