Abwaan Yakov Polonsky: Biography kooban, farshaxan, gabayo iyo xaqiiqooyinka oo xiiso leh

Abwaan ma badanaa xusuustay JP Polonsky (1819-1898) ku abuuray shuqullo badan ma aha oo kaliya in gabayada laakiin tiraab. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, weli inta badan ee shuqulladiisa jaceyl noqon hindiga ah. Abwaan shisheeye agagaarka qaylo ah, laakiin aan la taag daran in qaddar ee hooyo ee. uu ugu jecel yahay in uu "Bell".

hooyo yar

The quietest of Ryazan, tuulo yar oo gobolka, ee habeenkii of 6 ilaa 7 December 1819kii ilmaha dhashay, oo laba todobaad ka dib ay u yeedheen baabtiiska Yacquub. Uu eedadii ahayd ee kubada a at the-guud taliyihii, laakiin ka dib markii barashada in walaashood waxaa si ammaan ah u dhiibay at dhalashada, kubad uu ka tagay in la keeno salaamayaan. Rhode Polonsky gaboobay, kuwaas oo ka Poland u tageen inay soo galaan hawshii Ivanu Groznomu. Polonsky lahaa shulug hubka ku saabsan asalka Azure, kuwaasi oo ay ka muujinayaa xiddiga reer lix geesahood ah, koofiyad iyo baalasheeda oo daa'uus iyo bishii dhallinyaro ah. Aabaha Abwaan waxbarasho fiican ma ka heli karto, laakiin bartay wax akhriska iyo qorista, wuxuuna lahaa far aad u qurux badan. Waxa uu ahaa sarkaal ka wanaagsan, iyo qoyska ballaadhan looga baahan yahay waxa qiimaha u qaali ah. Yakov ilmaha ugu da'da ahaa, iyo marka lagu daro uu lahaa lix carruur ah. In dhalashada ee la soo dhaafay, oo hooyadiis ayaa ku dhintay, Natalia Yakovlevna. Ilmuhu si xun soo gaaray, iyada oo dhimashada, ayna u muuqatay in ay isaga ay hooyadiis waxaa lagu aasay nool. Sida ilmo, Yakov Polonsky badanaa loo arkaa riyooyin cabsi badan. Wuxuu ahaa cabsadeen. Male ay shaqadeeda bilowdo, ka muuqan images gabay. walaalkiisii weynaa xaggooda sheekooyinka hindiseen ka yar oo bilaabay si qarsoodi ah in aan gabayada qoro.

dugsiga sare ka dib

Yakov Polonsky Ryazan qalin jebin dugsiga sare ee 1838. Waqtigaa, oo aabbahay lagu gebi ahaanba jebiyey iyo dhimashada oo uu naagtiisa ka la jecel yahay, shaqeeyey saddex sano oo Caucasus, uu si Nebina dalkiisa ku noqday. In the case of carruurta, isagu ma faragelin. Laakiin Jacob ahayd dhacdo oo uu tixgeliyaa guul ah oo naftiisa. In 1837 wuxuu booqday Aleksandr Ryazan Tsesarevich ku Nikolaevich, Ulasocto VA Zhukovsky. Young Yacquub Polonsky bandhigay mid ka mid ah boqor mustaqbalka ee uu abuuray oo uu. Shirkan waxa uu ku xidhan yahay oo dhan fikirrada nin dhallinyaro ah oo la hawlaha suugaanta. Laga soo bilaabo 1838 in 1844 sano, Yakov Polonsky daraasaad at University Moscow. Wuxuu ahaa mid aad u liita, maxaa yeelay qoyska waxaa si buuxda uga xunyihiin, iyo isku hallayn karo oo kaliya xooga ay ku leeyihiin. guryaha kirada ah ee isku raranka ku lahaa si ay u noolaadaan by umeerin iyo casharada gaarka ah. Waxaa jiray maalmood marka qadada iyo ma ahaa in. Oo waxay lahayd in la sameeyo shaah oo duudduuban. Muddadan uu si dhow ula ogyahay A. Grigoriev iyo A. Fet, posted ratings tayo Abwaan dhallinyarada. Waxyoonay, uu daabacay "Notes of Fatherland ah" ee 1840, gabay ah "dawanno oo shir ku xurmaysan ka dhawaajisay." Circle saaxiibada ee Moscow ayaa la ballaariyey. In guriga farac u Nikolai Decembrist ku Orlov, Yakov Polonsky oo la kulmay Professor T. Granovsky, Faylasuuf P. Chaadaev. Sidoo kale 1942, wuxuu saaxiibo nolosha la Ivan Turgenev, kuwaas oo taageeri doona waraaqo ah.

Collection of "gamma"

In 1844, Petr Yakovlevich Chaadaev si firfircoon ururinta lacagta Times daabacaada ee buugga ugu horeysay ee Abwaan dhallinyarada. Lyrics Lermontov tagay calaamad u ah oo ku saabsan. Laakiin Belinsky guud ahaan ku siinaysaa dib u eegid wanaagsan. naqdiya ayaa xusay in aayaddan "gabayada element saafi ah". Nikolai Gogol rewrites Naftooda ka mid ah maansooyinkii. VA Zhukovsky soo bandhigay saacad gabayaaga dhallinyarada ah oo muujinaya in uu ku qanacsan nahay tayadiisa. Lev Sergeyevich Pushkin isaga siiyey hadiyad qiimo - hawleed ka tirsan walaalkiis hanad.

Odessa

Ka dib ka qalin iyo u dhaqaaqo koonfurta iyo Biography ah ee nolosha Yakova Polonskogo isbarteen ka buuxiyey dad goobada Pushkin ee. Noolaanshaha iyo Hufnaan sifaha ururinta labaad ee Abwaan, "gabayo 1845". Si kastaba ha ahaatee Belinsky ma wax soo saarka guul ka heli.

Caucasus

waxay doonayaan in ay helaan dareenkaa cusub keeni Yakov Petrovich in Tiflis ee 1846. Waxay u adeegtaa sida xafiiska taliyaha MS Vorontsov iyo waqti isku mid ah ka shaqeeya wargeyska "Herald oo ka mid ah Transcaucasian" kaaliyaha editor. In waxa ay, isaga iyo daabacan. On wax qalaad ee Caucasus, waxa uu isku dayayaa in uu ka shaqeeyo nooca dhaqanka ee ballads iyo gabayo. Isla mar ahaantaana, waxa uu u adeegsanayaa tirada raznostopnye yar. In 1849 Abwaan daayay a collection of "Sandazar". Laakiin in 1851 uu si Russia u yimaadeen sidii ay bartaan oo ku saabsan cudurka halista ah ee aabbihiis.

Petersburg

Sidaas Yakova Polonskogo Biography sheegayaa sheekada ee uu ku soo laabtay Russia, halkaas oo uu si diiran u helay by akhristayaasha iyo qorayaasha. Laakiin wax fayo-qabka ma laha. In 1857, in lagu qasbay in ay noqdaan repeater ah. In awood this, uu weheliyo qoyska SA Smirnova-Rosset, ayaa ah mid aad u kacsan oo ay adag tahay in Switzerland. Laakiin 38 sano - tani ma aha da'da marka aad u dulqaadan karin hawada loo shaqeeyaha. Dhawr bilood ka dib uu u dhaco si ka post iyo booqashooyinka Geneva, Rome, Paris.

Abwaan filimka

In caasimada Faransiiska waxaa uu ahaa "shir dilaa ah" sida waxaa la odhan jiray Abwaan, naagtiisa mustaqbalka leh. Gabartaan, Elena Ustyuzhskaya, wuu yaraa, ee jacaylka iyo guurka noqotay in ay sugaan ah ilaa hal sano. In 1858, waxay guursaday oo u tegey St. Petersburg. Oo uu dooqday waxaa loo arkaa in ay ninkeeda ku abtirsan hoose mustaqbalka. Hoogay, ee arooska ahaa muddo kooban ah. Just laba sano socday ay farxad. Marka ugu horeysa, waxa ay hareeyeen dhibic Yakov la droshky. Waxa uu si weyn u dhaawacmay lugta, kaas oo siiyey ma nasan ilaa dhamaadka nolosha, oo wuxuu lahaa in la isticmaalo ulaha. Markaas dhinto lix bilood ina, iyo dhowr bilood ka dib, iyo naagtiisii. Halkan waxaa ku qoran Biography kooban Yakova Polonskogo la xiriira in uu guur ugu horeysay. Abwaan Wistful qarash gareyso ka bixiyo "shimbir badeed The" nafta maansadu, "waalli The walbahaar," "jacayl Haddii kaliya aad ...".

guurka labaad

royalties suugaanta ahaan wax aan macquul aheyn, Yakov Petrovich, iyo in ay ka shaqeeyaan guddi ka mid ah faafreebka shisheeye bilaabo. 6 sano ka dib markii ay burburtay oo uu guur ugu horeysay, uu dhaco jacayl Zhozefinu Ryulman. novel Tani waxay dhammaanaysaa guurka, kuwaas oo laba wiil iyo gabadh dhalan lahaa. Gurigiisa abuuray salon a suugaanta-muusikada, kaas oo Jimcaha waxaa laga sugayaa inay midabka Petersburg intelligentsia: gabayaaga, qorayaasha, composers, rinjiileyaasha, dhaleecayn. Waxaa jira nolosha dhaqan karaya caasimadda. In Biography this kooban oo Yakova Polonskogo in our soo bandhigidda waxa ay hadda soo socda in dhamaadka ah. In dabaal dagayay 50 guuradii kasoo hawsha suugaanta ee Polonsky waxaa la siiyay taaj oo kale ah oo lacag iyo Grand Duke Konstantin Romanov ka go'an gabay.

Romances erayadayda Polonsky

Romantic, oo isku dayaya in ay ka jawaabaan arrimaha dhaqan-siyaasadeed, weli maskaxda ku waxa uu la xidhiidhaa hindiga. Yakov Polonsky, kuwaas gabayo jeclaaday by composers Ruush badan, waayo, qaar badan ogaada, ugu horreeya oo dhan, in erayada, "My dab iftiinka, ayada oo". Halkan waxaa ku qoran liiska heesaha erayada, oo uu ilaa hadda-fog dhamaystirnayn on:

• laxamiistaha xeeraan Napravnik:

Birdie: "Waa ur beerta hawo nadiif ah",

Waltz "Ray of Hope";

Salaadda: "Our Aabbaha! baryada Wiilka: dhegta ... ".

• SV Rachmaninov:

Kulan: "Yesterday aan la kulmay ...";

Music: "Oo dabaasho iyo u koraan, kuwaas oo dhawaaqa yaab leh ...",

Dissonance: "doonista qaddar ha ...".

• AG Rubinstein:

Duma: "The dawanno xurmada leh noogu muuqataa ...";

Loss: "Markii ahi a-soociddiisa ...".

• PI Tchaikovsky:

"Ka baxsan, in flicker hooska".

By habka, Tchaikovsky Polonsky qoray buuga- ee opera "dacas The". Waxa intaa dheer in tiro yar oo ka mid ah heesaha ku qoran maqaalkan, kuu gudbin kara shuqullada Bunin in line ka gabay by J. Polonsky riday horyaalka ee mid ka mid ah sheekooyinka uu, kuwaas oo "In mid ka mid ah waddooyinka la yaqaan."

Polonsky ku geeriyooday da'da 78, waxaa lagu aasay meel u dhow Ryazan. Haddaba reburied ee Kremlin Ryazan ah. All gabayo Polonsky, Yakov Petrovich helay jawaab diyaar u ah ka mid ah saffarro iyo qarniyada soo socda ee Symbolists ah, gaar ahaan Blok. In times Soofiyeeti, ma ay soo saartay kasta (!) Of shaqo ka go'an in uu nolosha iyo shaqada. Haddaba takhasusay Ryazan gobolka si loo saxo xaaladda this by monographs soo saaray, articles, iyo buugaagta, kuwaas oo nagu soo celi Abwaan dulmiyo illoobay, ka tagay Dhaxalka farshaxanka weyn.