Waa maxay derin iyo sida loo rayi soo gaabiyay ah?

Moscow Art Tiyaatarka magacaabay ka dib markii M. Gorky - mid ka mid ah masraxa ugu caansan, caan ah oo caan ah ee dalkeenna. Agaasimaha farshaxanka waa Atariishada caanka ah Tatiana Doronin.

mat

Waa maxay mat? Tani waa mid ka mid ah tiyaatarada caasimadda. Dhammaan kuwo farshaxanka masraxa, dabcan, aqoon u leh, kuwaas oo warqado ku haysatay. Mat la asaasay 1898. asal ahaan waxay ahaayeen KS Stanislavsky iyo V. Nemirovich-Danchenko. jeer Tiyaatarka dhowr magaceeda bedelay. Marka hore waxaa la odhan jiray Art iyo masraxa dadweynaha, in 1901 helay magaca Art Moscow Tiyaatarka, oo noqday kuwa loo yaqaan Art Moscow Tiyaatarka ee 1919. Deciphering gaabiyey - Moscow Art Waxbarashada Tiyaatarka.

History of Tiyaatarka Dhalashada

June 19, 1897 at makhaayadda "Slavic Bazaar" ayaa kulan KS Stanislavsky iyo V. Nemirovich-Danchenko, kaas oo looga hadlay arrinta la abuuro tiyaatarka cusub in u hoggaansamaan lahaa in mabaadi'da ku saleysan taas oo ka shaqeeyey in Paris "Free Tiyaatarka" A. Antoine iyo tiyaatarka Berlin "Free Stage" O Brahma. Tani waa hab cusub oo jilitaanka, halkaas oo wax kasta oo ay tahay in la macquul ah, oo aan declamations pretentious iyo affectedness. Waxaa sidoo kale u malaynayeen in ay sameeyaan masraxa la heli karo, taas oo ah, in qiimaha tigidhka ahaayeen hooseeyo, iyo xubin kasta oo ka mid ah xoogsatada qaadan kartaa ilaa quruxda. Sidaas dadweynaha Art Tiyaatarka (derin) waxaa la abuuray.

In 1901, erayga "dadweynaha" ayaa laga saaray magaca sababtoo ah qiimaha tikidhada lahaa in la Koryeelo, Duma ay diideen in ay maalgaliyaan mashruuca, iyo wax daryeel waxaa ka mid ah la wareegay muwaadiniinta ugu taajirsan. Agaasimaha iyo tababare noqday VN Nemirovich-Danchenko, iyo KS Stanislavsky weheliso booska agaasime ee jagada agaasimaha sare. Hobollada Qaranka ahaayeen arday qorteen kuwaas oo bartay simaha la Nemirovich-Danchenko, iyo jilayaasha aan xirfad leh oo ciyaaray saarka ee Stanislavsky.

wax soo saarka ugu horeysay ee tiyaatarka ahaa musiibo ee Tolstoy ee "Tsar Fyodor Ivanovich", taas oo cadeeyay inuu yahay phenomenally guulaystay, oo si deg deg ah in jacaylka isku dhaceen daawadayaasha. Dhamaadkii 1898 waxaa soo qaaday meeshii "shimbir badeed" AP Ciyaar Chekhov, martigeliso taasi oo markii dambe u noqday halyeeyga. Tani waxay wax yar Teatrika cusub, asalka, geesi oo dhalaalaysa. Ilaa 1905, waajihid ka mid xiisa badan oo ay qorayaashu waxay ahaayeen saffarro ah te'atradii ku gaar ah: AK Tolstoy, AP Chekhov, AM Qadhaadh, H. Ibsen, oo ka dib ay soo biiray iyo qaab classical. In 1906, uu safar ugu horeysay dibadda u baxay inuu ka Hobollada Moscow Art Tiyaatarka (magiciisa kelmadaha layna siiyey by kor ku xusan).

dhismaha tiyaatarka

Mat gaabiyay mar ma u muuqday, markii hore waxaa la la'yahay xarafka "A" iyo masraxa la odhan jiray Art Moscow Tiyaatarka. Ilaa 1902 Hobollada ma leeyihiin dhismaha, iyo qaab tusay qol kiro ah oo leh qol 815 kursi. Dhig qaybood, dharka, akhriya iyo habee siminaarada waxaa jiray meel, oo sidaas daraaddeed waxaa loo baahnaa in la beddelo qolka. Funds for dhismaha ma ahaayeen sidii aan mat waxaa maalgeliyey gobolka iyo kirada bixisay mulkiilaha dhismaha. Waxaa uu ku jiro lacag ka ajuurada ka heshay iibka tigidhada iyo macaamiisha. Mid ka mid ah kuwa maal tiyaatarka, waxay ahayd Morozov caan ah, kuwaas oo markii dambe si buuxda u la wareegay maalgelinta of Art Moscow Tiyaatarka. Waxa uu daryeelo oo ku saabsan heshiiska dhismaha cusub, ay dayactir iyo qalab. In xagaagii 1902, si sax ah saddex bilood ka yar masraxa la dhiso gurigii Lianozov halkaas oo shirkadda u dhaqaaqay dayrta ee 1902. In dhismaha cusub ee hoolka waxaa loogu talagalay 1,200 daawadayaal, goobta waxaa lagu qalabaysan ujawaab ah, oo wuxuu hoos dhigay dukaamada capacious for qurxinta. daah waxaa loo sameeyey by saraysa halkii bararka iyo Uhurru Astaanta caanka ah ee Art Moscow Tiyaatarka - shimbir badeed ah, kuwaas oo ka fejicisay kor hirarka.

xilligii Soviet

Tan iyo 1906 te'atradii ku bilaabay babac jeer oo sabab u ah khilaaf ka dhaxeeya Stanislavsky iyo Nemirovich-Danchenko. Sidaas darteed, ay diideen in ay wada-saarka, inkastoo farqiga ma ahayn in ay ururka hal abuur leh. In 1919, Hobollada Qaranka ee, kuwaas oo u tegey on safar guud ahaan magaalooyinka gobolka, ka go'ay Moscow sababtoo ah Dagaalkii Sokeeye, oo waxaa lagu qasbay in ay dibadda aadaan, iyo kaliya in 1921 ay awoodaan in ay soo laaban jiray.

In 1920 masraxa la salaan kal rank ee tacliimeed, iyo halkii muuqday mat gaabiyay derin.

1922 waxaa lagu calaamadeeyay by xaqiiqada ah in qayb ka mid ah Hobollada Qaranka ee jilayaasha, madax K. Stanislavsky, labadii sano ee la kormeeray Europe, go'aansadeen in ay dibadda joogaan, inuusan dooneynin inuu ku laabto USSR. In 1923, Vladimir Nemirovich-Danchenko lahaa habeynta ah ee Hobollada Qaranka ee, sida K. S. Stanislavsky rumeysan yahay in Actorada ayaa laga badiyay nafta, mar dambe ma ay doonayaan in ay horumariyaan, aad wax mashquul, dhaceen, khidmadaha waaweyn oo waxaan noqday mid aad isku kalsoon. jilayaal badan ayaa la bedelay cusub oo dhallinyaro ah, in ay ahayd wadadii uu horumarinta Art Moscow Tiyaatarka.

waajihid meesha ugu weyn ee loo qaaday by curiya play waqtiga, inkastoo qaab classical ayaa sidoo kale ka dhacay, oo ku salaysan qaab waxay ahaayeen cusub. The qaab ugu caansan ee xilligii ahaayeen "Days ee marawaxadaha", "gawaardia Tareen 14-69", "Maalinta Crazy ama Guurka ee Figaro." In 1930, faraqa u dhaxeeya Vladimir Nemirovich-Danchenko iyo KS Stanislavski gaadhay xadka, iyo in 1934 ka tagay Moscow Art Tiyaatarka Stanislavski.

In 1932 te'atradii ku ahaa magaca Maksima Gorkogo la siiyey, in waxaa waajib ku ah in ay ka mid in waajihid shuqulladiisa.

dhimashada VN ka dib markii Nemirovich-Danchenko Moscow Art Tiyaatarka orday Council Arts ah.

In 1950-1960 sano ah te'atradii ku jiray dhibaatada, la'aanta ah ee agaasimaha a weyn ee keentay in xaqiiqda ah in agaasimayaasha waxay isku ahaayeen jilayaasha, iyadoo ay sabab u intooda badan riwaayadaha waxay ahaayeen raaxaystaan, dhagaystayaasha uusan ku filnayn, caan ku dhacay, iyo cadownimada wadajir ah boqor ku ahaa.

In 1970, golaha farshaxanka waxaa loo doortay inuu post agaasimaha sare O. Efremov, oo wax neefsadaa nolol cusub te'atradii, martigeliso taxane ah oo qaab fiican, Hobollada Qaranka ee lala simay. Marka ay timaado in dadka Art Moscow Tiyaatarka ee. Waxa kaliya ee uu ka adkaan kari waayeen - waa xaaladda kooxda, taasoo ugu danbeyn keentay in xaqiiqda ah in ay jirto kala Hobollada ah oo wuxuu galay 2 xeryaha, kuwaasoo mid walba uu lahaa waajihid u gaar ah iyo agaasimaha.

Moscow Art Tiyaatarka. AP Chekhov

Soon dhegay in Hobollada badhkiis waxaa loo beddelaa laba tiyaatar oo kala duwan, oo ay sabab u tahay in Moscow waxay ahayd laba Moscow Art Tiyaatarka. Mid kasta oo ka mid ah ay hogaamiyaha u gaar ah. Waa maxay Art Moscow Tiyaatarka magacaabay AP Chekhov? Tani waa mid ka mid ah laba saalo, soo sameeyey kala ah. Tiyaatarka magacaabay AP Chekhov by Oleg Efremov keentay. In 2000, uu dhintay ka dib, oo wuxuu noqday madaxa Oleg Tabakov, haystaha xafiiska maanta. Thanks isaga si, cusboonaaday waajihid ah, kaas oo ku salaysan shuqullada classical hadda jira. Oo weliba wuxuu cusboonaysiiyey shirkadda. Maanta, ka mid ah jilayaasha ah te'atradii ku jiraan magacyada caanka ah sida K. Habensky, M. Porechenkov iyo kuwo kale oo badan. In 2004, magaca ah te'atradii ku waayay warqad "A", taas oo macnaheedu yahay "tacliineed", iyo hadda waxa la yidhaahdaa waa Moscow Art Tiyaatarka ee la odhan jiray ka dib markii Chekhov. Inkastoo magaca rasmiga ah ma beddelmin, waxaa la bedelay kaliya on boodhadhka ka. Taas oo maanta ah (sida turjumay) mat? The la mid ah sida ka hor ah te'atradii ku burburtay - Moscow Art Waxbarashada Tiyaatarka. Waxay ku taalaa ee haadka Chamberlain ah.

Tiyaatarka Doroninoj

Waa maxay Moscow Art Tiyaatarka ee la odhan jiray ka dib markii M. Gorky? Tani tiyaatarka labaad, ka dib markii la aasaasay kala ah sanadkii 1987. Oo isna wuxuu u kaalinta Tatiana Doronin. Sidee taagan Art Moscow Tiyaatarka magacaabay ka dib markii M. Gorky? Jawaabtu waa mid aad u fudud: Moscow Art Waxbarashada Tiyaatarka ee la odhan jiray ka dib markii Maksima Gorkogo. Waxay ku taalaa on Tverskoy Boulevard. Mat socda T. Doronina dhaqmayso dhaqanka oo yeelatay in Zaman ee Stanislavsky. Masraxa waa xabbadood classical la soo celiyo toosiyaan Nemirovich-Danchenko. Astaanta Moscow Art Tiyaatarka ee la odhan jiray ka dib markii M. Gorky waa Serdan Cam ayaa ka dul dhaqdhaqaaqayay hirarka.

School-Studio

Waa maxay Moscow Art Tiyaatarka School-Studio? Tani waxay hay'adda tacliinta sare, kaas oo u furan yahay Tiyaatarka ee la odhan jiray AP Chekhov. Halkan diyaariyaan jilayaasha mustaqbalka, agaasimayaal, iyo soo saarayaasha. dugsiga studio Open ahaa 1943 on hindisaha of Vladimir Nemirovich-Danchenko. 6 bilood uu dhintay ka dib, dugsiga waxaa la odhan jiray ka dib. Tani tiyaatarka college waa mid ka mid ah ugu caansan oo caan ah ee dalka, waxaa jira waa mid aad u adag tahay in la sameeyo, sababtoo ah tartan weyn. Tusaale ahaan, in waaxda simaha tartanka ku saabsan tahay 30 qof oo ku nool meel. Waxaa ka mid ah ka qalin of Art Tiyaatarka School Moscow ee loo magacaabay ka dib markii VN Nemirovich-Danchenko, tiro badan oo ah jilayaasha caanka ah: L. Bronevoy, E. Evstigneev, T. Doronin, O. Basilashvili, A. Filozov, Vladimir Vysotsky, N. Karachentsov, E. Proklova, kubada A, Mironov iyo kuwa kale.

waajihid The of Art Moscow Tiyaatarka magacaabay ka dib markii M. Gorky

dhagaystayaasha, ugu yaraan hal mar soo booqday Art Moscow Tiyaatarka, warcelin ugu fasaxa qayb aad u xamaasad leh. Sidaas darteed, erayada jaceylka ka dhawaajisay in cinwaanka Actorada, agaasimayaal, qurxiyeyaasha. At ah te'atradii ku jira riwaayadaha xiiso leh, labada classical oo casri ah, taas oo, in kiisaska intooda badan, waxaa aad u caan ah oo leh dadweynaha. In waajihid waxaa kale oo jira qaab loogu talagalay carruurta, taas oo waa la booqan karaa qoys ahaan.

Maanta, ka mid ah waxyaalaha ka soo baxa waa mid aad u caan ah:

• "Blue Bird";
• "Soldier Chocolate";
• "Master iyo Margarita";
• "Romeo iyo Juliet";
• "Vaudeville Ruush";
• "Hamlet";
• "Vassa Zheleznov" iyo kuwo kale oo badan.

Ka dib markii reading this article, ninna waa su'aal lahayn, sida taribuunka (sida turjumay) derin.

shirkadda

Si aad u taariikhda, masraxa waa in ka badan 60-wadeennada. 18 iyaga ka mid ah waxay leeyihiin horyaalka ee "Faneed ee sharafta Russia" iyo 13 - horyaalka ee "Faneed Dadka of Russia".

Sidaas maanta u muuqda in uu noo derin, deciphering xuruufta oo u eg "Moscow Art Waxbarashada Tiyaatarka."