The US dollar. Dabcan taariikhda

Maanta, lacagta adduunka ugu weyn - Maraykanka dollar. Taariikhda dabcan ka mid ah lacagta ka gees Ruble Ruushka billaabay tan iyo intii aysan xorriyadda helin, Maraykanka iyo formation of nidaamka maaliyadeed ee dawladda cusub ee la sameeyay.

In dhexe ee qarnigii XIX ah. ee lacagta Mareykanka iyo Boqortooyada Ruush waxay ahaayeen specie kaliya. raso Paper ayaa la soo bandhigay galay wareegga kaliya ka dib markii bilowgii Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee dalka Mareykanka, in uu yahay, ee 1861-1865 GG. Isla mar ahaantaana in Ruushka Empire laba nidaam lacageed barbar shaqeeya: Shilimaad Lacag iyo daabacaada lacag.

Isbeddelka ku dollar ka dhanka ah Ruble ah in la baabiiyo of Heerka dahab ah

Laga bilaabo April 2, 1792 qiimaha lacagta Mareykanka ah ayaa la si adag lala dahab. dardaaran Tani waxaa go'an oo amar ee Congress Maraykanka. Sida laga soo xigtay go'aankan aasaasay sifooyinka aan beddelmi karin ee dollar oo dahab ah. Sidaas, hal dollar u miisaamay 1,60493 grams ama 24,75 badar, iyo heerka ka dhanka lacagta ah Saarka Russia ahaa 1 ilaa 1.39 rubles. qiimaha kuwa ku hadhay meel ilaa 1834, marka waxaa la go'aamiyay inuu ku meeleeyo dollar ah oo dahab ah ka dib markii xuduudaheedu: 23,25 badar ama 1,50463 g dahab. Laga soo bilaabo in ku saabsan lacagta Mareykanka qaranka ka dhanka ah Ruble la bedelay iyo 1 ilaa 1.3.

In 1897 dibuhabaynta waxaa la hirgeliyey Witte. Sababtoo ah dhacdooyinkaan waxay koorsada of Ruble dahab cusub Doolarka Maraykanka beddelin at 1,94. xiriirka noocan oo kale ah ilaa bilowgii dagaalkii koowaad ee aduunka.

Xaaladda la heerka muddada post-kacaanka

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dhacdooyinka kacaan in Russia, Dagaalkii Sokeeye iyo raadiyo jahwareer dhaqaale bilaabay farsamo ee musiibada ah qiima ah Ruble ah. Sidaas daraaddeed, haddii in 1916 ratio ee Doolarka Maraykanka iyo Ruble ahaa heer 1 ilaa 6.7, ka dibna sanad kadib heerka Maraykanka sarifka dollar u kacay inuu 11. Ka dib markii in, ilaa abuurka Ruble USSR ah si degdeg ah hoos. Markaasaa waxaa jiray dollar ah mid aad u sarreeya. In 1924, Midowga Soofiyeeti waxaa fuliyey dibuhabaynta lacagta, taas oo saameyn weyn ku ah nidaamka dhaqaale ee qoyska. Ruble Soviet noqday taageeray by dahab ah si la mid ah sida ay ahayd in wakhtigii Empire Ruush ah. Sidaa darteed, waxaa la soo celiyo iyo heerka jir ah oo Ruble ku Doolarka Maraykanka - 1,94. Ka hor 1934, loo dhan yahay, ratio this hadhay dhowaad beddelin.

In 1934, Maraykanka waa in ay "Great Depression" - ifafaale ah oo uu saameeyey ma aha oo kaliya gobolka laftiisa, laakiin sidoo kale dollar ah. History of isbedel koorsada. taageero Gold of lacagta Mareykanka ah ayaa la dhimay. Waqtigaas, waxa uu ahaa si siman u 0.888661 garaam oo biraha qaali ah. Ruble Soviet Doolarka wuxuu xoog, iyo xigashooyin waxay ahaayeen 1 ilaa 1.24 ay guushu ku lacagta Mareykanka ah.

Years of heerka deggan go'an

Tan iyo guga ee 1950 aasaasay heerka sarrifka xasiloon Ruble ee Soviet ee la xiriirta unugga lacagta qaranka ee Mareykanka ee heer ka mid ah 1 ilaa 4. Xaaladdan badelin ilaa hirgelinta dibuhabaynta lacagta ee Midowga Soofiyeeti ee 1961. From joogo muddo toban sanadood ah la aasaasay ratio go'an u dhexeeya labada lacagaha heerka of 0.90 rubles halkii dollar. Taariikhda lacagta American ka dhanka ah Ruble ka joogo in iyo ilaa burburkii waxba USSR ee la taaban karo aan lahayn kala duwan.

isbeddelka heerka sarrifka ee 70-90-mada

In sano ee ku xiga, Ruble ee Soviet ka dhanka ah unit Maraykanka lacageed si joogto ah ayaan fadhin. Isbeddelladan lahaa saamaynta arrimo kala duwan, oo ay ku jiraan qiima ee dollar ah. Tusaale ahaan, in 1972 iyo 1973. ratio ahaa oo ku saabsan 80 cents halkii dollar. koorsooyinka History ee soo socda 15 sano, diiwaan xoojinta ah Ruble ah, heerka sarrifka rasmi ah lagu tiriyaa 75 cents halkii dollar. Dabcan, xitaa gelin sannadahaas waxaa jiray waxa loogu yeero "suuqa madow" a, halkaas oo dollar ah u qalantay sii badan. Laakiin muhiimada gaar ah, madal ganacsiga this helay in 80s ee, markii Midowga Soofiyeeti ku jiray dhibaatooyinka qoto dheer, iyo Ruble ee Soviet rasmi ah ayaa sii waday in la xoojiyo ka dhanka ah ee lacagta Mareykanka ah. Inkastoo si rasmi ah dollar ah u qalantay 60 kopecks, heerka ganacsi ee Baanka State ee Midowga Soofiyeeti ahaa 1 ilaa 1.75 ka dhanka ah dollar oo lacagta Maraykanka ah ee suuqa madow waxaa laga iibsan karaa 30-33 Ruble Soviet.