Xisbiga Sooshal dimuqraadiga, August Bebel: Biography, qoreysa hawlaha iyo xaqiiqooyinka oo xiiso leh

Siyaasi iyo qoraa August Bebel ku dhashay February 22, 1840 magaalada Jarmal ee Cologne. Wuxuu ahaa ina sarkaalka miskiin ah oo aan u wakiishay. Aabbihiis dhintay cudurka qaaxada marka wiil aad u yar ahaa. hooyada dhinto dhaqaaqay iyadoo caruurta ee magaalada Hessian of Wetzlar. Waxaa August Bebel galay dugsiga.

formation

In 14 sano, SF mustaqbalka bilaabay barashada xirfadaha lathe. Isaga oo maalin socday 14 saacadood. In muddo gaaban oo lacag la'aan ah wiil dhalinyaro ah oo aan akhriyey badan oo, qaadashada buug ka dib markii buug. shuqulladiisa jecel yihiin tixaha ah "Robinson Crusoe" iyo "Kabiin Adeer Tom ee." buugga la soo dhaafay waxaa ka go'an in ay dhibaatada addoonsiga ee America. Sidaa darteed, xitaa waxaan carar ahayn dhadhan suugaaneed si cad u muujisay dhallinyarada Dulmi bulshada Bebel ah.

Baro, qoraa mustaqbalka noqday badan oo safarka. Gafkii hore waxay ku tuurtay in noocyo kala duwan oo meelo, laakiin ugu danbeyn, wuxuu degay Leipzig. Inta lagu guda jiro safarka August Bebel ayaa soo ururshay waayo-aragnimo in isaga qaabeeya sida qof. In ay ka shaqeeyaan sidii Svenneprøve safarka ah, oo wuxuu lahaa oo muddo dheer uu cadaanyo ba'an ee maamulka, kuwaas oo dhigay ka dib markii 1848 kacaanka.

Bilowgii hawlaha bulshada

Just marka August Bebel waxaa ku nool Leipzig (1860), oo dhan ee Germany ayaa la ogan nooleynta nolosha siyaasadeed. Kordhi in tirada weerarada iyo dibad ee shaqo la'aanta ah. carada ahaa xarun ma aha oo kaliya in Leipzig, laakiin sidoo kale Berlin iyo Elberfeld. Under xaaladahan, sida likaha ka dib markii roob bilaabeen inay ka baxaan ururada shaqaalaha. In 1861 Bebel Avgust biiray Waxbarasho xirfadeed ee Society.

Ururka ayaa sameeyey Turner caan ah. Wuxuu ma aha oo kaliya bartay wax badan, laakiin sidoo kale noqday fal caadiga ah ee dadweynaha. Soon Bebel waxaa ka mid ahaa in maamulka shirkadda. Laakiin hami uma ay oggolaan inuu sii joogo hawlaha waxbarashada. In 1866, Bebel, wada jir ah ula Vilgelmom Libknehtom aasaasay xisbiga Saxon ee. Isla mar ahaantaana siyaasi noqday guddoomiyaha Golaha ururrada shaqaalaha.

hantiwadaagga mabda'a

In booskiisa cusub August Bebel tegey isku daya in la International koowaad. Go'aankiisa sababay dood kulul ee xisbiga. Sidaas darteed, waxaa kala jabeen. In 1869, Bebel qabtay ee Social Democratic Party-shaqada cusub, taas oo uu noqday flagship oo ka mid ah fikradaha garabka bidix ee Germany. siyaasadda Activity ahaa mid aad u muhiim ah in taageerayaasha iyo kuwii la jiray oo dhan. Tani waa caddaynta ku yaraan xaqiiqada ah in Karl Marx loo arkaa isaga hogaamiyaha ugu caansan ee Jarmal Social Democracy ah.

Back ee 1867 doorashada ee Reichstag of North Midowga Jarmal ah, taas oo August Bebel loo doortay. siyaasadda Biography ayaa tusaale u ah nolosha qofka, ilaa iyo dhamaadka dagaalamaya aragtidooda. Oo ku dhex jira dagaalka ka dhanka ah reer France, Bebel siiyey hadalka dab ah oo uu ugu baaqay in ay nabad kula Faransiis ka dhigi, aawadood oo ah midnimo ee ka shaqeeya dalalka oo dhan. Waayo, afhayeenka this waxaa la isku dayay khiyaamo qaran sare. Ugu maxkamad Leipzig ee August Bebel xisbiga Sooshal dimuqraadiga, ayaa lagu xukumay laba sano oo xadhig ah.

cadaadis

In xabsi, wax badan oo ka mid ah siyaasadaha in aan naftayada barno, sidaas darteed xitaa uu xabsi, wuxuu ahaa awoodaan in ay qaataan lacagta. Soon Bebel la sii daayay iyo sii waday in ay u dagaalamaan xuquuqda shaqaalaha. In 1878 wuxuu ahaa laga saaray Leipzig noqday hooyo. Sababta xoogga cadaadis ahaa "Law Anti-SF." Dokumentigan, oo ay kala saxiixdeen Kaiser Wilhelm waan, mamnuucday hawlaha xisbiga garabka bidix ka baxsan Baarlamaanka.

Bebel bilaabay in ay ku noolaadaan Borsdorf. Waxa uu sii waday in ay u safraan dalka iyo si ay u qabtaan shaqada xisbiga semi-sharci, taas oo uu laba jeer ayaa lagu xukumay marna gaaban oo xabsi ah. Publication ah 70s iyo 80s. tusay kii August Bebel ka barta fikirka of view. Wuxuu ahaa taageeraha ugu weyin ee Karla Marksa iyo fikradaha uu soo bandhigay "Capital". Bebel horjeeda revisionism ee hantiwadaagga ah ka dibna Jarmal, ujeedadiisu tahay in dib loo eego ku salaysan cilmiga bidix.

"Naag iyo Socialism"

aphorisms tiro badan oo ka mida qaybaha Avgusta Bebelya noqday kuwa loo yaqaan for publications uu. shaqada ugu weyn oo ugu duwanyihiin qoraaga la oran karo waa buugga "Naag iyo Socialism," oo lagu daabacay 1878. Daabacaadan waxaa uu ahaa natiijo sannado badan oo shaqo ah. Back ee 1869 Bebel ahayd golaha baarlamaanka ugu horeeyey ee Reichstag ka soo kiciyey arrinta ilaalinta sharciga ah ee shaqada haweenka.

Author ee halganka proletarian in mucaaradka in ay hogaamin jireen haweenka. Sida laga soo xigtay Bebel, isagu marnaba aysan awoodin in ay uga takhalusi bulshada ee ku tiirsanaanta dhaqaale ee haweenka iyo dadka, shaqeeya haweenka addoonsiga, dhillaysiga iyo nacaybka galmo qoyska caadiga ah. Ujeedada ugu weyn ee hantiwadaagnimadu ee arrimahan qoraaga loo arkaa guusha ee sinaanta jinsiga. In buugga, qoraaga, on gacanta ku hal, ku tilmaamay taariikhda booska haweenka ee bulshada, oo dhinaca kale ah - sharaxay rabitaanka taageerayaashooda ee la xiriirta arrimaha dumarka. Buuga waxaa la daabacay in ka badan sannad ka dib markii ay "Law Anti-SF." Sidaa darteed, waxaa isla markiiba ka dib markii uu u saftay noqday noqday xukumada. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ka daabacaadan Bebel helay kordhaya oo kaliya in dadka.

antimilitarist

In 1889, waxaa la aasaasay by International Labaad. The hawlaha sano ee la soo dhaafay ee uu noloshiisa Bebel waxaa inta badan la xidhiidha ururkan. Ehelu dhaqdhaqaaqa Social Democratic-adduunka oo dhan isaga ku kalsoon tahay hawlaha ugu muhiimsan. Bebel, ruqsadaha caafimaadka, had iyo jeer ka qayb qaatay ee Congress of Caalamiga ah. Gaar ahaan Garaaci jiray qaab 1904 at kulan ee Amsterdam.

Oo 1907 ee Stuttgart Bebel mar kale, sida in sano ka yar, si xun u dhaleeceeyay taageerayaasha militarism. At shirweynaha ka soo qayb galay émigré Ruushka Vladimir Lenin. oo amiir u ahaa Bolsheviks, iyo sidoo kale Roza Lyuksemburg iyo Menshevik Julius Chaposhinkov sameeyey beddelka yar in xal Bebel ee, kaas oo uu ku heshiiyeen. nuqulka ugu dambeeya ee dukumeentiga ku baaqay in shaqaalaha in ay dhacdo khatar ku ah dagaal si ay u difaacaan fekerkooda hore ee maamulka u gaar ah, oo ay ku jiraan la isticmaalayo habab aan baarlamaanka ee halganka.

Geeri iyo dhaxalka

Bebel dhintay on August 13, 1913 in Passugge magaalada Swiss. Sida laga soo xigtay doonista siyaasadda, oo waxaa lagu aasay Zurich. On uu ka soo tagay ayuu u barooranayay ma aha oo kaliya in Germany, laakiin sidoo kale in wadamo badan oo kale oo dunida dacaladeeda ah. Baxyada ee xasuusta of hantiwadaag ah oo lagu qabtay Russia, America, iyo xataa Australia. Daafaca tacsiyadaha ah proletariat ayaa lagu daabacay in waraaqaha shaqada oo dhan.

About Bebel si ixtiraam qoto dheer Lenin iyo Bolsheviks kale la hadlay. Waxay ka codsaday in fikradda ah wax go'an kacaanka hantiwadaagga. Siyaasi waxay aaminsan tahay tallaabo hubaysan ka dhanka ah mas'uuliyiinta of baahida loo qabo in la joojiyo nolosha yar oo rumaysan in bidixda gaari karo dalabaadka iyaga oo adeegsanaya baarlamaanka. Intaas waxaa sii dheer, Bebel ka digay in maamulka si gaar ah u ugaadhsan xoogsatada in la gowraco gumeystaha, marka heerka fasalka incandescence bulshada Yurub uu gaaro xadka. Sababtan awgeed ama mid kale, laakiin dagaalkii koowaad ee aduunka runtii bilaabay kaliya sannad ka dhimashada hantiwadaagga caanka ah ka dib.