Weelasha shiraaca, noocyada iyo sifooyinka. Sailboats. sawir

Weelashii shiraaca horrayn ah (waa in lagu tilmaamay in this article) waxay ahaayeen in ka badan saddex kun oo sano ka hor ee Masar, iyo waa huuri ay daqal iyo isteerinka si toos ah seebabka a caadiga ah. Wax yar ka dib, moodooyinka sare leedahay in la sameeyo Phoenicians ah. Waayo, dhismaha, waxay isticmaali qoryo ah geed kedar Lubnaan iyo geed alloon. The dekedaha ee Foyiniinta ahaayeen shipyards, kaas oo soo saaray doon hal-masted ganacsiga iyo maraakiib dagaal oo dheeraad ah u qalabaysan. Qiyaastii V ee. BC. e. Navy horay Gariigta ah qadiimiga ah iyo Rooma. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, weelasha shiraaca badan oo u muuqday in Europe ee muddada daahfurtay juquraafi weyn. Waxay ahayd markaa awoodaha Yurub ugu awooda badan search of deegaanada cusub bilaabay in ay qalabeeyaan ciidamada badda ka wadaan in ay u safraan ma aha oo kaliya guud ahaan badda, laakiin sidoo kale adduunka oo dhan. Sayidka bilaabeen halganka qadhaadh for sarraynta ee badda, taas oo qeyb ka ah horumarinta firfircoon ee warshadaha Dhismaha maraakiibta ka.

weelasha shiraaca ee wakhtigan casriga ah

In waqtigeena, markii raxan dagaal qalabaysan ilaa technology ugu horeysay Maraakiibta awood ah, model shiraaca waxay bilaabeen inay in la isticmaalo ugu horayn loogu talagalay madadaalada. Inta badan shiraaca casriga kor yachts. In Europe iyo America, halkaas oo ay jiraan naadiyada isboortiga raaxada, regattas isboortiga waxaa sannad walba lagu qabtaa. Inta badan dhacdooyinka sida qayb galay yachts shiraaca.

Regatta - tartanka u dhexeeya shiraaca biyo ama weelasha ku dhibtoonaya.

Dhaqan ahaan, tartamada oo kuwaas waxaa lagu qabtaa America iyo England. Qaar ka mid ah regatta waa tartamada ugu weyn ee caalamiga ah, sida. "America ee Cup".

sailboats Qoondaynta go'aamiyey ku xiran caddaymaha iyo tooling. Hoos waxaa ku qoran noocyada ugu muhiimsan ee sailboats kala duwan.

Qoondaynta nooca shiraac

• Maraakiibta la shiraac square.

• Maraakiibta la shiraac lateen.

dhoofnay Square waxaa loo isticmaalay by Masriyiintii qadiimiga ah iyo Phoenicians. Waa shiraac ah sida trapezium ah, waxaa ku lifaaqan pgg siman. Maraakiibta la shiraac square si fiican u socda oo keliya, dabaysha ayaa ka, si ay si deg deg ah soo jiidasho leh bedelay on maxkamadda la shiraac slanting.

dhoofnay uugu waxa uu ku yaalaa dhinaca danbe ka dakhalka ah, oo ay ku lifaaqan ay ku laayeen hore. Markab oo shiraac slanting dhammaataan socdaan sidii dabayl oo cadaalad ah, oo dabayshii heerka af badan. Slanting shiraac, markeeda, kala qaybsan yihiin:

• Latin.

• Spritsail.

• jibs.

Qoondaynta by tirada ay daqal

•-hal masted dooni shiraac.

• doonni laba-masted.

• Mnogomachtovye raaxada.

Daqal - waa qayb ka mid ah in lagudo galo. Waa qaab toosan ee doonnida, oo caadi ahaan ay taageerayaan la isticmaalayo gaar ah iskala. Daqal inta badan been ka softwood.

Daqal ee wakhtigan casriga ah

In maraakiibta casri ah oo waaweyn in aadan haysan qalabka shiraac ah, munaarad laga badiyay ay shaqo aasaasiga ah iyo waxaa loo isticmaalaa ujeedooyin kale:

• Si aad u daran Beentoodii astaamihii qaran ee dalkooda (calanka iyo jubbad hubka).

• Si aad u daran Beentoodii sumadayn xaaladda ay iminka markabka (karantiil saarnaa dab on board, daloolin a, iyo D. wixii la mid ah.).

• Si aad u dhigay nalalka kala duwan ee calaamadaha.

• Si aad u rakibi qaar ka mid ah qalabka dhawaaqa digayaan.

• Si aad u bixiso cashuur State ee oo biyihiisu ay markan waa markabka. Dhajinta on daqal calanka qaranka ee dalka.

• Haddii uu jiro nin meyd ah on board, oo calaamad u ah baroor iyo baad ah oo uu xusuusta hoos u yar ixtiraam ah calanka qaranka.

noocyada kala duwan ee ay daqal

• foremast. Tani waa ay daqal ugu horeysay, tirinta qaanso ee doonnida.

• mainmast. Waa markii labaad oo noocan ah dhismaha sanka markabka. At weelashii laba-saddex-masted iyo weli waa mid aad u sarreeya.

• Mizzen-daqal. daqal The AFT, taas oo doon kasta waa ugu dambeeyay ee ka soo sanka.

Waa maxay noocyada gaadiidka biyaha la heli karaa?

Qoondaynta nooca shiraaca qolof:

• Wooden.

• caaga.

• Steel.

Qoondaynta maraakiibta shiraaca in tirada xaaladaha:

• qolof Single

• (Caruusadda shiraaca) double-hulled

• saddex-qayb (trimaran shiraaca).

Ugu dambeyntii, kala soocidda maraakiibta shiraaca, iyadoo ku xiran isticmaalka guushu ku ah:

• guushu doon (on maraakiibta sida isticmaali culus ay guushu ku, waxaa si weyn hoos ugu dhigi kartaa, miyigii oo markabka iyo hoos xarunta of cuf).

• dinghy (on doonyaha sida dhigay daggerboard gaarka ah, haddii loo baahdo, waxaa suurtagal ah in kor loo qaado iyo in la yareeyo qabyada ah ee markabka).

• doonni-tanaasul (ay isticmaalaan naqshado dhexe dhexeeya dinghy iyo naqshado guushu).

kala duwan oo weelasha

Waa in lagu qoro magacyada maraakiibta shiraaca.

AAK - yar oo weel hal masted oo salka guri, loogu talagalay in lagu dhibkeed yar.

Jilif - waa markab weyn, isagoo ka soo saddex ilaa shan daqal. Markabka ayaa waxaa guud ahaan ku qalabaysan dhoofnay a square, mid ka mid ah oo kaliya on daqal ee AFT slanting go'an.

Barquentine - Marine doon saddex-pyatimachtovy. Inta badan munaaradaha waxay leeyihiin shiraac uugu. Qaab dhismeedka sanka kaliya ayaa ku dhoofnay a square.

Brig - Markab laba-masted isagoo Riigga toos ah ay daqal ugu weyn oo jib oo ay daqal ku slanting Spritsail on shiraaqii.

Brigantine - fududahay weel laba-masted la slanting shiraac on the shiraac mainmast iyo square on foremast ah, noocan ah waxaa loo yaqaan Riigga isku qasan.

Galleon - mnogopalubnoe weel badda socda ballaaran leh a hub madaafiic xoog badan. Galleons ku Qaddarray for dheer gayanaya iyo dagaallada. Kuwani maraakiibta maraya ahaayeen Speed arrin in maneuverable ah iyo kor u dhigay in badan oo ka mid ah Isbaanish iyo raxan Ingiriisi ah.

Junk - weel laba-afar-masted alwaax, kaas oo inta badan loo isticmaalaa in Southeast Asia iyo ku Qaddarray for webiga ama xamuulka badda xeebaha.

IOL - isagoo Brig shiraac uugu oo ay daqal booska AFT dambeeya dhidibka isteerinka.

Caravel - saddex-afar-masted weel seagoing la Riigga kala duwan oo loogu talagalay gayanaya badda iyo gaadiidka xamuulka weyn.

Galera - sidaas loo yaqaan dhamaan doomaha-dhibtoonaya, waxay adeegsaday wakhtiyadii hore. Waxa intaa dheer in lagudo galo, wuxuu lahaa hal ama laba isku xigta ku dhibtoonaya.

Karakka - badan oo markab saddex-masted loo isticmaalo ujeeddooyin ganacsi iyo military. Markabka ayaa yeelan kara ilaa saddex tu iyo leedahay hub ciidan madfac cajiib ah.

KECh - a markab yar oo laba-masted. heshiis kala duwan ee dhidibka AFT ay daqal hore wheel.

Markabka - trehmachtovik military isagoo Riigga buuxa. Markab Classic waxaa la abuuray France ee qarnigii siddeed iyo tobnaad-iyo waa markab si fudud maneuverable gacmo wanaagsan.

Flutes - Markab badda wanaagsan shiraaca loogu talagalay ujeeddoyin gaadiidka ciidamada. Sababo la xaqiiqada ah in dhererka doonnidii waxay dhowr jeer ka weyn yahay ay width, flutes socon karin quruxsan dhow dabaysha, oo waxay isagii u dhiibay faa'ido weyn oo kale, weelasha yar maneuverable.

Sloop - doonni military saddex-masted hoos shiraac toosan. Waxa loo adeegsaday sida Raqiib iyo gaari.

Schooner - doon shiraac fudud, kuwaas oo lahaa ugu yaraan laba loox la shiraac slanting. Schooner waa mid aad u fudud si ay u maareeyaan. Waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa noocyo kala duwan oo gaadiidka ganacsiga.

raaxada

Markii hore doonni aadeen waa weelashii bay soomaan oo iftiin loo isticmaalo gaadiidka dadka sar sare. Ka dibna, doonni wuxuu bilaabay inuu magacaabo kasta motor-shiraaca, motor ama weel shiraaca ah, loogu talagalay ujeeddooyin dalxiis ama isboortiga.

The yachts ugu horeysay soo baxday qarnigii siddeed iyo tobnaad. Waxay ahaayeen degdeg ah oo ku filan iyo raaxo, in sababta dadka hodanka ah door bidaan noocan ah ee gaadiidka badda. doomaha Modern waa motor motor, taasoo u fududaynaysa in ay wadaan ee dekedda ku dhoofnay xawaare gaabis ah, xitaa inta lagu guda jiro xawaal buuxa. Waxay kala qaybsan yihiin ka saaciday inay (on board jiraan weliba qolalkii hoose), raaxo iyo tartanka.

Soo iibso dukaanka

Maanta, sailboats badan oo taariikhi ah mar dambe ka jira iyo ku hadhay oo kaliya on bogagga tixaha quudhin iyo sawirada ee majaladaha iyo buugaagta. Laakiin ma waxaa haboon inta badan kacsan. In dukaanka aad ka iibsan kartaa daydo ee shiraaca maraakiibta loogu talagalay Qurxinta mowduuc. Sidoo kale waxaa jira xirmooyin gaar ah oo ay buugagan u ah shirka reer maraakiibta shiraaca leh gacmahoodu sameeyeen. Waxaa xusid mudan in ururinta lagu daydo markab - taasi waa hiwaayad aad u madadaalo, Muqdsho ee Russia.

Doonniyaha ugu caansan oo u dhoofaysa halyeeyga, sawiro iyo daydo in ay yihiin caansan:

Jilif "Camal Fashay" - Markab this caanka ah ee James Cook, wixii uu uga dhoofeen oo aan la garaneyn halka ay xeebaha Australia iyo New Zealand.

"Neva" iyo "Hope" - laba sloops markii ugu horeysay ee taariikhda Ruush in circumnavigate dunida dacaladeeda.

"Prince" - Markab Ingiriisi ah in degtay ee 1854 ee Badda Madow ka dib markii duufaan musiibo. Caan ahaa ay sabab u tahay wararka xanta ah maalka godan, oo uu waday.

"Meri Rouz" - military flagship ah Ingiriisi King Henry Sideedaad ee, kuwaas oo si murugo leh in 1545 degtay.

«Great Republic» - clipper ugu weyn ee qarnigii sagaal iyo tobnaad, taas oo la dhisay by shipbuilder caanka Donald McKay.

"Ariel" - clipper British, ka dhigay caanka ah by xaqiiqada ah in 1866 ku guuleystay "tartanka shaah" caanka ah ee ka soo Shiinaha London.

"Adventure" - Markab ka mid ah mid ka mid ah burcad badeeda ugu caansan - Captain William Kidd.

gunaanad

Xilligii maraakiibta shiraaca ahayd waqti dhab ah xiiso u quudhin iyo hindiga. Maraakiibta socota illalintanada si qaybqaatay dagaalo badda badan, dhoofeen xeebaha carcar khasnadihii qiimo gaadiid, kuwaas oo xiriir la leh tiro badan oo ka mid ah halyeeyada. Doonniyaha noocan ah ka go'an in ay tiro weyn oo xagga shuqullada suugaanta. Iyada oo ku saleysan dhacdooyinka taariikhiga ah iyo sheekooyinka asalka ah ku lug leh moodooyinka aadeen sawiro filimada caanka tacabur badan.