Volcano ugu qatarta badan dunida ee: Magaca, sharaxaad, goobta iyo xaqiiqooyinka oo xiiso leh

Maanta oo ku saabsan dusha sare ee dhulka ku saabsan yahay 600 marno firfircoon iyo 1000 bakhtiyeen. Intaas waxaa sii dheer, iyaga qarinayaan ka yar oo biyo ah oo ku saabsan 10 kun oo xataa. Inta badan oo iyaga ka mid yihiin ku taalla isgoyska of taarikada tectonic. About 100 marno yihiin hareeraha Indonesia, dhul ka mid ah dalalka reer galbeedka ee Maraykanka, waxaa jira ah oo ku saabsan 10, kooxdu waxaa ka mid ah marno ayaa sidoo kale sheegay in meesha of Japan, Islands Kuril iyo Kamchatka. Laakiin oo dhan iyaga ka mid ah - wax la mid megavulkanom, oo cilmibaadhe oo ka cabsan ugu marka la barbar dhigo.

The marno ugu halista badan

Ama in khatarta wax marno jira, xataa seexan. Go'aanso oo ka mid ah ma jiro ee volcanologist ugu khatarta badan, aan qaaday ama geomorphology, maadaama ay tahay wax aan macquul aheyn in ay si sax ah la saadaaliyo waqtiga iyo xoog qarax kasta oo ka mid ah. Cinwaanka "volcano ugu qatarta badan dunida ee" at sheegashada waqti isku mid ah si Roman Vesuvius iyo Etna, Popocatepetl Mexico, Japan Sakurajima, Colombia Galeras, oo ku yaalla Congo Nyiragongo ee Guatemala - Santa Maria, Hawaii - Manua Loa iyo kuwa kale.

Haddii khatarta ah ee volcano ay u qiimeeyaan khasaaraha eedeeyey in ay keeni kartaa, ka dibna waxa uu noqon lahaa macquul ah si ay u taariikhda jeedin, kaas oo kuu sharaxaya waxa cawaaqibta ka keenay ugu khatarta badan marno ee adduunka ee la soo dhaafay. Tusaale ahaan, dhammaan loo yaqaano ayaa sheegtay in Vesuvius in 79 sano AD. e. ilaa 10 kun. nool oo timaheedii ayay off ee map laba magaalooyinka waaweyn. qarax ee Krakatoa ee 1883kii, taas oo ah in awooda in 200 kun jeer in ka badan bamka qaaradda weyn hoos on Hiroshima, celiyay dunida oo dhan iyo soo qaado nolosha 36,000 Jasiirada.

qarax ee volcano ee 1783 ka yar magaca Lucky keentay in xaqiiqda ah in qayb weyn oo lo 'ah ayaa dumay, iyo saad cunto ah, taas oo ah sababta 20% ka mid ah dadweynaha reer Iceland u dhintay gaajo. Sannadka soo socda ay sabab u tahay Lucky noqday madhalays oo dhan Europe. Waxaas oo dhan waxay muujinaysaa waxa baaxadda saamaynta laga yaabaa in ay dadka qarax ka ee volcano weyn.

supervolcanoes burbur

Laakiin ma ogtahay in dhammaan weyn khatar marno dunida waa waxba marka la barbar dhigo waxa loogu yeero qarax ka supervolcano mid kasta oo iyaga ka mid kun oo sano ka hor keenay a cawaaqib dhab ah masiibo, waayo, dhulka oo dhan iyo cimilada bedelay caalamka? qarax ee marno ku yeelan karto awooda at 8 dhibcood, oo dambaskoodiina oo aan ka yarayn 1000 m ³ waxaa saaray in ay height ah ugu yaraan 25 km. Tani waxay keentay in roobab baaruud dheer, maqnaanshaha of qorraxdu si bilo badan oo layers daahan ash aagga weyn oo ballaaran dusha dhulka.

Supervolcanoes kala duwanaayeen xaqiiqada ah in goobta of qarax ayaa ka tagay ma bohol iyo Caldera ah. godkii Tani tsirkoobraznaya oo salka ku xad guri waxaa la aasaasay oo sabab u ah xaqiiqada ah in ka dib markii taxane ah oo qarax xoog leh hawada ee qiiqa, ash iyo magma qayb sare ee dhicistu buurta.

The supervolcano ugu halista badan

Seynisyahanno ogaato oo ku saabsan jiritaanka qiyaastii 20 supervolcano. Ugu site of mid ka mid ah kooxda kulane hadda waa Lake Taupo ee New Zealand, kan kale qarsoon hoos supervolcano Toba u gudubno, ee ku taalla ee jasiiradda Sumatra. Tusaalooyinka supervolcano adeego sidii Long Valley ee California, Wallis ee New Mexico iyo Ciiraa Japan.

Laakiin volcano ugu qatarta badan dunida ee - kani waa ka uugu "baaluq" in qarax ee supervolcano Yellowstone ah, oo ku yaalla dalalka reer galbeedka Maraykanka. Eebe waa kan ka dhigeysaa volcanologists iyo geomorphology ah USA, iyo hareeraha dunida, live in a state of koraya cabsi, sameynta aad ilowdo ku saabsan oo dhan oo ka mid ah dunida ugu khatarta badan firfircoon marno.

Location iyo size of Yellowstone

Yellowstone Caldera waxa uu ku yaalaa woqooyi-galbeed United States, Wyoming. Waxaa markii ugu horaysay la ogaaday by satellite 1960. Caldera, kuwaas oo size ku saabsan tahay 55 * 72 km, waa qayb ka mid ah Park caansan dunida ee ku Yellowstone National. saddexaad oo ka mid ah ku dhawaad 900 000 oo hektar oo Parkland ku taal dalka reer Caldera ah.

Under bohol Yellowstone weli ku dul Rafaa qoto dheer magma xumbo ah oo ku saabsan 8000 m. Heerkulka gudaha magma soo socda si ay 1000 ⁰ C. Tani on site Yellowstone Park guga kulul hannaanka qeexnayn ee dildilaaca in la afuufo qolof ah ee uumi iyo kaca ee isku gaaska.

Sidoo kale waxaa jira wax badan oo geysers iyo dheriyo dhoobada. Sababtu waxa loo kululayn jiray in heerkulka a of 1600 ⁰ C. socodka toosan dhagax ka qodnayd, 660 km u ballaaran. Under sababo park at qoto dheer ah 8-16 km waxaa ku tiil laba laamood webiga yihiin.

Yellowstone qarax ee la soo dhaafay

qarax koowaad ee Yellowstone, kaas oo ka dhacay, sida ay saynisyahano, in ka badan 2 milyan oo sano ka hor, wuxuu ahaa musiibo ugu ballaaran adduunka ee taariikhda jiritaankeeda. Markaas, by malo volcanists ku saabsan 2.5 kun. ³ km dhagaxa weyn waxaa lagu sii daayo hawada, iyo sumadda top, kaas oo gaadhay warshadu hawada ku jiray 50 km kor ku xusan oo dhulka.

volcano ugu weyn oo ugu khatarta badan dunida waxay bilaabeen inay dib-u-qarax oo ka badan 1.2 milyan oo sano ka hor. Markaas mugga of qiiqa ay ahayd 10 jeer ka yar. qarax saddexaad ka dhacay 640 kun. Years ka hor. haddana waxaa la dumay derbiga of bohol iyo maanta sameeyay Caldera hadda.

Maxaad maanta waa ka cabsaday inuu Caldera Yellowstone

In light of horumar ee dhawaan ka dhacay degaanka ee cilmiga Seeraha Qaranka ee Yellowstone noqdo cad waxa volcano ugu khatarta badan dunida. Maxaa waxaa dhacaya? Seynisyahanno welwel by isbedeladan, kaas oo si gaar ah ugu firfircoon ee 2000 ee:

• Waayo, 6 sano ka hor 2013 dalka daboolaya Caldera ah, kacay intii 2 mitir, halka hore 20 sano u kaca ahaa kaliya 10 cm.
• Laga soo bilaabo dhulka dhaliyay geysers cusub kulul.
• La kordhiyo inta jeer iyo xoojinta of dhulgariir gobolka Caldera Yellowstone. Kaliya ee 2014, culumadu diiwaan hareerahooda 2000.
• Meelaha qaarkood, iyada oo lakabyada dhulka si ay dusha sare ee jidka gaasaska ay dhulka hoostiisa.
• Waxaa by dhowr darajo kor u kacay heerkulka biyaha webiyada.

news Kuwani cabsi ismaandhaafka dadweynaha, iyo gaar ahaan dadka deggan qaarada waqooyiga maraykanka. saynisyahano badan ayaa isku raacsan yihiin in qarax a supervolcano dhici doona qarnigii this.

Cawaaqibka qarax ee America

No yaab volcanologists badan waxay aaminsan yihiin in Caldera Yellowstone ah - volcano ugu khatarta badan dunida. Waxay soo jeedinayaan in uu qarax ku xiga wuxuu noqon doonaa sida awood badan sida kuwii hore. Qubarada waxa ay u ekaysiiyaa inay qarax kun oo bambooyinka nukliyeerka. Taas macnaheedu waa in gudahood gacan ka mid ah 160 km agagaarka xuddunta u ah wax walba oo dhammaantiis la baabbi'in doonaa. The "aaga dhintay" ka dhigay dambas celin doonaa daboolay meel kordhin 1,600 kiilomitir oo ku hareereysan.

Yellowstone qarax keeni kara Mandheera iyo marno kale iyo formation of tsunami awood badan. US degdeg ah dhacdaa, oo doonistiisa la hoos legdinta sharciga. Laga soo bilaabo ilo kala duwan yimaado warbixinta in United States ayaa isku diyaarinaya musiibo: dhiso hoy ah, soo saarta in ka badan hal milyan oo wada karfano maran caag ah qorshaha qaxidda, samaynta heshiis la dalalka on qaaradood kale. Recently, gobolka dhabta ah ee arrimaha ee Caldera Yellowstone Maraykanka jecel yahay inuu iska aamuso.

Yellowstone Caldera iyo dhammaadka wakhtiga dunidu ku

qarax ee Caldera ku Park Yellowstone hoose, soo dejin doonaa dhib, America kaliya ma. rinjiyeynta The, kaas oo la soo saari karaa haddii ay taasi ku, u muuqataa murugo dunida. Seynisyahanno ku xisaabiyay, in haddii height ah 50 km qiiqa uu socon doono laba maalmood oo keliya, "ayuu daruur dhimashada" inta lagu jiro waqtigan dabooli doonaa dhulka, laba jeer ka wayn yahay qaarada oo dhan American.

Toddobaad ka dib, qiiqa soo gaadhay Hindiya iyo Australia. fallaaraha qorraxda ee Maansheeyo lahaa in qiiq Kobenhagen cufan iyo Dhulka ku yeelan doonto muddo sannad ah iyo badh (ugu yaraan) qaboobaha. heerkulka hawada Celceliska on Earth si -25 ⁰ C dhici doonaan, oo meelaha qaar ka mid ah ^qiyaastii illaa -50 noqon doonaa. Dadka dhiman doonaa under qashin dhicidda Samada ka soo ka dhagax dab la shubay, ka qabow, gaajo, harraad iyo awood la'aanta in aad neefsato. Sida ay fikrado, sii joogi doonaan nool, hal qof oo kaliya ka soo kun a.

qarax ee Caldera Yellowstone waa awood haddii aadan nolosha dhulka uma ay baabbi'in si buuxda, mitidnimo ah u beddesho shuruudaha jiritaanka wax nool oo dhan. aan ninna odhan karin, waayo hubin in ay dadaal ugu bilaabmaa volcano ugu khatarta badan dunida ee our noolaa, balse waxaa jira cabsi run ahaantii xaq.