Allena (element kiimikada) guryaha naqshada formula

Waxaa aad u qiimo badan aadanaha oo dhan sifooyinka gaas sida Allena. Cunsurka, kuwaas oo waxaa la sameeyey, - oxygen this O. Dhab ahaantii, Allena O ₃ - mid ka mid allotropic Oxygen beddelka ka kooban saddex cutub oo formular (O ÷ O ÷ G). A hore iyo xarunta loo yaqaan - laftiisa waa gaaska ogsijiin si hufan waa in waxa la aasaasay by laba atamka (D = O) - O _2.

Allotropy - awooda element kiimikada ah si ay u sameeyaan tiro ka mid ah guryaha kala duwan ee xeryahooda fudud. Thanks to Dadka iyo baaro isticmaalka muqaadaraadka sida dheemman iyo graphite, baaruud monoclinic iyo orthorhombic, oksijiin, iyo Allena. Cunsurka isagoo awoodda sida waxaa aan ku ekayn beddelka kaliya labo, more qaar ka mid ah.

Taariikhda xeryahooda daahfurka

unit ayaa qaybaha kala duwan ee walxaha badan organic iyo imanba, oo ay ku jiraan sida Allena - element a kiimikada kuwaas oo calaamad O - ogsijiin, ee Giriigga «oxys» - dhanaan, iyo «gignomai» - in ay dhalaan.

Waayo, markii ugu horeysay cusub oo wax ka beddelid allotropic of ogsijiin lagu jiro tijaabo la siideeyn korontada laga helay 1785 van Holland Martijn ku Maroun, inuu fiiro waxaa barbaro ur. qarnigii A ka dib France Christian Friedrich Schönbein xusay joogitaanka mid ah ka dib markii duufaan, dheehan gaaska ayaa loo magacaabay "uraya". Laakiin saynisyahano qaar ka mid ah waa la khiyaaneeyey, oo rumaysan in ay dareenka urta qudhiisu waxyaabaha udugga leh Allena. Ur in ay dareemay iska xeryahooda organic oxidized by ficil la O _3, sida gaaska waa mid aad u falceliya.

Qaab dhismeedka elektarooniga ah

The jab dhismaha isku jira O2 iyo O3 - element ah kiimikada. Allena waxa uu leeyahay qaab-dhismeedka ka sii adag. oxygen The weli waa mid fudud - laba atamka la oxygen ku biiray by bond a double iyo kooban ϭ- π-qayb, sida ay valency ee element ah. About ₃ waxay leedahay dhowr dhismeedka resonant. bond Multiple xira laba oxygen ah, iyo kan saddexaad oo uu leeyahay hal a. Sidaas darteed, ay sabab u tahay socdaalka π-qayb, sawirka guud ee saddexda atamka ka mid tahay oo xiriir ah kala badh. Xiriirka Tani waxay ka gaaban tahay hal, laakiin muddo ka badan laba jibbaar ah. itimaalka ee u taagoo xoogeystay saynisyahano sameeyay tijaabo laga saaray.

hababka Avv

Waayo, formation of gaas sida Allena, ogsijiin ah element kiimikada waa in ay dhexdhexaad ah oo iskiis u qaab atamka shaqsi. Xaaladaha noocan oo kale ah waxaa loo abuuray in ay isku dhaceen ee u taagoo oxygen la electrons O ₂ intii lagu siideeyn korontada ama qayb kale oo tamar sare, iyo marka lagu gubaa leh iftiinka ultraviolet.

share libaax ee wadarta guud ee Allena saaray wadada photochemical in shuruudaha Hawada dabiiciga ah. Dadka door bidaan in ay isticmaalaan dhaqdhaqaaqa kiimikada ah hababka kale sida, tusaale ahaan, ereygu electrolytic ah. Waxay ka kooban tahay in in electrodes platina dhexdhexaad elektrolytka aqueous kaalinta iyo oggol yahay hadda. Nidaamka falcelin:

H ₂ O + O ₂ → O ₃ + H ₂ + e ^-

guryaha jirka

Oksijiin (O) - qayb unit sida walax Allena - element kiimikada kuwaas oo caanaha iyo mass gaws qaraabo ku qoran yihiin miiska wareegsan. Xirrira O ah ₃ oxygen, waxay keensataa guryaha aasaas ahaan ka duwan kuwa O _2.

buluug Gas - taasi waa xaalad caadi ah oo xeryahooda sida Allena. formula element Chemical sifooyinka taranta - oo dhan lagu qeexaa in ay aqoonsi iyo waxbarasho oo ah walaxda. dhibic karaya The for isaga -111,9 ° C, gobolka liquefied uu leeyahay midab madow iyo guduud, halka dheeraad ah hoos degree in -197,2 ° barafku C bilaabmaa. In gobolka of adag Allena xulkii uu noqonayaa midabka madow leh cado guduudan. Its milmi toban jeer ka badan waa hantida of ogsijiin O _2. Marka uruureen ugu yar ee hawada urta Allena, waa af badan, gaar ah oo u eg urka biraha.

kiimikaad

Aad u firfircoon, iyadoo eegaysana cadaanyo, gaaska waa Allena. element Chemical in u yeela - waa oxygen. Calaamadaha in loo ogaado dhaqanka Allena ee isdhexgalka leh waxyaabaha kale, - a awoodda oksidheeyeyaal sare iyo xasilooni gaaska laftiisa. At heerkulka kacsantahay, waxaa decomposes heerka aan horay loo arag, dardar-socodka iyo Xoojiya sida oxides biraha, chlorine dioxide, nitrogen iyo kuwa kale. guryaha Oxidant sifooyinka soo jireenka ah dhismaha of Allena sabab u dhaqdhaqaaqa ee Britain iyo mid la atamka ogsijiin, kaas oo Cuskada beddelin gaaska ogsijiin: O ₃ → O ₂ + O ·

Oksijiin (block dhismaha kaas oo walxaha Britain ayaa loo dhisay sida oksijiinka iyo Allena) - element kiimikada. Siday ugu qoran tahay in ay isleegyo cadaanyo - About ·. Allena oxidizes oo dhan marka laga reebo birta dahabka, platina iyo kooxaha ay. Waxaa sameynayso la gaasas ee jawiga - oxides baaruud, nitrogen iyo kuwa kale. Aan sii walxaha inert iyo organic, gaar ahaan hababka degdeg ah waa discontinuities bonds badan iyada oo loo marayo dhismaha xeryahooda dhexe. Waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in alaabta falcelinta waa dhib lahayn in ay deegaanka iyo aadanuhu. biyahan, oxygen, oxides sare ee qaybaha kala duwan, oxides ee carbon. Reaction la Allena ma iman xeryahooda binary ee calcium, titanium iyo Silicon la oxygen.

codsiga

meesha ugu weyn ee meesha loo isticmaalo "uraya" gaaska - waxaa ozonation. hab ka mid ah jeermiska noocan oo kale ah wax badan oo wax ku ool ah iyo ammaan in noolaha badan jeermi chlorine. Marka biyo la formation Allena daahiriyey dhacdaa taagayo sun ah methane halogeen khatar bedelay.

Sii kordheysa, habka dhawrista this of jeermiska waxaa loo isticmaalaa in warshadaha cuntada. Allena daaweeyaa qalab qaboojiye, goobaha lagu keydiyo alaabooyinka la isaga caawin fuliyaan saarista ee ur.

Guryaha jeermiska caafimaad ee Allena sidoo kale waa lagama maarmaan. Waxay jeermiska nabarka, xal saline. dhiig-arooriyaha Ozonated, iyo sidoo kale "uraya" gaaska daweeyo tiro ka mid ah cudurada raaga.

Ahaanshaha ee dabiiciga ah iyo qiimaha

Allena walax Simple - element gobolka ahan Halabuurka gaaska meel taalaa fogaan ah oo ku saabsan 20-30 km ka dusha u dhow. Go'doon ee xarunta taasi dhacdo inta lagu jiro geedi socodka la xiriira ku siideeyn korontada, inta lagu guda jiro alxanka, qalab copier ah. Laakiin ahan waxa la aasaasay oo ku jira 99% lacagta guud ee jooga Allena jawi dhulka ee.

Vital cadeeyay jiritaanka gaaska ee meel u dhow-Earth. Waxaa dhexdeeda foomamka wax-u Lakabka Allena ah, kaas oo ilaaliya dhammaan nolosha ka shucaaca qoraxda ultraviolet halis ah. Qaab daran oo ku filan, laakiin on par leh faa'ido weyn, gaaska laftiisa waa khatar ugu ah dadka. Kordhinta fiirsashada of Allena qof neefsashada hawada waxyeelo u shaqeeyo, sababta oo ah falcelin xad-dhaaf ah.