Annealing steel sida nooc ka mid ah daaweynta kulaylka. technology biraha

In la sameeyo qalab cusub oo loo xakameeyo xoolahooda - waa farshaxanka technology biraha. Mid ka mid ah qalabka ay daaweyn kulaylka. Nidaamkan waa mid ka dhigi suurto gal in la beddelo sifooyinka iyo, sida, baaxadda isticmaalka Alloys. Annealing of steel - doorasho baahsan tirtirida cilladaha soo saarta ee wax soo saarka, sii kordhaya xooggooda iyo isku halaynta.

Hawlaha Geeddi-socodka iyo kala duwanaansho ay

hawlgallada annealing waxaa lagu sameeyaa si uu u:

• Qaab dhismeedka intracrystalline Dhiciyaan, gagadoonka xubno alloying ah;
• loo yareeyo walaaca gudaha iyo dhabtii ay sabab u tahay kala duwanaanshaha heerkulka farsamada degdeg ah;
• pliability kordhaya walxaha for machining xiga.

howlgalka heer sare ah waxaa loo yaqaan "annealing buuxa", laakiin waxaa jira tiro ka mid ah kala duwanaansho ay, ku xiran tahay guryaha la doonayo iyo sifooyinka of hawlaha: dhamaystirnayn, sida- hooseeya (homogenization), isothermal, recrystallization, caadi. Dhammaan waa la mid ah mabda ', laakiin hababka daaweynta kulaylka bir yihiin si weyn u kala duwan.

daaweynta Heat ku salaysan jaantus

All transformations in ganacsiga birta ah, kaas oo ku salaysan yihiin ciyaarta ee heerkulka si cad u dhigmaan jaantuska of Alloys bir-carbon. Waa gargaarka muuqaal ah si loo ogaado microstructure ee steels carbon ama birta kabka, iyo sidoo kale dhibcood ee dhismayaasha Isbadal iyo sifooyinka ay sarkhaansan yihiin kulaylinta ama qaboojinta.

technology Birta dejisa garaaf this nooc kasta oo annealing steels carbon. Waayo, aan dhamaystirnayn, hoose iyo recrystallization "laga bilaabo" qiyamka line heerkulka waa PSK, kuwaas oo ay hal dhibic muhiim _Ac1. annealing Full iyo steel caadi kaamerada dhisan jaantuska line, waanuna, ay dhibic muhiim ah iyo AC ₃ AC _m. Sidoo kale qeexo si cad u abuurayaa daaweynta kulaylka lagu qeexay hab xidhiidh la leh wax on content carbon ah iyo suurtagalnimada of its hayo habboon ee daawaha gaar ah.

annealing buuxa

Waxyaabaha: castings iyo forgings of daawaha pro-eutectoid, kuna waari dhexdeeda Halabuurka steel waa in buuxiyo carbon ee xaddi ilaa 0.8%.

Ujeeddo:

• isbedelka ugu badan ee microstructure ee kabka ka keentay iyo actuation cadaadis kulul dhismeedka ferrite-pearlite dhab nonuniform in ganaax-grained ah oo dhqaalaha,
• hoos engegnaantaada iyo kordhiyo ductility for machining xiga.

Technology. Annealing steel heerkulka kor ku xusan dhibic muhiim 30-50˚S _Ac3. Markay guryaha loo dejiyay kaamerada of biraha taageero heer this markii qaar ka mid ah, kuu ogolaanaya in aad buuxiso oo dhan transformations loo baahdo. pearlite Large iyo badar ferrite si buuxda loo beddelaa austenite. Tallaabada xigta - qaboojinta gaabiska in foornada, taas oo nidaamka mar kale kala duwanaayeen ka ferrite ku austenite iyo pearlite isagoo hadhuudh ganaax iyo qaab-dhismeedka dhqaalaha.

steel annealing Full tiraa cilladaha gudaha ugu adag, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waa Cunidda aad u dheer iyo tamarta.

annealing jilicsan

Waxyaabaha: steel hypoeutectoid, khaladaad gudaha aan halis ahayn.

Ujeedada hoos u size iyo yareynta badar pearlite ah, oo aan waxba beddelin substrate ferrite.

Technology. Kulaylinta biraha si heer kulka ah ka dhicin in farqiga u dhaxeeya dhibcood muhiim _Ac1 iyo _Ac3. Gaadhista ee meelaha banaan ee foornada dabka ah oo leh sifooyin deggan fududaysa dhamaystirka geeddi socodka loo baahan yahay. Qaboojinta si tartiib ah lagu sameeyaa, iyadoo foornada. Ugu wax soo saarka siiyo qaab dhismeedka isku ganaax-grained pearlitic-ferritic. Iyada oo sida saamayn kaamerada waxaa beddelay pearlite wanaagsan, baraf ferrite isma badelin, oo la qaab bedeli karaa oo kaliya, sidoo kale lugaha qaawi.

annealing jilicsan of steel u saamaxaaya in ay miisaamaan gobolka gudaha iyo sifooyinka alaabta fudud, waa tamar yar oo degdeg ah.

annealing A hooseeyo (recrystallization)

Waxyaabaha: dhammaan noocyada carbon soo giringiriyey steel, steel daawaha la content carbon u dhaxaysa 0,65% (tus, kubada sita) ah, iyo qaybo ka mid faaruq ah macdanaha cuntrooyinka in aadan ku jira ee cilladaha gudaha muddo dheer ka dhigay, laakiin waxay u baahan yihiin saxo aan tamarta.

Ujeeddo:

• ka saarida walaacyada gudaha iyo cadaadis adkaansho saamaynta ay sabab u tahay calaamadaha lahayo labada qabow iyo kulul,
• tirtiridda saamaynta xun ee qaboojinta sineyn ee dhismayaasha welded, ductility kordhay iyo xoog-goysyada,
• homogenizing microstructure ee metallurgy non-ferrous,
• spheroidization pearlite lamellar - siinaya qaab granular ah.

Technology.

Kululaynta ee qaybo ka soo saaray on 50-100˚S hoos _Ac1 dhibic muhiim ah. Under saameynta ay saamaynta waxyaalahan waxaa loo reebay isbedel yar gudaha. Geedi socodka dhan qaadataa 1-1.5 saacadood. heerkulka qiimo qiyaas u dhaxeysa qalabka qaar ka mid ah:

1. Carbon bir iyo naxaas Alloys - 600-700˚S.
2. Alloys Nikkel - 800-1200˚S.
3. Alloys Aluminum - 300-450˚S.

Qaboojinta waxaa lagu qabtaa hawada. technology biraha Martensitic iyo steels bainitic bixiyaa magac kala duwan ee geedi socodka this - fasaxa sare. Waa hab fudud oo la awoodi karo si loo hagaajiyo sifooyinka qaybaha iyo dhismaha.

Homogenization (annealing sida-)

Facilities: waxyaabaha loo shubay waaweyn, gaar ahaan of tuuray ahama.

Ujeeddo: qaybinta direyska ah ee xubno alloying atamka ee daaqaddii crystal iyo mugga oo dhan ingot ah iyadoo ay sabab u sida- heerkulka sare, Jilcinta dhismeedka preform ah, yareynta ay darantahay ingeega, inta aanay fulinin howlaha geedi socodka xiga.

Technology. Kulaylinta wax ay soo saaraan 1000-1200˚S heerkulka sare. sifooyinka kaamerada deggan waa in lagu hayaa muddo dheer - oo ku saabsan 10-15 saacadood, taas oo ku xidhan xajmiga iyo kakanaanta dhismeedka kabka. qaboojinta gaabis socota dhammaystirka dhammaan heerarka kala duwan ee falcelinta-heerkulka sare.

Waqti lumis, laakiin habka aadka wax ku ool ah ek'eysiiyo of microstructure ee dhismayaasha waaweyn.

annealing isothermal

Waxyaabaha: carbon saxan bir rogid, articles of alloyed iyo sare-daawaha.

Ujeeddo: Si loo hagaajiyo microstructure, ka saarida ee cilladaha gudaha in waqti yar.

Technology. Birta hore kulul ilaa complete heerkulka annealing iyo dhawray waqtiga loo baahan yahay isbeddel ah ee qaab-dhismeedka jira in austenite. Next waxaa si tartiib ah la qaboojiyey by bilowga gubatay cusbo. By gaaro kulaylka 50-100˚S in hoos dhibic _Ac1 lagu meeleeyo foorno si ay u ilaaliyaan heerka this inta lagu jiro waqtiga lagama maarmaanka u ah isbadal ku dhamaystiran oo austenite in pearlite iyo cementite. qaboojinta The final waxaa lagu fuliyaa ee hawada.

Habka wuxuu kuu ogol yahay si loo gaaro guryaha loo baahan yahay ee workpieces steel alloyed, halka markii lagu badbaadinayo sida annealing buuxa marka loo eego.

caadi

Waxyaabaha: castings, forgings oo khafiif ah, ee dhexdhexaad ah iyo steel low-alloyed.

Ujeeddo: Si loo dardar gobolka gudaha, siinta engegnaantiinna aawadeed la doonayo iyo xoog, horumar ee gobolka gudaha ka hor inta marxaladaha xiga ee daaweynta kulaylka iyo machining.

Technology. Steel kululeeyo si heerkul in wax yar ka sarreeya xariiqda waanuna iyo dhibcaha muhiim ah, oo la dhigaa la qaboojiyey in hawada. Sayidka, heerka of dhammaystirka geedi socodka kordhiyaa. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, iyadoo la isticmaalayo habka this si loo gaaro qaab-dhismeedka a maangalka dabacsan oo kaliya in kiiska halkaas oo ka kooban birta lagu qeexay carbon qadarkuu aan ka badnayn 0.4%. Iyada oo tiro sii kordhaysa oo ah carbon uu jiro korodh ingeega. steel isla ka dib caadi leeyahay qalbi engegnaantooda aawadeed weyn hadhuudh yar isku amro. farsamada ay si weyn u kordhin kartaa iska caabin jab iyo Alloys ductility processing goynta.

cilladaha macquulka ah annealing

Intii lagu guda jiray fulinta hawlaha daaweynta kulaylka loo baahan yahay inay u hoggaansamaan Fundka hababka heerkulka kululaynta iyo qaboojinta. In case of xadgudub cilladaha kala duwan ayaa dhici kara shuruudaha.

1. Qayilo ee lakabka dusha sare iyo formation of qiyaasta. Inta uu hawlgalka socday biraha la shubay sameynayso la oxygen hawada, taas oo horseedaysa formation of qiyaasta on dusha workpiece ah. Subject ay ahayd isdaahirintii by la taaban karo ama adigoo isticmaalaya reagents kiimikada gaar ah.
2. gubanayo carbon. Sidoo kale waxay dhacdaa iyada oo sababtu tahay saamaynta oxygen on biraha kulul. Yaraynta xaddiga carbon ee lakabka dusha sare yaraynaysaa hantida farsamo iyo farsamada. Si looga hortago hawlgaladaa, steel annealing waa in lagu sameeyaa ay barbar socdaan talooyin foorno gudaha gaaska ilaaliya, kuwaas oo ugu muhiimsan hawsha - si looga hortago isdhexgalka daawaha la oxygen.
3. Kulayl. Waa natiijo ah ee gabow sii dheeraaday ee foorno heerkulka sare. Natiijooyinka ee koritaanka hadhuudhka xad-dhaaf ah, barashada afku ee non-uniform dhismeedka hadhuudh aan dhab ahayn, oo kordhay nuglaanta. Oo Qaliin saxo by fulinta wareeg kale oo dhameystiran annealing.
4. Gubay. Waxay dhacdaa iyada oo sababtu tahay qiimaha kululaynta impermissibly sare iyo xawaaraha shutter, waxay u horseeddaa burburinta bonds dhexeeya badar qaarkood si buuxda boolidii dhismeedka bir oo dhan iyo waxa aan la hoos geliyey wax la saxo.

Si looga hortago ayna muhiim u tahay in si adag raacdo daaweynta kulaylka dhibaatada ka, waxay leeyihiin xirfadaha iyo si adag loo xakameeyo geedi socodka.

microstructure steel Annealing waa-saameyn sare technology wadista ee qaybo ka mid ah kakanaanta kasta, oo sideeda oo aan fiicnayn iyo qaab-dhismeedka gudaha sida looga baahan yahay marxaladaha xiga ee saameynta kaamerada, machining iyo soo bandhigid dhismeedka galay hawlgalka.