Anatoly Efros - film Soviet iyo agaasimaha masraxa. Biography, hal-abuurka

Efros Anatoliy Vasilevich (sannadaha cimrigaaguna - 1925-1987) - Agaasimaha film Soviet iyo macalinka. Sanadkii 1976 ayuu helay horyaalka ee Faneed ee sharafta RSFSR ah.

asalka iyo horraantii sano The

Anatoly ku dhashay Kharkov, June 3, 1925. Qoyskiisa uusan ka tirsan deegaanka masrixiyada. Waalidiinta Anatoly shaqeeyay warshad diyaarad. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, carruurta agaasimaha mustaqbalka jeclaan of tiyaatarka. Waxa uu xiiseynayay in Stanislavsky, oo ku saabsan qaab ciyaareedkiisa akhriyo. dugsiga sare ka dib, Anatoly waxay bilaabeen inay bartaan Moscow. Waxa uu dugsiga ka qeyb galay Tiyaatarka ah. Moscow City Council.

Wax ka barashada GITIS

Efros Anatoliy Vasilevich ee 1944 galay GITIS on toosiyaan Waaxda (Dabcan M. O. Knebel iyo NV Petrova). In 1950 wuxuu ka qalin sharaf. waxqabadka Qalinjabinta Anatoly Vasilyevich - "Prague anigaa iska leh", abuuray by qorka xabsiga Yu Fucik. Selection of hadalkii naakhudihii iyo koorsada soo baxday in nasiib for Efros: Knebel, macalin weyn oo arday ah oo Stanislavsky, kan kara inuu isaga siiyo awood u leh inay fahmaan tiyaatarka khiyaano nafsi ah. Waayo, nolosha oo dhan Anatoliy hadhay fanka go'an "waayo-aragnimo." Wuxuu horumariyey iyo hal-abuur su'alaha nidaamka Stanislavsky ah, iyo sidoo kale hababka ay shaqada la actor ah.

The qaab koowaad ee shaqo ee Taxanaha ah

Anatoly saaray qaab ugu horeysay masraxa Ryazan ah, iyo in 1954 waxaa loo magacaabay agaasimaha sare ee Tiyaatarka Moscow Central Caruurta ee. CDT (hadda Tiyaatarka Dhalinyarada) marka Efros bilaabay inuu martigelin qaab ma aha oo kaliya loogu talagalay carruurta. Halkan yimaado jilayaasha dhalinyarada ah, oo magacyadoodiina ayaa ka dib ka dhigay marxalad Ruush caan ah Oleg Tabakov, Oleg Efremov, Lev Durov. Oo Anatoly Efros caawiyay Muujin talantigii. Waa in MDGs-ka ee 1950-dhigay mabaadiida aasaasiga ah ee masraxa cusub ee dalka.

Iyada oo magaca V. Rozov (xarunta sawirka), riwaayadaha, lala marxalad muhiim ah in shuqullada hore ee Anatoly Vasilyevich (sawirka bidix), iyo sidoo kale masraxa Ruush guud ahaan. Dad badan oo xiisa badan ka fuliyeen by author Efros this: 1957 - "Helitaanka Joy", 1960 - "dagaalka ku hayntooda", 1962 - "ka hor inta casho." Later, halka ka shaqeeya masraxa Anatoly Vasilyevich Lenin Komsomol waxaa sanadkii 1964 ayaa lagu muujiyay "maalinta ammaanta," iyo sanadkii 1972, ee masraxa on ala Bronnaya weerarkii "walaalkiis Alyosha" by Fedoru Dostoevskomu. The CDT mid ka mid ah qaab koowaad ee Anatoly Vasilyevich ahaa play ee 1955, "Nasiib wanaagsan!" (Pink). Waxa uu noqday mid aad u dhow la leh agaasimaha O. Efremov. Dabcan, qaab this ahaa horumarinta fikirka ah "Casriga", kuwa ugu caansan ee 1950, tiyaatarka Ruush. Waxaa furay ciyaarta labada sano ka dib "waari Alive" Pink martigeliso Efrayim. Dabcan, Efros la oran karo waa mid ka mid ah aasaasayaasha tiyaatarka. caddayn dheeraad ah oo this - xaqiiqada ah in Anatoly riday "Casriga" mid ka mid ah qaab hore - "Qofna" (E. De Filippo) Lydia Tolmacheva iyo reer Efrayim.

Dhacdooyinka Efros

Arrin ku Efros, oo uu weheliyay Agaasimaha muddo ku dhow inuu naftiisa oo dhan (marka laga reebo muddada final iyada) uu ahaa xaqiiqada ah in warkiisiina wuxuu gaadhay ma ahayn weyn oo cod weyn. Anatoly ahaa ma naxdin leh ama agaasimaha "moodada". Inkastoo magacyo kale oo gilgishay - O. Efremov (1960), Yuri Lyubimov (1970). Waxay ahaayeen geesiyaal ah (oo u qalmeen sidaas) dhagaystayaasha tiyaatarka ee sannadahaas. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, awoodda hal abuur leh ee Anatoly Efros ka mid ah xirfadlayaasha (agaasimayaasha, jilayaasha, curiya, dhaleecayn) wuxuu ahaa mid aad u sarreeya. Dabcan, qaab ciyaareedkiisa ahaayeen guul la maqlayo, waxay si farxad leh daawaday iyo jeclaaday by badan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, si loo qadariyo si buuxda oo dhan hal-abuurnimo iyo qoto dheer oo ka mid ah "low-mugga" toosiyaan Anatoly Vasilyevich waayeen kaliya xirfadlayaasha si fiican ahaayeen gudaha tiyaatarka. Waxaa muhiim ah in ku dhowaad dhammaan oo ka mid ah jilayaasha, kuwaas oo wada shaqeeyay Efros, ayaa xusuusan isticmaalo iskaashiga sida farxad dhab ah. A heerka aad u sarreeya oo aqoonsi, laga yaabee ugu sarreeya - kaliya ma noqon dambe inta lagu guda jiro nolosha agaasimaha caanka ah, laakiin sidoo kale halyeeyga ah asxaabta, kuwaas oo sida caadiga ah ma aha oo aad u badan dhiiran tahay in qiyaasta xamaasad dadweynaha.

Natalia Krymov iyo Anatoly Efros

Laga soo bilaabo agaasimaha college weyn A. Efros iyo jilidda riwaayadaha ugu fiican oo naqdiya tiyaatarka 1960-80-mada N. Krymov ahaayeen soo socda. Isbahaysigooda uu ahaa kaliya ma guursaday, waxa uu ahaa a tusmo hal abuur leh oo awood badan, go'aamiso qaddar ee sannado badan oo masraxa Ruush. Waxay lahaa wiil, Dmitry, oo noqday agaasimaha iyo marxaladda naqshadeeye.

Shaqo ee Tiyaatarka ah. Lenin Komsomol

Anatoly Efros u suurtagashay in ay u sameeyaan caan CDT. Ka dib markii in waxaa loo doortay inuu masraxa. Lenin Komsomol Agaasimaha sare (1963). tiyaatarka Tan waxaa xilliyada adag ku jira ka dibna. Ku noqo jacaylka dhagaystayaasha uu lahaa Efros - tirin on in Department of Dhaqanka. Galaxy A oo dhan jilayaasha tayo leh lagu soo shiriyey hoos banner ee Anatoly Vasilyevich. magacyadooda isla markiiba noqday caanka ah ee tiyaatarka dhan Moscow siyaabo badan mahad agaasimaha this talented, Anatoly Efros. Oo Olga Yakovleva iyo A. Zbruev, iyo fannaaniin kale oo si fiican u yaqaan (A. Dmitriev, Yu Kolychev, M. Derzhavin, A. Shirvindt, V. Larionov, L. Durov iyo kuwa kale.) Riyaaqay caan weyn. daawadayaasha dib tiyaatarka. dhacdooyinka Real noqday qaab badan, iyaga ka mid ah: 1964 "Maalinta arooska" iyo "104 pages ku saabsan jacaylka", 1965 "My Poor Marat" iyo "ka dhigi filim ...", 1966 - "shimbir badeed The" iyo "Moliere" . riwaayadaha Lyrical Efros (ma publicist!) Waayo riwaayadaha casriga ah (Radzinsky, casaan, qaraha) ahaayeen kuwo aad u taxaddar. Waxay ahaayeen xinjir dhibaatooyinka jiritaanka of intelligentsia waqtiga, fikirka ku saabsan waxa meesha waxaa la siiyaa qofka bulshada. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ma yar ku habboon yihiin war classic of Anatoly Vasilyevich, iyo this inkastoo xaqiiqda ah in si xoog leh "casriyaynta" ma iyaga ku jiray. Tani waxay sababtay carada. Anatoly Efros ayaa laga saaray hoggaanka masraxa this 1967.

Efros noqday agaasimaha masraxa on ala Bronnaya

Waxa uu noqday agaasimaha xiga hadda waa masraxa on ala Bronnaya. Si kastaba ha ahaatee suubban booska ma hortago xaqiiqda ah in masraxa si degdeg ah ka dib markii ay ka imanayaan Anatoly Vasilyevich noqday kuwa loo yaqaan "masraxa Efros." Ma aha oo kaliya oo dhan 17 sano waxaa ka mid ah agaasimaha this magiciisii wuxuu u kaxaystay, laakiin sannado badan ka dib. Kuwaas oo 17 sano ayaa muddo Anatoly Efros ku faraxsan yahay, in kastoo ay adag tahay. dhinaca wanaagsan ee post ee soo socota waxay ahayd in ay ka dhigtay in ay suurto gal ah in loo kordhiyo focus on ay xirfad.

Efros hareereeyeen by shirkad weyn - ka Lenkoma isaga raacay qaar ka mid ah jilayaasha ah. Dhamaan kuwa soo shaqeeyay Anatoly Vasilyevich, isu tixgeliyo xertiisii, xitaa kuwa aan ku baran in GITIS ay dabcan (uu baray waxaa googo'an tan iyo 1964). Ala Bronnaya isku mar soo shaqeeyay V. Gaft, L. Durov, A. Yakovlev, N. Volkov, M. Shirvindt, Bronevoy L., L. Round, M. Derzhavin, A. Dahl, A. Petrenko, S. Lyubshin, E . Korenev, Mr. Martyniuk, Saifulin G., M. Kanev. Years of kaashanaya Efros waayo, qaar badan oo iyaga ka mid ahaa run ahaantii hugaaminaya. Tartiib tartiib, tiyaatarka, yaal ala Bronnaya, wuxuu noqday xarunta of nolosha ruuxiga ah ee magaalada Muqdisho - iyo this inkastoo xaqiiqda ah in uu jiray Taganka. Qaab Anatoliya Efrosa ka dhawaajisay counterpoint culays iyo cad cad in ay waxyaalaha ka soo baxa uu. Agaasimaha Tiyaatarka A. Efros ahaa artist ah, ma siyaasi. Uu caadi joogo la waara.

Xiriirka Yuri Lyubimov

In 1970, xiriirka Efros iyo Darling (sawirka) ahaayeen shirkadaha iyo ixtiraam leh. Anatoly Efros 1973 -Laakiin hoos horyaalka "Just dhawr eray difaaca Monsieur de Moliere". Doorka ugu weyn waxaa ku jira ciyaaray Lyubimov. Taasi, waxa ay noqonaysaa, martiqaaday in ay tiyaatarka on Taganka Efros in ay cayaarta "The Cherry Orchard." waayo-aragnimo New siiyey jilayaasha tagankovskim ku lug waxa ku jira.

Qaab riwaayadaha classical iyo kan casriga ah martigeliso Tiyaatar on ala Bronnaya

War qoraal ah oo ku saabsan ala Bronnaya noqday halyeey run ah - inta badan classic. "Romeo iyo Juliet," "Saddex Sisters," "Othello," "guur," "Bisha A ee dalka u yaalla", "Don Giovanni", "walaalkiis Alyosha" - mid kasta oo iyaga ka mid ah uu ahaa lanooga casri ah oo lama filaan ah, ayaa shaaca ka qaaday cusub oo kasta oo ka mid xubnaheeda ku saabsan oo ka mid ah tayadiisa. Si kastaba ha ahaatee Tiyaatarka Anatoly Efros in uu guul farshaxanka halis ah sidoo kale khuseysaa qaab saaray ciyaarta casriga ah "Warkii Old Arbat cirfiid," "Maalmaha Happy nin ku faraxsaneyn", "Agaasimaha Tiyaatarka", "Summer iyo Smoke", "Man The ka", iwm . Anatoly badan soo shaqeeyay in muddo this on telefishanka, raadinaya hab cusub ah ee ra'yi dhiibashada. Waxa uu sidoo kale qoray heshiis weyn qamaar warqad fikirka ku saabsan mustaqbalka iyo hadiyad ah te'atradii.

kulan siyaasadeed

In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in A. Dunaev, kuwaas oo ka shaqaysay tiyaatarka on Agaasimaha maamulaha ala Bronnaya, wuxuu si xoog leh u taageeray, qaab Efros waxaa inta badan reebay. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Anatoly isku dayeen in ay ku nool yihiin, si adag ka fogaanaya, sida haddii luxo kulamada siyaasadeed waxaa loo tixgeliyaa in aan istaahilin te'atradii. ma Agaasimaha Efros taagan. Casriga ah ee soosaarista filimka lagu gaadhay dhibaatooyinka moral kiciyey by search of intelligentsia ah, sanam uu si tartiib tartiib ah u noqday. By agaasimaha bartamihii 70 ee Anatoly Efros bilaabay in la tixgeliyo sida khasaarahanaga. In uu war ku saabsan mawduuc casriga ah waxaa si fudud lagu heli tusaalayaal bulshada iyo siyaasadda - waxa laga reebay, tusaale ahaan, "Seducer Kokobashkin". Si kastaba ha ahaatee, la Classics ah waxa aan ahaa si fudud - iyo Anatoly Efros bilaabay inuu eedeeyo xaqiiqda ah in ay u xumeeyaan. Work on ala Bronnaya Street jiray xirfadiisa ciyaareed ee la soo dhaafay agaasimaha masraxa yara deji.

sano adag oo shaqo ah Tiyaatarka Taganka ah

Kogan, oo ah agaasimaha masraxa, 1983, ku dhawaaqay dagaal Efros. In 1984, Anatoly bidixdiisa. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa kaliya ma ahan tagay - Efros u baxay inuu ka shaqeeyo agaasimaha Taganka Tiyaatarka sare, meel this by bedelay Yuri Lyubimov. Gaar ahaan riwaayado ahaa si hufan muddadaas ee uu noloshiisa. Anatoly waxaa mar walba bartey jiideen kulan siyaasadeed, inkastoo xaqiiqda ah in uu had iyo jeer iyaga fogaadaa. Waayo, markii ugu horeysay ee qaab ciyaareedkiisa bilaabay in la qiimeeyo oo ku saabsan bulshada halkii shuruudaha farshaxanka.

qaddar adag sugayay agaasime Anatoly Efros. Uu Biography waqtigan ay astaan u fahan on qayb ka mid ah asxaabta. Agaasimaha cusub ee ka mid ah shaqaalaha tiyaatarka ma aqbalo. Dhab ciyaaray halkan door, iyo ratio ee Yuri Lyubimov, in la yimaado shaqo joojinta jabiyay-of Efros kii isaga ka heleen. Lyubimov ayaa qaylo ah ayaa sheegay in saaxiibkiisii ka dhigay a "khiyaanay." Tagankovskie jilayaasha yar ayaa awooday in ay iskaashi la Efros - Smekhov V., V. Zolotukhin, A. Demidov. Qaar kale ayaa ku dhawaaqay in bandowgu ah kulul. hababka ugu objectionable halganka soo galay ciyaarta. Iyada oo iska caabin ah ee Hobollada Qaranka oo dhan waxaa loo soo dhiibay qaab dambeeya ee Anatoly Vasilyevich - ". Beautiful Sunday, waayo, geeduhu" "Cherry Orchard The," "Misanthrope The," "moolkeeda Hoose The", ka qaybgalayaasha badan oo ku jira colaadaan waxaa markii dambe la sheegay in ay ahaayeen khalad. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, tani waxay dhacday badan ka dib.

Dhimashada A. Efros

Anatoly Efros, January 13, 1987, u dhintay wadno. Maanta, magaca Anatoly Vasilyevich qayb ka mid ah taariikhda farshaxanka masrixiyada oo dalka ka noqday, oo ay la socdaan magacyada weyn sida K. S. Stanislavsky, V. E. Meyerhold, E. B. Vahtangov, A. Tairov Ya..