Waa maxay tiyaatarka. History of Arts Theatre

Taariikhda farshaxanka masrixiyada ku bilaabay in Qarniyadii hore. Ka soo qaad wakhtigaas ka adkaaday addoonsiga iyo waxbarasho lahayn. Laakiin dadka ogaado waxa te'atradii. ka bixiyo a taariikhda aadanaha dheer, oo xididdada ay kor u sii kordhaya, ayuu galaa waxa qarsoon ee dad qadiimiga mass Umaad, merrymaking iyo ciidaha. Timi on this salaysan tallaabo caadiga aasaasiga ah maadda iyo nooca naxdin leh (sida Saturnalia, waxa qarsoon) ku jira xubno ka mid ah riwaayadaha (in design a mythological) goob ka mid ah qoob, wada hadal, songs qasiidooyinka, mummers, waji. Tartiib tartiib dhacay iyo tallaabooyinka-soociddiisa, waayo, saldhigyada diinta, go'doon ka ah chorus characters badnaa, diinta iid mass weyn oo kulanka soo abaabulay. All this jidka u bannaysay for ah ee jecel noocan oo kale ah oo dhan riwaayadaha ee suugaanta. Khasabka ah kala gogo'aan dhagaystayaasha iyo Actorada shaaca ka qaaday shaqo muhiim ah bulshada of this form tahay.

Nidaamkan waxaa si cad u muujiyay in masraxa ee Baydka Greece, taas oo uu saamayn weyn ku saabsan horumarinta firfircoon ee fanka Yurub. In ka-goboleedyada magaalada, oo wuxuu noqday madaxa nolosha bulshada muhiim ah. Waa maxay tiyaatarka ee Greece hore? Wakiilada ka dibna waxay ahaayeen iidda weyn oo caan ah. Ugu weyn, Amphitheatre ku toosaa samada furan hoos, socday tobanaan dhan kumanaan qof oo daawadayaal waweyn. Waxa intaa dheer in jilayaasha xirfadeed jira ciyaari karo baxay fikrad iyo muwaadiniinta - xubnood oo ka tirsan kooxda heesta laftiisa. Qoob ka ciyaarka iyo music ay muhiim, waxyaalaha ugu muhiimsan ee tallaabada.

Waa maxay tiyaatarka ee qadiimiga Rome? Waxaa hormariyey firfircoon martigeliso inta badan qaab, xataa beddelo nooca goobta, korodhay qalabka tiyaatarka xirfadeed, isagoo noocyo kala duwan oo qaab (music iyo lanooga qoob on maadooyin mythological - ticket ka, taas oo gaadhay in Zaman ee Boqortooyada magoolay, ilamaa 5 ee ugu. a sifayn masrixiyada ku caan ah).

masraxa Yurub ee qarniyadii dhexe ficil ahaan iska daayeen inay ka jiraan. Uilyam Shekspir iyo curiya yar qarnigii XV ah. waxaa soo noolaaday. Markaas, iyada oo aan marka laga reebo, door ee wiilasha iyo ragga. Atariishada ugu horeysay u muuqday in ay troupes Talyaani caanka ah ee ciyaartoyda strolling ciyaaray majaajilada ah "Ujeedada Carte" (play maadda yar oo ka qaybgalka ee qasabka ah waji ee characters).

dhaqanka dadka bini'aadamnimada ee Renaissance ee soo noolaaday xeerkii hore ee farshaxanka masrixiyada, iyaga isku dhaqan qani ku ah dad dhaxal ahaan qaranka. In ka plays ee curiya caanka ah ee Zaman ayaa muujinaya taariikhda ee isku dhacyada siyaasadeed iyo bulsho ba'an.

u kaca ee masraxa la xiriira faafinta firfircoon ee classicism, oo waa dal dadweynaha - xoojinta of qaar ka mid ah gumaysiga absolutist in qaar ka mid ah dalalka Yurub. jilayaasha hawl ahaa in la abuuro image adag ee geesiga Kii guulaysta ee halganka gudaha iyo soo gaareen khasaaro Caqiidadani u gaar ah oo u dhexeeya shuruudaha danaha dadweynaha iyo kuwa gaarka. Dhibaatooyinka Modern in muddo this heleen sidii qof an la taaban karin iyo guud weyn. Taasi waxa ay masraxa ee classicism.

In qeybtii labaad ee qarnigii 18aad, waxa ay noqotay afka ugu weyn ka mid ah fikradaha ganacsade si degdeg ah wax Nuurin la'aantiis. In farshaxanka oo ka mid ah jilayaasha dhalashada waqti wanaagsan la dhammaataan isku daro leh rabitaan xoog leh si ay u abuuraan a guud oo cusub, oo dulsaar ah in runta taariikhiga ah.

Nasjonalromantiske noqday hadafka ah tacsida dimuqraadi ah iyo hadafyada bini'aadamnimada. Under banner ee Zaman this ee riwaayadaha ka biloowday halganka halis ah la isaga qudhiisa classicism imitative - qaranka, historicism, aqoonsiga qaranka.

Xaqiiqo, taas oo loo diyaariyey by tiyaatarka kutub ah, ka dibna nasjonalromantiske, soo iibsaday a foomamka madax banaan hufan ee 30-40gg. 19. oo waxay gaadhay meel ugu sareeya xukuma by bartamihii qarnigii-.

In masraxa casriga sameeyaa ereygu wuxuu ahaa ee noocyo badan tahay, dhibaatooyinka bulsho iyo shucuur - Falanqaynta nafsi ah, aragti moral sare, gobolka dareenka of immediacy, isku halaynta iyo waayo-aragnimo yaab iyo ka saarida, lyrics iyo korhin. All of this yimaado ee isu-gaynta ugu dhiirato oo lama filaan ah. Waa maxay tiyaatarka of our time? Tani waa u janjeera in la cadeeyay in ay u soo dhowaan hawl sii kordhaya ee sanamyadii si loo badbaadiyo hab farshaxanka muhiim ah oo ay meaningfulness. Maanta, noocan oo kale ah tahay waa lagu fekeri karin oo aan agaasimaha. Sidoo kale ee muhiimka ah waxaa haatan design.