Zhozef lui Lagranzh - xisaabyahan ah, astronomer iyo injineer

cilmi badan ayaa waxay aaminsan yihiin in Zhozef Lagranzh ma aha Faransiis, iyo xisaab Talyaani. Oo iyana waxay qaban view this ma aha sabab la'aan. Ka dib oo dhan, cilmi mustaqbalka uu ku dhashay ee Turin ee 1736. In wiil baabtiiska waxa uu ahaa Giuseppe Ludovico. Aabbihiis qabtay xafiiska sare siyaasadeed at unit gacanta ku Sardinia ah, oo waxaa iska lahaa fasalka sharaf leh. Hooyada ka soo jeedaa qoys ka kooban dhakhaatiir yimid.

qoyska ee xisaabta mustaqbalka

Sidaa darteed, qoyska ugu horeeyay, taas oo uu ku dhashay Zhozef lui Lagranzh, waxay ahayd arrin hodanka ah. Laakiin aabbihii qoyska ahaa sirgaxan, oo haddana, ganacsade aad joogto. Iyo ugu dhakhsaha badan ay ahaayeen ayaa qarka u saaran burbur. In mustaqbalka, Lagrange muujinayaa fikrad aad u xiiso badan oo ku saabsan xaaladaha nolosha this wixii dhacay oo qoyskiisa. Wuxu qabaa, in haddii qoyskiisa sii waday in ay ku noolaadaan nolol hodan ah oo raaxo leh, waxaa macquul ah in Lagrange marnaba heli lahaayeen fursad ay ku xirayaan qaddar leh xisaabta.

Buuga, taas oo nolosha u soo jeestay

Ilmuhu kow iyo tobnaad oo waalidkiis ahaa Zhozef lui Lagranzh. Uu Biography, xataa saaraysa la odhan karaa waa guul, maxaa yeelay oo dhan walaalaha kale ee ku dhintay carruurnimada hore. Aabbaha Lagrange waxaa ku yaal in xaqiiqda ah in wiilka ku bartay sharciga. Lagrange qudhiisa hore aysan waxba ka qabin. Marka ugu horeysa uu bartay ee College of Turin, halkaasoo uu ahaa mid aad u xiiso luqadaha ajnabiga iyo xisaabta, halkaas oo mustaqbalka markii ugu horeysay ogyahay shuqullada Euclid iyo Archimedes.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa jira yimaado daqiiqad ku khaas ah markii ugu horeysay Lagrange dhaco isha shaqada Galileo ee xaq u leedahay "On habka gorfaynta macaashka." Zhozef lui Lagranzh cajiib xiiso kitaabkan - waxaa laga yaabaa in ay u soo jeestay oo dhan ee uu qaddar. Ku dhawaad isla, for a shareecada saynisyahan dhalinyarada iyo luqadaha ajnabiga ahaayeen hooska xisaabta.

Sida laga soo xigtay ilo qaar ka mid ah, xisaabta Lagrange madax banaan shaqeeyay. Sida laga soo xigtay dadka kale, uu ka qeyb galay dugsiga Turin fasalada. Horeba 19 sano (oo sida ay ilo qaar ka mid ah - 17) Zhozef lui Lagranzh ku hawlan waxbaridda ee xisaabta ee jaamacadda. Tani waxa ay ahayd sabab u ah xaqiiqada ah in ardayda ugu fiican ee dalka wakhtigaas fursad u helay inuu wax baro.

shaqo First: talaabadii Leibniz iyo Bernoulli

Sidaas, hadda ka dib xisaabta noqonayaa weyn dagaal Lagrange. In 1754 wuxuu arkay daabaco uu daraasad ugu horeysay. Saynisyahanka waxaa loogu tala galay in foomka of warqad u dei Talyaaniga saynisyahan Toschi Fagnano. Laakiin halkan Lagrange dhigaysa qalad. Anigoo aan lahayn hogaamiyaha sayniska iyo diyaariyo cuntada iyaga u gaar ah, markaas waa inuu ogaado, in uu cilmi baaris ayaa durba la sameeyay. gunaanad The waxa uu iska lahaa Leibniz iyo Johann Bernoulli. Zhozef lui Lagranzh xitaa ka cabsadeen eedeymaha Qishka. Laakiin cabsi waxay ahaayeen gebi ahaanba aan sal lahayn. Iyo ka hor xisaabta la filayo guulaha weyn.

Aqoon Euler

In sano ee 1755-1756 saynisyahan dhallinyarada u soo diray qaar ka mid ah naqshado yaqaan xisaab Euler, oo uu run ahaantii mahad. Oo 1759-m Lagrange isaga waxbarasho kale oo aad u muhiim ah soo diray. Waxaa la huray in siyaabo of xalinta dhibaatooyinka isoperimetric badan oo Euler dhibtooday muddo sanado ah. saynisyahan khibrad ahaa daahfurka ku faraxsanahay of Lagrange dhallinyarada. xitaa wuu diiday in la daabaco qaar ka mid ah horumarka ay duurka ilaa waqti sida Zhozef lui Lagranzh ma daabacaan ay shaqo u gaar ah.

In 1759, si ay u soo jeedinaya of Euler mahad, Lagrange ayaa noqday xubin ka mid ah ajnabiga ah Academy Berlin ee Sciences. Halkan Euler tusay trick yar, ka dib oo dhan, in uu doonayo in Lagrange noolaa sida ugu dhow ee suurto gal u tahay in la, iyo si saynisyahan dhallinyarada ahaa awoodaan in ay u guurto Berlin.

Shaqada iyo daal

Lagrange ku lug ma aha oo kaliya in cilmi-baarista ee beeraha ee xisaabta, makaanikada iyo xiddigaha. Waxa uu sidoo kale abuuray bulshada sayniska, taasi oo markii dambe u noqday Academy Royal ee Sciences of Turin. Laakiin qiimaha for xaqiiqda ah in Zhozef lui Lagranzh horumariyo tirada weyn ee aragtiyaha in goobaha dhabta ah oo noqday wakhtigaas xisaab ugu weyn iyo astronomer dunida, waxay bilaabeen inay roonaadaan niyad-jabka.

Bilow xusuusinayaa daal joogto ah. Dhakhaatiirta ee 1761 ayaa sheegay in aysan u socdaan in ay xil iska saaraysaa caafimaadka Lagrange ayaa haddii uu ma jabsadaan taarkan ee ay cilmi-baarista iyo ma xasilin jadwalka shaqada. Xisaabyahan ah ma muujiyaan is-doonista iyo raacitaanka talooyinka dhakhaatiirta. Caafimaadkiisa dejiyo. Laakiin niyad-jabka ma isaga tago ilaa dhamaadka nolosha.

Research in xiddigaha

In 1762, Academy Paris ee tartanka xiiso leh lagu dhawaaqay Sciences. In ay ka qaybqaataan waxaa lagama maarmaan ahayd in la siiyo shaqada on mooshin moon ee. Halkan Lagrange muuqato sida cilmi-astronomer. In 1763 taas u diraa in guddiga ay shaqada on libration ee Moon ah. Oo article laftiisa Gaaray Academy wax yar ka hor inta ay ka imanayaan Lagrange. Xaqiiqada ah in xisaabta lahaa in uu u safro London, inta lagu guda jiro oo uu si xun u xanuunsan oo lahaa inuu sii joogo Paris.

Laakiin halkan Lagrange helay lacagta weyn, maxaa yeelay, in Paris uu ahaa in ay bartaan culimada kale oo waa weyn awoodi - d'Alembert. In caasimadda ah ee France Lagrange uu helay abaal marinta ah ee uu cilmi baaris ku libration ee Moon ah. Oo abaalmarinta kale abaal scholar - laba sano ka dib, kii ayaa loo waxbarasho oo ka mid ah laba Satellite ee Jupiter.

xafiiska sare

In 1766 Lagrange soo laabtay Berlin iyo aad u hesho dalab si ay u noqdaan madaxweynaha oo ka mid ah Academy of Sciences oo madax ka ah waaxda ay of physics iyo xisaabta. Dad badan oo saynisyahano ee Berlin waxaa aad u diiran helay by Lagrange in ay bulshada. Waxa uu maareeyey in la dhiso saaxiibtinimada xoog leh xisaabyahannada Lambert ah, Johann Bernoulli. Laakiin bulshada this waxaa jiray leexinaaya. Mid iyaga ka mid ahaa Castillon, kuwaas oo ahaa soddon sannadood ka weyn yahay Lagrange. Laakiin ka dib markii a halka xidhiidhkooda hagaagtay. Lagrange guursaday Castiglione adeer magacaabay Vittoria. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ay guurka ahaa sidii madhalays oo ku faraxsanayn. Inta badan naag xanuunsan dhintay 1783.

Ledger saynisyahan

Total aqoonyahan qabtay Berlin muddo ka badan labaatan sannadood. The shaqo ugu wax soo saar waxa loo arkaa "Farsamoyaqaan Analytical" Lagrange. daraasaddan waxa ku qoran waqtiga maturity. Waxaa jira saynisyahano weyn yar, ka mid ah dhaxalkooda in ay leeyihiin lahaa shaqada aasaasi ah oo keliya. "Farsamoyaqaan Analytical" uu u dhigmo "bilowgii" ee Newton, iyo sidoo kale la "saacad pendulum" Huygens. Waxa kale oo la diyaariyey ee "The mabda'a Lagrange" caanka ah, magaca oo buuxa kuwaas oo - ". Mabda'a d'Alembert-Lagrange" Waxaa iska leh gudbikaraa oo ka mid ah isla'egyada guud ee dhaqdhaqaaqa.

U soo guurista Paris. mid marwalba nolosha

In 1787 Lagrange u dhaqaaqay Paris. Its qancay shaqada ee Berlin, laakiin waxay lahayd in la sameeyo, waayo sababta in xaaladda ajaanibta dhimashada Frederick II ka dib markii magaalada si tartiib tartiib ah uga sii daray. In Paris, oo lagu sharfayo dhagaystayaasha boqornimada Lagrange lagu qabtay, iyo xisaab xitaa helay guri ku yaal Louvre ah. Laakiin waqti isku mid ah ayuu ku bilaabmaa xumad aad u daran murugada. In 1792, saynisyahan a guursaday mar labaad, iyo hadda ururka ahayd farxad mid.

Dhamaadka uu cilmiga nolosha saartaa shaqo badan. shaqada ee la soo dhaafay, taas oo uu qorsheyneysa inay qaataan, wuxuu ahaa in dib loo eego "ayuu Farsamoyaqaan Analytical". Laakiin inaad tan samaysaan, saynisyahano ku guuldareystay. April 10, 1813 ku geeriyooday Zhozef lui Lagranzh. Soo xigtay isaga, gaar ahaan mid ka mid ah la soo dhaafay si uu naftiisa u sifaha: "waxaan sameeyey trick ka ... marna waan necbaaday qof oo wax shar ah sameeyey." Dhimashada cilmiga, sida nolosha, xawaal - Wuuna jeedsaday isagoo la dareen guulaysi socday.