The sahamiyayaal Ruush weyn oo daahfurtay in ay

The safra Ruush weyn, liiska oo waa wax weyn, oo keentay in horumarinta ganacsiga badaha iyo kiciyey sharafta dalka. Beesha sayniska ayaa loo aqoonsan yahay macluumaad dheeraad ah oo ka badan ma aha oo kaliya on juqraafiga, laakiin sidoo kale ku saabsan dhirta iyo ugaarta, iyo ugu muhiimsan - dadka ku noolaa meelaha kale ee dunida, iyo caadooyinkooda. Ha noo raaco wadadii oo ka mid ah dadka safarka Ruush weyn gayanaya baadhitaan ay.

Fodor Filippovich Konyuhov

socotada Ruush Great Fyodor Konyukhov ma aha lover oo keliya si fiican u yaqaan ee u quudhin, laakiin sidoo kale rinjiile ah, sayidkayga sharafta sports. Wuxuu ku dhashay 1951. Tan iyo carruurnimada, ma uu samayn kareen in la siin doono kuwo ku adag ee facooda uu - dabaasha biyo qabow. Waxa uu si fudud u seexan karin hayloft ah. Fedor ahayd xaalad wanaagsan jirka iyo awood si uu ugu tartamo masaafo dheer - dhowr tobanaan kiiloomitir. In 15 sano, wuxuu u suurtagashay in ay ka gudbaan badda Azov, iyadoo la isticmaalayo dhibtoonaya a doon ah. Aad buu u saameeyay Theodore, oo uu awoowe, kuwaas oo doonayay ninkii dhallinyarada si ay u noqdaan nin socoto ah, laakiin wiilka doonayay in this. The safra Ruush weyn inta badan waxay bilaabeen in ay diyaariyaan in horay loogu talagalay ololahooda iyo meel badda.

furitaanka Konyukhov

Fedor Filippovich Konyuhov ka qeyb qaatay 40-safarka, soo noqnoqda on wadada Bering raaxada ah, oo wuxuu u dhoofay ka Vladivostok in Islands Taliyaha, si Sakhalin iyo Kamchatka yimid. In 58 sano, wuxuu ka guulaystay Mount Everest, sidoo kale 7 danbow ugu sareeya ee kooxda la climbers kale. Waxa uu soo booqday labada North iyo ulo South, on account of 4 fiicfiican oo adduunka ku wareegsan, waxay Atlantic 15 jeer u tallaabay. Dareenkaa uu Fedor Filippovich lagu qorey sawirka. Sidaas daraaddeed ayuu u soo qoray a 3000 sawiro. The daahfurtay weyn juquraafi socoto Ruush ah ayaa inta badan ka muuqataa in ay suugaanta gaar ah, iyo Fedor Konyukhov tegey a 9 buugaagta.

Athanasius Nikitin

socotada Ruush Great Athanasius Nikitin (Nikitin - .. Magaca hore ee baayacmushtariga oo, in magaca aabbihiis ahaa Nikita) noolaa qarnigii 15aad, iyo sanadka uu ku dhashay aan la garanayn. Waxa uu cadeeyay in xitaa qof ka soo jeedaa qoys sabool ah ilaa iyo haatan u safri karaan, waxa ugu muhiimsan - si ay u dejiyaan gool. Waxa uu kula baayacmushtari jirtay khibrad leh kuwaas oo u safray Hindiya ee Crimea, Constantinople, Lithuania iyo Monaco ee Moldivia iyo guriga keenay alaabta dibada.

Wuxuu ahaa hooyo a of Tver. baayacmushtariyaasha Ruush safray Asia in ay xiriir la ganacsatada maxaliga ah. iyagu waxaa loo keenay, inta badan maabalka. Sida qaddar Athanasius ahaa ee India, halkaas oo uu ku noolaa muddo saddex sano ah. On uu ka soo laabtay oo uu ku dhacay oo lagu dilay meel u dhow Smolensk. The sahamiyayaal Ruush weyn oo daahfurtay in ay ku Waari taariikhda, maxaa yeelay, horumarka oo ka mid ah kuwii ku caashaqi jiray geesi ah oo ku dhiirato Wareerisay inta badan ku dhinteen ee guutadii wax khatar ah oo dheer.

Furitaanka Afanasiya Nikitina

Athanasius Nikitin noqday socotada ugu horeysay ee Russian booqday Hindiya iyo dalka Faaris, oo ay jidka ku soo laabto uu booqday Turkey iyo Soomaaliya. Inta lagu guda jiro safaradiisa uu qoranay "Journey Beyond Saddex Bado", taasi oo markii dambe u noqday buugga waxbarasho oo ka mid ah dhaqanka iyo caadooyinka dalalka kale. Gaar ahaan si fiican u muujinayaa in qoraallada Dr Makumbe Hindiya uu. Waxa uu soo tallaabay Volga, Badda Carbeed iyo Caspian, Badda Madow. Marka dhow baayacmushtariyaasha jaaket bililiqaystay tataarka ah, ma uu doonaya in ay dhan gurigaaga tag oo heli dabinka daynta, iyo sii guuray, sii jeeda Derbent, ka dibna Baku.

Nikolai Maclay

Maclay ka timaadaa sharaf qoyska ka mid ah, laakiin waxa uu si ay u bartaan dhimasho aabbihiis, oo la nool saboolnimada. Waxa uu ahaa mucaaradka ah ay dabiicadda - 15 sano, oo uu ku qabtay isagoo ka qeyb galay dibad-arday. Taas darteed, ayuu kama uu sii jeedin oo kaliya inuu yahay xabsi ku jiray dhufayskii, halkaas oo uu joogay muddo saddex maalmood ah, laakiin waxaa laga cayriyay iskuulka la mamnuuco dheeraad ah oo ku saabsan gelitaanka - sidaas waayo, wuxuu badiyay fursad ay ku helaan waxbarashada sare ee Russia in uu markii danbe ka dhigay in Germany.

Ernst Haeckel, wax badan oo naturalist si fiican u yaqaan, oo seefqaad ah fiiro gaar ah u ah oo cajiib ah wiil 19-sano jir ah oo lagu casuumay Maclay in duulaan ka, kuwaas oo ujeedada ahayd in ay bartaan dubato badda. Nicholas ku dhintay da'da 42 sano, iyadoo cudurka codkiisa, "a sii daraysa xoog leh ee jirka." Waxa uu, sida dad badan oo kale oo Ruush weyn, ugu deeqay qayb weyn oo noloshiisa ah magaca ikhtiraac cusub.

Maclay furan

In 1869 Maclay oo taageero ka Society Ruushka dhuleed u socday New Guinea. Beach, halkaas oo uu ka degay, hadda loo yaqaan "Maclay Coast." Ka dib markii in ka badan hal sano ah in duulaan ku, ayuu kala jejebiyey oo dhulka ku cusub. Oo barbariyiintii waxay ka barteen socotada Ruush sida bocorka koray, hadhuudh, digir, sida loo daryeelo geedo waaweyn oo midho. 3 sannadood ayuu Australia qaatay, booqday Indonesia, Filibiin, gasiiradaha Melanesia iyo Micronesia. Waxa uu sidoo kale ugu baaqay dadka deegaanka in aan la faragelin waxbarashada anthropological. 17 sano oo uu naftiisa baranayay dadka wadaniga ah ee Islands Pacific, Southeast Asia. Sababo la Miklouho-Maclay waxaa beeniyay wararka la isla dhexmarayo in Papuans waa nooc kale oo qof. Sida laga arki karo, ee sahamiyayaal Ruush weyn oo daahfurtay in ay ogol yahay inta kale ee dunida ma aha oo kaliya in badan oo ku saabsan cilmi-baarista juquraafi bartaan, laakiin sidoo kale ku saabsan dadka kale ee ku nool Dhulalka Cusub.

Nikolai Mikhailovich Przewalski

Przhevalsky fadilay qoyska gooyo ee, ka dib safar ugu horeysay ee uu haystay oo sharaf u ah inay la Alexander II, kaasoo siiyey ururinta si Academy Ruush ee Sciences kulmaan. Wiilkiisii Nicholas jeclaa shuqullada Nikolai Mikhailovich, oo uu doonayay in uu xer iima ahaan, waxa uu sidoo kale gacan ka daabaco sheekooyin ku saabsan duulaan 4aad, cawday 25 kun. Rubles. Tsarevich ayaa had iyo jeer ka dhur sugeynaa waraaqaha ka yimid nin socoto ah oo ku faraxsan in ay xitaa news gaaban oo ku saabsan duulaan ku.

Sida laga arki karo, xitaa inta lagu guda jiro nolosha Przewalski noqday shakhsiyadda arrin si fiican u yaqaan iyo shuqulladiisii oo camal fiican heshay badan oo sumcad. Laakiin, sida mararka qaar dhacaya, marka sahamiyayaal Ruush weyn oo daahfurtay in ay waxa ay noqonayaan caan ah, faahfaahin badan ee nolosha iyo duruufaha uu dhintay waxaa la gelinayo inuu qarsoodiga. Wiilashii Nicholas Mikhailovich ma ahaa, t. Si aad. Fahamka The horay waxa qaddar isaga sugaya, ayuu ma loo oggol yahay isaga qudhiisa inuu xukumo qof aad jeceshahay heegan joogto ah iyo kelinimo.

furitaanka Przewalski ah

Thanks to guutadii Przewalski, a sharafta sayniska Ruush helay hawl-wadeeno cusub. Intii lagu guda jiray 4 guutadii socotada maray ilaa 30 kun oo Kiiloomitir., Uu u safray Bartamaha iyo Galbeedka Aasiya, banka Tibetan iyo qaybta koonfureed ee Desert Taklimakan ah. Waxa uu furay tiixtiix badan (Moscow, dahsoon, iyo D. sidaas on.), Qeex webi ee waaweyn ee Asia.

Dad badan oo maqlay oo ku saabsan Przewalski ee faras (dacawo ah oo faras duurjoogta ah), laakiin kuwo yar baa la ogaado oo ku saabsan ururinta ugu qanisan Buslhada ee nuujiya, shimbiraha, lafdhabarka iyo kalluunka, tiro badan oo ah diiwaanka ku saabsan dhirta iyo ururinta herbarium. Intaa waxaa dheer in ay dhirta iyo ugaarta, iyo sidoo kale ikhtiraac cusub juquraafi, sahamisa Ruushka ku weyn yahay quruumaha Przewalski xiiso aan la aqoon in ay Yurub - Dungan, waqooyiga Tibetan, Tangut, magintsami, lobnortsami. Wuxuu u abuuray Eebe shaqada "Sidee in ay u safraan ee Central Asia", taas oo noqon karta guide wanaagsan cilmi-baarayaasha iyo ciidamada. The safra Ruush weyn, samaynta daahfurtay, had iyo jeer siiyey cilmiga ee horumarka ah ee sayniska iyo ururka guul of guutadii wax cusub.

Ivan Fedorovich Kruzenshtern

sahamisa Ruush uu ku dhashay 1770. Oo isna wuxuu lahaa fursad si ay u noqdaan madax ahaa ugu horeeyay ee duulaan dunida ka Russia, sida ay tahay mid ka mid ah aasaasayaasha National Oceanology, Admiral ah, xubin ka mid ah oo u dhiganta iyo xubin sharaf ah Academy of Sciences ee St. Petersburg. socotada Ruush Great Kruzenshtern sidoo kale ka qeyb qaatay firfircoon, waxaa la abuuray marka Society Ruushka dhuleed. In 1811 wuxuu fursad u helay inaan ku baro arday badda Corps. Ka dibna, agaasimaha noqday, wuxuu abaabulay fasal sarkaal sare. Tani waxay markaas noqday Academy of Naval ah.

In 1812, uu ka soo koobaa saddexaad ee uu maal in maleeshiyada Dadka (bilowday dagaalkii labaad ee dunida). Ilaa wakhtigaas, waxa ay ku qaadatay daabacaadda saddex muda buugaagta, "Socdaalka dunida", kuwaas oo lagu turjumay luqado toddoba Yurub. In 1813, Ivan Fedorovich waxaa ka mid ah in, Ingiriisi ah bulshooyinka sayniska ee deenishka, Jarmal iyo Faransiis iyo tacliinta sare. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, 2 sano ka dib, waxa uu soo diray on oggalaansho ay sabab u tahay cudurka indhaha soo koraya, adag xaaladda iyo xidhiidhka adag la wasiirka Marine. sahamiyayaal badan oo caan ah iyo Socdaalba soo jeestay in Ivan Fedorovich wixii talo iyo taageero.

furitaanka Kruzenshtern

3 sano, wuxuu ahaa madaxa duulaan Ruushka oo dunida dacaladeeda ah in maraakiibta "Neva" iyo "Hope". Intii ay safarka waxay lahaayeen in la baaro afka River Amur ah. Waayo, markii ugu horeysay ee taariikhda raxan Ruushka gudbay dhulbaraha. Iyada oo ay taasi safarka, iyo Ivan Fedorovich, markii ugu horeysay u muuqday on bari map-ka, waqooyiga iyo xeebaha waqooyi-galbeed ee Sakhalin Island. Sidoo kale, by Samo falku uu shaqada arki doonaa iftiinka "Atlas South Badda", complete qoraalada hydrographic. Sababo la xiriira kaararka duulaan ku ahaayeen tirtirayaa jasiiradda jiritaan la'aanta, booska saxda ah ee qodobada kale georgaficheskih la goostay. sayniska Ruush ayaa ka bartay oo ku saabsan Mezhpassatnyh dhaqdhaqaaq qarsoon ee Pacific iyo Atlantic Oceans, waxaa qiyaasay kulka biyaha (ilaa 400 m qoto dheer), lagu qeexay in ay miisaan u gaar ah, midabka iyo Hufnaan. Ugu dambeyntii waxaa caddaatay sababta oo badda iftiinka. Sidoo kale, waxaa jira xog ku saabsan cadaadiska Hawada, farax iyo socodka ee qaybo badan oo badaha ah in loo isticmaalo safra kale Ruush weyn guutadii ay.

Semon Ivanovich Dezhnov

socotada Great, waxa uu ku dhashay 1605. Navigator, sahamisa oo ah ganacsade, oo weliba wuxuu ahaa yaabbaa Cossack ah. Wuxuu ahaa hooyo a of Great Ustyug, ka dibna u dhaqaaqay Siberia. Semyon Ivanovich ayaa lagu yaqaanaa tayadiisa diblomaasiyadeed, geesinimada iyo awoodda loo abaabulo oo loo maareeyo dadka. Magaciisa waxaa la siiyey barta juquraafi (headland, Baay, jasiiradda, tuulada, Peninsula), ka premium baraf-qabtaha ka, safarka, waddooyinka, iwm

furitaanka Dezhneva

Semyon Ivanovich 80 sano ka hor Strait Bering lagu qabtay (loo yaqaan Bering) inta u dhaxaysa Alaska iyo Chukotka (in ka buuxa, halka Bering ka qayb uun ka mid ah ahaa). Isaga iyo kooxda helay wadada badda ku dhawaad qayb waqooyi-bari Aasiya ah, gaadhay Kamchatka. Qofna ma ka hor iyo, ma aan ogayn oo ku saabsan qayb ka mid ah dunida oo dhan meesha America ku dhowaad isugu la Asia. Dezhnev maray Ocean Arctic ah, Goldogob xeebta waqooyi ee Asia. Wuxuu baa'bin Strait u dhaxeeya bangiyada Maraykanka iyo Asian, iyo sidoo kale Peninsula Chukotka. Marka Olyutorskii Bay ila jabtay, kooxdiisa, iyadoo barafka iyo alaabtii dibidu si kaliya, waxaa qaadan 10 toddobaad ka hor River Anadyr ah (ka 25 badiyay 13 qof). Waxaa jira malo ah in ugu horreeyay ee sal of Alaska qayb ka mid ah kooxda Dezhnev ka duulaan ka soo soocay noqday.

Sidaas darteed, ka dib markii in wadadii socotada Ruush weyn, waxaad ka arki kartaa sida ay u horumariyaan iyo kicidda bulshada sayniska Ruush, kobciyo aqoonta dunida ka baxsan, taas oo dar dar geliyay weyn horumarinta warshadaha kale.