Unit Phraseological: Qeexidda

Hadal sarbeebeed, hadalkaas, maahmaahyo iyo hadalladiisiiba waxay ka koobnaan kaydka weyn luqad kasta, mahad oo waxa uu noqonayaa doonee, oo iftiimaya. Haddii kale, waxaa loo yaqaannaa unugyo phraseological. Waa maxay iyo waxa ay yihiin, waxaanu ka fiirsan in this article.

qeexid

Study baarayaa weedhaha erayada lug ah. unit Phraseological - a deggan hadal bogayna luqad kuwaas oo macnaha waa cad yahay in dhammaan sidayaal ay. Lewis ayaa waxa uu yahay erayga frazema, sarbeeb.

hawlaha

unit Phraseological oofiyo hawlaha qaybaha kala duwan hadalka. Tusaale ahaan, waxaa laga yaabaa:

• magac (agoon ka Kazan, eey qabaal);
• falka (twiddle, deggan, sakhraama Maska cagaaran);
• sifo (insole cabbay);
• fal-kaab (idinla aad u adag).

Like ifafaale kasta oo luqadeed, frazemy leeyihiin calaamado ay.

1. Reproducibility. feature Tani waxay muujinaysaa in unit phraseological waa la yaqaan ku hadla inta badan afka, iyo waxa aanu ku been abuuran mar kale waqti kasta. Tusaale ahaan, "ayuu debcin" waxaa loola jeedaa "daadsanaanta ku wareegsan".
2. daacadnimada Semantic, oo waxaa lagu qeexaa sida qaybaha uu colka dhammaystiran ama qayb ka mid ah erayada weedha ah. Tusaale ahaan, weedha ah "eyga cuneen xaggeeda" waxaa loola jeedaa "noocooda", oo aan xaqiiqda cunay eey qof.
3. Razdelnooformlennost tilmaamaysaa jiritaanka laba ama ka badan oo eray weedh taas oo ah waxa uu leeyahay macne oo kala duwan.
4. Stability - calaamad muujinaysa suurtogalnimada ama adagtahay in la beddelo kooban qayb by yahay ee hoos, ballaarinta ama bedelka erayada ay dastuurka. unit phraseological kacsan la beddeli karaa iyadoo la isticmaalayo:

• erayada, marka eray keliya waxaa lagu bedelaa mid kale;
• naxwaha, marka muujinta ku xiran yahay isbedel naxwe oo aan waxba beddelin macnaha;
• Taranta marka isbedel phraseologism ay sabab u tahay ballaarinta ama foosha qaybaha;
• jagooyinka halkaas oo qaybaha kala rogay.

Review of kala saaro

Kala saaro unugyada phraseological isku dayay Shaqaalaha badan, iyo habab kala duwan. Qaar ka mid ah isku hallaysay naxwaha iyo qaab-dhismeedka, kan kale - on style ah, kii saddexaadna - on macnaha iyo theme. kala soocidda kasta wuxuu xaq u leeyahay si uu u jiro, oo hoos aynu eegno ugu muhiimsan.

• kala soocidda hore ee unugyada phraseological bixiyeen L. P. Smit, taas oo dambe ayaa la midoobin koox koox siday u kala dambeeyaan. Tusaale ahaan, "dhaqdhaqaaqa aadanaha", "ifafaale dabiiciga ah." khasaare ugu weyn ee ekaysiinta this - iska dhego-bixiyc luqadeed.
• Si ka duwan ururka ka horeeyey, mabda'a luqadaha waxaa la sameeyey by soocidda V. V. Vinogradovym. Wuxuu soo jeediyay noocyada unugyada weedhaha lagu kala qaybiyey sidii isuga ee semantic - midnimada, iyo isku xidhmaan.
• N. M. Shansky bixiyeen, marka laga reebo ka mid ah ereyada, si loo sameyo soocidda gaar ah odhaahaha (hadalkoodii, maahmaahyo iyo hadalladiisiiba).
• kala soocidda ay soo hindistay A. I. Smirnitskim, oo ku salaysan mabda'a dhismaha iyo naxwaha.
• The salaysan kala soocidda ee N. N. Amosovoy xisaabay inay qiimaha cutubyo phraseological iyo falanqaynta ee macnaha guud ee ay.
• S. G. Gavrin soocidda u yimid dhibaatooyinka ay ka dhex faltamaan oo semantic.
• A. V. Kunin daray soocidda aayadaha Vinogradov.

Qoondaynta aayadaha Vinogradov

In midnimada erayga (unit phraseological) la kulmeen dadka deegaanka ee ay, taas oo ah, ka sarreeyo waa cad yahay waxa ku jirta. Tusaale ahaan, jiid suunka - waqti dheer in la sameeyo ganacsiga qaar ka mid ah.

Tollayn - qiimaha aanu ku beeganto qaybaha dhismaha. Tusaale ahaan, ka "debcin" - waxba ma samayn. In adhesions qaar ka mid ah waa erayo in laga badiyay macnaha asalka ah ee luqadda casriga Ruush waxaa mar dambe loo isticmaalo. Tusaale ahaan, suul ku - buurbuur in loo isticmaalaa in lagu labisto oo malqacadaha alwaax.

Macnaha a isku phraseological ka kooban qaybaha, mid ka mid ah taas oo uu leeyahay shaqo ah ku qabanaya, kaas oo mid ka mid ah qaybaha of unit phraseological waxa la xidhiidha erayo oo keliya, laakiin marka la isku daro dadka kale. Tusaale ahaan, waxaad dhihi kartaa "cabsi qaadataa", "murugo qaadataa" oo macnaheedu yahay "mid laga cabsado" ama "murugo", laakiin ma dhihi karo in "farxaa" dareenka ah "oo xiiso leh."

Qoondaynta A. I. Smirnitskogo

kala soocidda Tani waxay u qaybsan hadal sarbeebeed oo ah in hadal sarbeebeed oo, fal phrasal iyo unugyada phraseological habboon. Labada hore iyo kan dambeba in loo qeybiyay ilaa 2 kooxood, kuwaas oo, ee jeedo, kala qaybsanyihiin kooxo-hoosaadyada:

a) unimodal:

• fal-adoommadiisa (laabka);
• fal u dhigma, yaruna semantic taas oo qayb labaad (taas oo si sahlan oo fudud);
• substantival MEELEEYAYAASHA Fal dhigma ama predicative (oo walaalo ah ku hay);

b) laba iyo MNV:

• attributive-substantival u dhigma oo - magac (faras madow, cawl Cardinal);
• fal-nuxurkiisa, kuwaas oo u dhigma - fal ah (in ay ku hadlaan);
• celceliyay - dhigma of Fal.
• adoommadiisa MNV.

Qoondaynta oo ah N. N. Amosovoy

In ekaysiinta ee N. N. Amosovoy unugyada phraseological kala qaybsan yihiin hadal sarbeebeed iyo frazemy, hab si ay u kala soocidda oo ku salaysan falanqaynta ee macnaha guud. Falanqaynta loola jeedaa in isku darka ee erayada semantically dhaqan ugu yaraan index ah. Macnaha a noocan oo kale ah wuxuu noqon karaa mid joogto ah ama variable. At index macnaha joogto ah ugu yaraan joogto ah iyo qiyamka suuragal ah keliya, waayo, erayadii semantically fuliyo. Tusaale ahaan, a "been cad", "in English tagaan."

Marka variable ah ee macnaha guud ee erayga ugu yaraan index kala duwanaan karaan, laakiin macnaha isku mid. Tusaale ahaan, iyada oo erayga "madow" waxaa laga yaabaa in erayga "faras" iyo "nin" - ". Qarsoodi ah, qarsoodi ah" "faras madow", "nin madow" in ay ka dhigan tahay

Macnaha joogto sarbeeb qaybsan frazemy iyo hadal sarbeebeed.

Qoondaynta Moon Gavrina

S. G. Gavrin hadal sarbeebeed oo lagu tilmaamay inay by dhibaatooyin functional-semantic. Sidaas darteed, unugyada kala soocidda ay ka mid ereyada isku deggan iyo variably-deggan erayada. Studies Moon Gavrina weedhaha lagu saleeyay shuqullada aayadaha Vinogradov iyo N. M. Shanskogo iyo horumarinta 4 nooc oo halbeeg phraseological sii.

Qoondaynta A. V. Kunina

Qoondaynta cutubyo phraseological, oo ka kooban A. V. Kuninym, dhameystirta soocidda aayadaha Vinogradov. Waxay ka koobnayd hadal sarbeebeed:

1. Unimodal mid muhiim ah oo laba ama ka badan calaamadihii neznamenatelnyh.
2. Qaab-dhismeedka ama co weedh subordinative.
3. Iyada oo qaab-dhismeedka qayb predicative.
4. Iyadoo lahayn falka, ama in codka dadban.
5. Iyada oo qaab-dhismeedka xukun fudud ama adag.

Laga soo bilaabo barta of view kelmedo A. V. Kunin qaybiyaa ka hadal sarbeebeed ku xusan afar kooxood:

• component in uu yahay, taasoo muujinaysa mawduuca, ifafaale ah - waxaa loo yaqaannaa NOMINATIVE; Kooxda waxaa ka mid ah 1, 2, 3 iyo 5 Nooca ereyada laga reebo adag;
• iyada oo aan qiimaha mawduuca-macquul ah, shucuur muujiyaan - frazemy yeedhay mezhdometnyh iyo modal sida;
• qaabka soo jeedinta, taas waxaa loo yaqaan xiriirka - Koox ka mid ah oo maahmaahood, hadalladiisa iyo weedho qabsado,
• Group 4 loola jeedaa NOMINATIVE-xiriirka.

Ilo weedho afka Ruushka

unugyada Phraseological luuqada Ruushka noqon kartaa:

• primordially Ruush,
• amaahatay.

asalka ah ee Ruush qadiimiga ah ku xiran nolosha, lahjado iyo hawlo xirfadeed.

Tusaale ahaan ereyada:

• qoyska - ma Tolmada ah, sudhaa sankaaga, qaadan deg deg ah;
• lahjad - jagada ugu sarreysa, harqoodka qiiq;
• xirfadeed - si ay u dhinto walnut (nijaar), jiid gimp ah (jare), ciyaaro fiyoliin hore (muusikiiste).

unugyada phraseological amaahatay luqad Ruush ka Old Slavonic, caddooyinka classical, iyo luqadaha kale yimid.

Tusaalooyinka amaahashada ee:

• Old Slavonic - midhaha reebban yahay, aredovy daboolkoodana lulo, biyo gudcur ah oo daruuraha ku;
• caddooyinka classical - seefta Damocles, bur Tantalus, sanduuqa Pandora ee, laf ka mid ah dood, dego horaba lagay,
• luqado kale - bluestocking (English), on qiyaasta weyn (Jarmal), ma istareexsan (af Faransiis).

Qiimahooda aysan mar walba ku beeganto qiimaha erayadooda dastuurka iyo mararka qaarkood waxay u baahan tahay aqoon badan, marka lagu daro fahamka macnaha calaamadii.

tibaaxaha phraseological

tibaaxaha Phraseological iyo unugyada afka leeyihiin in caadiga ah waa in ay yihiin tibaaxaha deggan, iyo afhayeenka si fudud loo soo saari karo. Laakiin in qaybaha ugu horeysay ee hadal ayaa laga yaabaa in la adeegsadaa si madax banaan iyo sida qayb ka mid ah weedho kale. Tusaale ahaan, in odhaahaha "da 'walba u jeclaan karaa", "shixnadda dheer", "jumlada iyo tafaariiqda" erayadan oo dhan waa la si gooni gooni ah u shaqeeya karaa.

Waxaa xusid mudan in dhamaan Shaqaalaha waxbarashada unugyada phraseological leh qayb ah, tixgeliyo waxaa suurto gal ah in iyaga waxaa ka mid ah in buug weero ah.

Erayada - hadal ah ka soo suugaanta, shaneemo, masrax iyo noocyada kale ee farshaxanka afka amaahatay. Waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa in hadalka casriga ah ee afka iyo qoraal labadaba. Tusaale ahaan, "saacadood Happy aan la daawado," "Love da 'kasta."

Maahmaahyadii iyo hadalladiisiiba - hadal muhiim ah in ay leeyihiin xubno ka Waano iyo lagu saleyn karaa in xaaladaha kala duwan. Marka la barbardhigo hadal caan ah, Kuwaasi ma ah qoraaga, sida abuuray by dadka qarniyo fara badan oo ka afka maray in ay afka, oo ay ka badbaaday ay qaab hoose. Tusaale ahaan, "ayuu digaagga ka hor inta aan loo baabiiyo" waxaa loola jeedaa in waxa ka soo baxa kiiska dul ay dhamaystirka lagu xukumi karaa.

In la barbardhigo maahmaahda - tusaale ah, hadal xasaasi ah. Tusaale ahaan, isagoo leh "Markii kansarka ee Mount dhamaatay" waxaa loola jeedaa ganacsi kasta waa lagama yaabo in la sameeyo.

Maahmaahyadii iyo hadalladiisiiba - milicsiga ah cad ah oo ka mid ah qiyamka iyo horumarinta ruuxiga ah ee dadka. iyaga fudud si ay ula socdaan waxa ay dadka sida oo u bogaan, iyo in - no. Tusaale ahaan, "Si fudud oo aan jiid kalluunka ka mid ah balli", "nin Labor cunaa iyo caajisnimada - alaabtii boolida ahayd", hadalka ku saabsan muhiimada shaqada.

isbeddellada horumarinta

Dhammaan qaybaha luuqada ay yihiin kuwa ugu nugul isbeddel ah ee erayada, sababtoo ah waa mid muujisa si toos ah isbeddellada ka dhacaya bulshada dhexdeeda.

Maanta, oo sideeda oo keli ah luuqada Ruushka waxaa la kulma neological xaami ah. Waa maxay sababta?

Sababta ugu horeysay -, isbedel dhaqaale, siyaasadeed iyo xagga ruuxa bulshada ee Russia in 90s ee. Shirka labaad ee - warbaahinta iyo hawlaha Internetka, taas oo keentay in xorriyatul qawlka iyo tiro badan oo ah borrowings luqo ajnebi. Midda saddexaad - horumarka degdeg ah farsamooyinka in ay gacan ka ah ee macluumaad cusub iyo erayada. Xaaladdan saamayn ku yeelan karin macnaha erayo - mid ay lumiyaan macnaha asalka ah, ama mid kale u bartaan. Sidoo kale ballaarinta xuduudaha luqadda suugaanta - waxa ay haatan u furan yahay sheekaysanayo, suuq ah erayada, intuu wadhfiyey iyo unugyada phraseological waa. Isagoo ka hadlayay of dambaysta ah, waxaa la ogaadaa in feature ee Contemporary hadal sarbeebeed oo ma aha macnaha erayo iyo isku dhafan. Tusaale ahaan, "suuqa duurjoogta ah", "therapy lama filaan ah", "u dhow dibedda", "ka dhisan qabow", "fasax ganacsiga".

imtixaanka mini

Oo haatan waxaan ku siin in aad tijaabiso in aad erudition. Maxaad samaynaysaan oo hadal sarbeebeed oo kuwan:

• gilgili;
• qaniini carrabkayga ku qabowjiyo,
• oo gacmaha oo dhanna on;
• ordi idinla;
• dabaysha on shaarib ah,
• indhaha waxaa aragga,
• tirin diiqu ah;
• daadgureyntaasi afka;
• been la saddex sanduuq sheegi.

Hubi jawaabaha saxda ah. qiyamka (si):

• Waxaan doonayaa in aan seexan;
• aamusay,
• qof wax soo baxday si fudud oo si qurux badan;
• si dhakhso ah ordi;
• xusuuso wax muhiim ah;
• dadka ka tiro badan oo ah wax ka mid ah ma dooran kartaa hal wax oo keliya,
• dawdle;
• dadku rabaan in la xasuusto wax si fiican u yaqaan, laakiin ma sheegi karo,
• yabooho ama jiifso.