Waa maxay Church Orthodox ah?

Inta badan maqla erayga ah "Greek-Catholic Orthodox Orthodox Church." Ayaa waxay dhalinaysaa su'aalo badan. Sida ay Church Orthodox noqon karaa mid ka mid ah oo waqti isku mid ah Catholic ah? Ama erayga "Catholic" waxaa loola jeedaa wax aad u kala duwan? "Asal raaca" ereyga waxaa sidoo kale aan si fiican loo fahmin. Waxay waxaa laga codsadaa in Yuhuudda, si dhow ula raacay in uu nolosha ka mid ah xeerarka Tawreed, iyo xataa tan iyo fikradaha cilmaani ah. Tusaale ahaan, waxaad maqli karo ereyga "asal Markis". Isla mar ahaantaana in English iyo luuqado kale Western, "Church Orthodox ah" uu macnihiisu yahay "Orthodox". Waa maxay sir ah halkan ma joogaa? Waxaan isku dayi doonaa si loo caddeeyo keennaa la xiriira Church ee asal raaca (Orthodox) ee qodobkan. Laakiin waxaad u baahan tahay in marka hore si cad u qeexaan shuruudaha.

Galku iyo orthopraxy

Ciise wuxuu ku yidhi xertiisii: "Waxa uu kii amarradaydii qaybsada, iyo noolaadaan sida iyaga, waxaan loo ekaysiinayaa nin caqli leh oo gurigiisa ka dul dhisay dhagaxa. Oo kii la wadaago amarradii, laakiin waxa aanu samayn ma iyaga, waxaan loo ekaysiinayaa nin doqon ah oo gurigiisa a on ciid dhistaa "(Mt 7 :. 24-26). In weedhani waxa ay leedahay in la sameeyo galku iyo orthopraxy? Labada shuruudaha ku jira ee orthos erayga Giriigga ah. Waxaa loola jeedaa "midig, si toos ah, xaq." Haddaba ka fiirsada farqiga u dhexeeya galku iyo orthopraxy.

Erayga doxa Greek oo macnaheedu yahay "opinion, waxbaridda." A "praxia" kulmay muddada Ruush "hawlaha dhaqanka." In light this, waxa uu noqonayaa mid iska cad in galku ka dhigan tahay cilmiga saxda ah. Laakiin waxaa ku filan yahay? Kuwa maqlaa iyo wadaaga cilmiga Masiixa la odhan karaa asal raaca. Laakiin in kaniisaddii hore, diiradda ma ahaa on cilmiga saxda ah, iyo saaraan sida loogu dhaqmayo oo ah amarrada - "nolosha xaq ah." Si kastaba ha ahaatee, marka la gaaro dhamaadka qarnigii saddexaad u noqday aasaasay xeerkoodu, waxaydin diinta. Church Orthodox ayaa noqday meel ay muhiimad waa kala waxbaridda run, "ammaanta midig ee Ilaah." Oo waxa ku saabsan qaynuunnada? Orthopraxy bartey si tartiib tartiib ah u laabteen. u hogaansanaanta Joogto dhammaan shuruudaha Church fikirka taariikh muhiim cadaato.

Galku iyo heterodoxy

Sida aynu hore u soo sheegnay, muddada u muuqday in Masiixiyaddu dhamaadka qarnigii saddexaad. Waxaa loo isticmaalaa by apologists, oo ay ku jiraan Evseviem Kesariyskim. In uu "History of Church ah," qoraaga loola jeedaa Clement ee Alexandria iyo Irenaeus of Lyons "ergooyinkii-galku." Iyo sida ugu dhakhsaha badan ereyga waxaa loo isticmaalaa sida Erayo ah in ereyga "heterodoxy" ah. Waxaa loola jeedaa "caqiido kale". All views in kaniisadda ma ay qaadan in ay xeerkoodu, waxaa la diiday sida dhaxaltooyo. Tan iyo markii guddiga waqti Justinian ee (VI c) Erayga "asal raaca" waxa loo adeegsadaa arrin si ballaadhan. In 843, ayaa kiniisaddii go'aansaday on Sunday ugu horeysay ee deymin u bixiyey Maalin guuleed ee Asalraacnimadu.

caqiido kale Christian, xitaa haddii kuwa raacsan ay adamantly raaco Ciise amarradayda oo aad yeeshaan, waxay ahaayeen axkaamta in katedraalka. Heterodoxy ah ayaa bilaabay in loogu yeedho faasiqnimo. Raacsane madaahibta Christian sida eryan hay'adaha cadaadiyo saxaafadda sida xaalkaas iyo Synod. In 1054, waxaa jiray kala kama dambays ah u dhexeeya bari iyo galbeed ka tilmaamaha Masiixiga ah. Ereyga "Orthodox Church" noqday kuwa loo yaqaan cilmiga Wadaad of Constantinople.

Catholicity - waa maxay?

Masiix wuxuu xertiisii ku yidhi, in "meeshii laba ama saddex qof ay soo ururiyeen magacayga, halkaas anigu iyaga ka mid doono" (Matayos 18:20.). Taas macnaheedu waa in kaniisadda waa meel kasta oo ay jiraan ugu yaraan mid ka mid ah, xitaa bulshada ugu yar. "Catholicity" - eray Giriig ah. Waxaa loola jeedaa "eegno guud", "universal." Halkan waxa kale oo aad xusuusan karin axdiga in Ciise siiyey rasuulladii uu: ". Tag, wacdiyo quruumaha oo dhan" In dareenka juquraafi, catholicity macnaheedu yahay "dunida".

Si ka duwan casriga ah ee kaniisaddii hore, diinta Yuhuudda, taas oo ahayd diinta qaranka Yuhuudda, Masiixiyada sheegay in si ay u daboosho oikoumene oo dhan. Laakiin miday ee catholicity lahaa macnaha kale. qayb kasta oo ka mid ah kiniisadda lahaa tirada buuxda oo quduusnimada oo dhan. Taas waxaa la wadaago by labada dhinacba Masiixiga ah. Church Roman ayaa la odhan jiray Catholic (Catholic). Laakiin iyada xeerkoodu sheegtay in awood sarreeya baadari sida vicar Masiixa dhulka. Greek-Catholic Orthodox Church, sidoo kale, sheegtay in uu ku faafay dunida oo dhan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, inkastoo madaxa waxaa ka mid ah, oo ahayd in awowe, kaniisadaha deegaanka leeyihiin xornimada dhamaystiran midba midka kale ka.

Galku iyo galaya

All madaahibta Christian by sheegashada qeexitaanka si ay u faafiyaan diintooda dalka oo dhan, eegeyn xiriir qaranka ee Mu'miniinta ah. Dareenkan, Asalraacnimadu, soo galaya iyo Protestant-kala tagsan yihiin. Waa maxay Ruush Orthodox Church ee? Arrintan waa in la siiyo fiiro gaar ah. Laakiin hadda waxaan diiradda saari doonaan arrinta of farqiga u dhexeeya Orthodox iyo kaniisadaha Catholic.

Ka hor bilowgii Millennium labaad, ma aysan ka jirin haba yaraatee. Sidaa darteed, ka apologists ee qarniyadii ugu horeeyay ee diinta kiristaanka, reerahooda oo ahaa dadkii Church iyo quduusiinta, kuwaas oo ku noolaa ilaa 1054 (kala final), sharfay sida ku soo galaya iyo Asalraacnimadu. Tan iyo dhamaadka ama kunkan sanadood ee hore ee curia Roomaanka ayaa sheegtay in awood dheeraad ah iyo in ka badan oo doonayay in ay cabudhinayo inta kale ee bishopric ah. Geedi socodka la cayrsho diidniintayda ah labada dhinac ee khilaaf weyn, iyadoo ay sabab u taasoo ah Pope iyo Wadaad of Constantinople loo yaqaan mid kasta oo mucaaradkiisa kale. Tan afraad Lateran Council of Church Roman uu go'aamiyey xagjir ah sida kufaar ah.

duwidda

In asal Church Orthodox, iyo sidoo kale in galaya, muhiimadda weyn la siiyaa sacrament ee duwidda. Ereygan, sida erayo kale oo badan oo diimeed, ka timaada luqada Giriigga. xaflad quduuskadhigidda korna nin si sharaf wadaadnimada, isaga nimco siiyaa ee liturgia Quduuska ah iyo xaq u leeyahay inuu Ruuxa ka dhigi.

Waxaa la rumeysan yahay in ay Church of Ilaah Rabbiga aasaasay on maalintii Bentekoste. Markaas rasuulladii ka buuxsamay Ruuxa Quduuska ah. Oo sidii amarka iyaga lagu soo dhiibay by Masiix, markay tageen si ay geesood kala duwan ee Dhulka in uu iimaanka cusub oo ku wacdiyaan "luqadood oo dhan." Markaasay rasuulladii waxay maray nimcada Ruuxa Quduuska ah si ay u danbeeyey ay dhex saarin on gacmahayga.

Ka dib markii khilaaf weyn oo ka mid ah kiniisadda of Catholic iyo Orthodox Kaniisadaha ee "Eucharist aan sheegay." In uu yahay, iyagu ma ay aqoonsan soo horjeeda gaar sacrament wax ku ool ah. "Wehelnimada Qayb" la gaaray kadib markii Vatican II dhexeeya kaniisadaha. Sidaa darteed, mararka qaarkood, waxaa la siiyaa diimed waxay si wadajir ah.

Sidee ahaa Church Orthodox Ruush

Dhaqanku waxa uu sheegayaa in dalalkii Slavic wacdiyey iyo faafin Masiixiyada Rasuulka Andrey Pervozvanny. Ilaa dalka, halkaas oo Federation Ruush uu haatan yahay, waxa uu ma hoos iman, laakiin baabtiisay qof oo ku nool Romania, Thrace, Macedonia, Bulgaria, Greece, Scythia.

Kievan rus qaatay diinta kiristaanka muunad Greek. Wadaad Constantinople Nicholas II Hrisoverg amreen horeysay weynta Michael. Dhacdadani waxa ka dhacay 988, inta lagu guda jiro boqortooyada Prince Vladimira Svyatoslavovicha. Muddo dheer, Metropolitan ee Kyiv rus 'hadhay oo hoos timaad maamulka Orthodox Church ee Giriigga.

In 1240, waxaa jiray ku duulaanka ah Tatar-Mongol sawirtay. Metropolitan Yuusuf ayaa la dilay. Uu, Max, carshigiisu wuxuu yaal Vladimir on Klyazma ee 1299 Oo dhaxla uu Masiixa ku dhaqaaqay, in kastoo, iyo isu yaqaan "ee Metropolitan ee Kiev", dhab ahaantii, ku noolaa dhulka princedom Moscow ee. In 1448, waxaa jiray dissociation buuxda oo ku dhacay dilal Moscow ee Kiev go'aanka Golaha, kaas oo predominated kiniisaddu Ryazanskiy Iona, isaga qudhiisu wuxuu naadiyey "Metropolitan ee Kiev" (laakiin dhab ahaantii - Moscow).

Kiev iyo Moscow Patriarchate - waxaa ku jira farqi?

Dhacdadan ayaa ka tagay dhacdo aan barakadii uu ka Wadaad of Constantinople. Toban sanno ka dib, Golaha ku xiga ayaa si cad u muujiyay sida uu askartii dhameystiran ka Kiev. bedelka Yoonis, Theodosius, wuxuu noqday yaqaan "Metropolitan ee Moscow iyo Dhamaan Weyn ee Russia." Laakiin tani unit diinta-dhuleed sida ugu badan ee ka mid ah boqol iyo afartan sannadood ma aqoonsana kiniisadaha kale Orthodox oo waxba ma ay galaan waxa ay la hadli.

Kaliya ee 1589 , Wadaad of Constantinople aqoonsan autocephalous (madaxbannaani laabta of Church Orthodox ka) ee Metropolitan ee Moscow. Oo waxay noqotay ka dib markii qabashada Constantinople by taxnaa. Wadaad Ierimiya labaad Tranas at martiqaad ee Boris Godunov in Moscow yimid. Laakiin waxaa ka leexatay in guests awood u leeyihiin inay ku qasabto qofna siin degaanka aqoonsan yahay madaxa kiniisadda Metropolitan ah. Ka dib markii lagu hayo lix bilood oo xabsi, Yeremyaah qaatay Metropolitan ee Moscow ee aynu ka soo farcannay ah.

Later, iyadoo sidii loo xoojin lahaa kaalinta Russia (oo hoos isku mar of Constantinople sida xarunta of Eastern Masiixiyada) noqday nimo quraafaad ah ee Rome Saddexaad. Moscow Patriarchate, inkastoo uu qayb ka mid ah Church Orthodox ee xaflad Greek ahaa, wuxuu ahaa sheegashada in ay kuwo kale SARRAYNTA. Wuxuu ka dhigay baabiiyo of Metropolis Kyiv ah. Laakiin haddii aadan tixgeliyaan jahawareerka ka duwidda oo ka mid ah Wadaad of Moscow, marka la eego Diinta kaniisadaha, kuwaas oo aan waxba ka midba midka kale ha ku kala duwan yihiin.

Dogmas, kala Asalraacnimadu iyo galaya. Filioque

Maxaa fidinayso Orthodox Church? Dhab ahaantii, idinkoo xukumaya by horyaalka, at qalbiga geliya ah "xaq u leedahay inaad Ilaah u ammaanaan." Its xeerkoodu wuxuu ka kooban yahay laba qaybood oo waaweyn: Kitaabka Quduuska ah iyo Dhaqanku Quduuska ah. Haddii hore oo kale waa cad yahay - waa ka Hore iyo Axdiga Cusub, ka dibna waa waxa labaad? Tani waxay go'aan ka mid ah Golayaasha Ecumenical ah (ka hore in khilaaf weyn, ka dibna kaliya kiniisadaha Orthodox), nolosha quduusiinta. Laakiin document ugu weyn ee loo isticmaalo hawl haya ee, waa Caqiido Nicene ah. Waxa uu qirtay inuu Council Ecumenical ee 325. Later, Church Catholic ka qaatay cilmiga Filioque, ayaa sheegay in Ruuxa Quduuska ah ka soo baxa ka ma aha oo kaliya Ilaaha Aabbaha ah, laakiin Wiilka, Ciise Masiix. Galku ma aqbalo mabda this, laakiin qaybsada Saddexmidnimada qaybin karo.

caqiido

Greek Orthodox Church barayaa in nafta la badbaadin karaa oo kaliya in ninkeeda laabta. qof ayaa marka hore - aaminsan in Ilaah keliya iyo sinaanta ee dhammaan dadka Saddexmidnimada. Diinta dheeraad ah caabudaa Masiixa, abuuridda in bilowga waqti, ayaa yimid dunida iyo jidh galay in nin kan iskutallaabta lagu qodbay in ay gudo dembi asalka, sarakicidda iyo Maalinta Qiyaame soo socda for. Church waxa uu barayaa in ay wadaadka ugu horeysay Ciise. Oo sidaas daraaddeed, iyadu waa quduus, oo mid, Catholic oo aan iin lahayn. Ugu dambeyntii, uu aamino ee xurmayn ee walxood oo la ansixiyay Golaha Ecumenical todobaad ah.

diimed

Church Orthodox ayaa heysta cibaadada inaad shiddaa Byzantine (Greek). Waxaa presupposes jiritaanka iconostasis xidhan, kaas oo lagu sameeyaa sacrament ee Eucharist ah. Wadaagis canjeero aan sameeyaa, oo prosphora (kibis khamiir leh), oo khamrigii (doorbidayaa Cahors). dabaal Afika ka kooban yahay afar wareegyada: maalin kasta, maalmaha shaqada ah, go'an iyo sanadkii dhaqaajin karo. Laakiin qaar ka mid ah Church Orthodox (tusaale ahaan, Antioch iyo Ruush Orthodox dibadda) la qarnigii labaatanaad bilaabay in ay isticmaalaan xaflad ka Latin. Adeegyada waxaa lagu qabtaa version Synodal ee Old Church Slavonic.

Ruush Orthodox Church

Ka dib markii Kacaanka Oktoobar, Patriarchate Moscow waa in a isku dhacyada soo qaadanin iyo sharci dheer la Constantinople. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ka Church Orthodox Ruush waa beesha ugu weyn ee diinta. Waxaa la diiwaan sida unug sharci, iyo in 2007 ay dawladdu u wakiishay inuu siiyo hantida oo dhan ee ujeeddooyinka diineed. ROC ayaa sheegtay in ay "dhulka soo qaadanin" fidiyaa dhammaan Jamhuuriyadda Soviet hore ee Armenia iyo Georgia mooyee. Waxaa la ma aqoonsan by Church ee Orthodox ee Ukraine, Belarus, Moldova, Estonia.