Temple of ilaahyadooda oo dhammu Rome: magaca, sawirka, description

About isaga qaab gabay Classics suugaanta adduunka, isaga u raadinaya dalxiisayaal, kuwaas oo si Italy yimid, uu sawir la qaaday guriga ee sawirada iyo boostakaaryada. Waxay ku taallaa ee Rome, guriga ilaahyada oo dhan (ama, sida ay hadda waxaa la odhan jiray dhismaha, Pantheon) waqtiga ay kacsiga waxaa ka go'an in ay ilaahyo ugu weyn ee ku caabudi jireen Boqortooyada Roomaanka. Dhismaha sharafta leh waa mid ka mid ah taxadiri ugu caansan ee muddada qadiimiga ah, ayaa ka badbaaday in maalinta la joogo. Sida sano ee la soo maray, dunida in uu is beddelay, iyo ka dib markii dayrta ee Empire oo ah meesha quduuska ah jaahilka ahaa quduus ka dhigay sida kaniisad Christian ah ee St. Mary oo shahiid ah.

History. Pantheon ugu horeeya ee - Pantheon of Agribba

Temple First of ilaahyadooda oo dhammu Rome la dhisay u dhaxaysa 27 iyo 25 BC. In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in dhismaha uu ka dhacay gayiga Roman Empire ah, magaca guriga ilaahyadooda oo dhammu ee Rome waxay ka timaadaa erayada Giriigga ah ee "digsiga" - "dhamaystiran" iyo "Theon", kaas oo tarjumayaa "rabbaani ah". Waxa uu inta badan u huray in ilaahyada reer Rooma:

• Jupiter - ilaaha wayn onkodka, taas oo u dhiganta Zeus in caddooyinka Greek.
• Neptune - Ilaah kale oo ka mid ah badaha iyo dhulgariir, dhigiisa Giriigga - Bosidon.
• Mars - ilaaha dagaalka, waxay u dhigantaa Ates Giriigga.
• Venus - ilaahadda jacaylka iyo qurux, Aphrodite in Greece.
• Pluto - ilaaha reer She'ool, dhigiisa Giriigga - Haadees.
• Mercury - Rasuulkii ilaahyada, sokoeye ee baayacmushtariyaasha iyo Socdaalba (Hermes in Giriigii hore).
• Saturn - waqti titanium, version Giriigga - Kronos (chronos).

maamulka Construction wareegay saaxiib ku dhow iyo in-sharciga gooyo, Qunsulka Marcus Agribbow, sida laga arday Looxii damacsan warqadihii naxaas ah oo ku saabsan dhismaha. Pantheon hore waxaa jeestay xagga koonfureed oo ay leeyihiin qaab qaab. decoration ugu weyn oo ay tolnimo Roman Pantheon ahaayeen tiirar iyo caryatids - Sidaana u guntaday haweenka, bedelayaa column ugu horeeyay ee u muuqday in Giriigii hore. Soo horjeeda Pantheon ah, dhinaca ka soo horjeeda ee square ah, istaageen guriga Neptune. Ugu yaraan, waa sharaxaad ka mid ah guriga ilaahyadooda oo dhammu Rome noo yimid.

The ugu horeysay Roman Pantheon ayaa la burburiyay in dab ku AD qarnigii koowaad, laakiin sida macbudyo kale oo badan, waxaa la dhisay intii lagu boqornimadii Domitian, iyo hadhaagii ay hadda ku yaal at qoto dheer ah oo ku saabsan laba mitir.

dhismaha macbudyo casriga ah ee ah ilaahyada ee Rome

Soo celiyo hoos Domitian Pantheon Marcus Agribba dambeyntii burburiyay intii boqornimadii Emperor Trajan ka xaqiiqda ah in lagu dhuftay by hillaac, sidaas oo kale ayaa Emperor Hadrian, kuwaas oo doonayay in "meesha quduuska ah taas oo ah ilaahyada oo dhan wakiil ka ah dunida dacaladeeda iyo gudbikaraa oo samadu", waxaa si buuxda loo dhisay .

Sida laga soo xigtay sixitaanka on tiradii lebenkii oo ka adag macbudka, dhismaha ayaa waxaa fuliyay in qeybtii hore ee ku AD qarnigii labaad. Naqshada mid ka mid ah injineero ugu weyn ee ka dambeeya waqtiga, Apollodorus reer Dimishaq, oo ku hogaamiyay dhismaha dhismayaasha muhiimka ah (oo ay ku jiraan Spa iyo de Arc ku Triomphe) ka dhigay, ma aha oo kaliya hoos Hadrian, laakiin sidoo kale waxa ay ka hor, hoos Trajan.

Tilmaamo naqshadda

Si ka duwan ururka ka horeeyey, Apollodorus Pantheon la janjeedha xagga woqooyi, iyo dhinacyada ay si weyn kor ugu. Waxaa intaa dheer, in mashruuc cusub sidiisa naqshadda ayaa ku daray in ay siddeed tallaabo of podium. bannaan ee gudaha macbudka waa inay awoodaan inay meel-celiska ah - model fiican ee caalamka - dhexroorkeedu yahay 43 mitir. Architecture-aad ee guriga ilaahyadooda oo dhammu Romans ka tarjumayaa matalaad ah ee qaab-dhismeedka caalamka. derbiyada Temple waa qaro weyn oo ku filan, oo ay Halabuurka kala duwan oo leh height ah - hoose ay ka badan oo cufan yihiin, iyo qaybta sare iyaga ka mid ah waxay ka kooban tahay qalabka fududee.

Dabcan, aragtida ugu caansan ee Aamino - in sawiro badan oo guriga ilaahyadooda oo dhammu Rome, waxaad ka arki kartaa tiirar lix iyo toban sare on taas oo ku dul pediment ah saddex xagal. On pediment waxaa ku qorraa qorniin la mid ah sida Pantheon ee Agribba. Under pediment waxaa godad in aamin image oo naxaasta ahayd ee uu calaamad u awood - gorgor, iyagoo baalashooda ku fidsan, oo haysata in ay af dhuuban oo shabag geedkii. Dad badan oo qurxinta Aamino ee images naxaas ah shuqulkii Diogenes Athens dambe loo isticmaalo shaqada on Basilica St. Peter ee, dad badan oo waqti rumeysan yahay in falka waxashnimada ah.

Karnoo kubad ka dib markii Empire

Ka dib burburkii Pantheon Roman baxsadeen baabba 'oo kaliya sababtoo ah xaqiiqda ah in in 608 AD, waxaa beddelay kaniisad by Pope Boniface IV, kuwaas oo sannad ka dib waxaa la daahiriyeyna in sharaf of St. Mary oo shahiid ah. Magaca ahaa ay sabab u tahay xaqiiqda ah in la here dhaqaajin ku Mala'igtu ah catacombs Roman. Ka dib markii ku saabsan shan iyo afartankan sannadood ee Emperor Constans II of Constantinople soo bixiyey macbudkii hore ee ilaahyadooda oo dhammu qurxinta iyo jilay sharraxnaan jirtay naxaas ah, kuwaas oo bedelay hogaanka kaliya ka dib markii ku dhawaad laba qarni ka dib markii booqashada of Boqortooyada ee Constantinople. Intaa waxaa dheer, ka dib markii Pantheon noqday kaniisad Christian, wax kasta nidaam jaahilka reer Rooma, image ilaahyada Roomaanka la Halaagay. Markaasaa macbudkii waxaa ka taagay meel allabari, waxaa jiray farshaxan oo quduusiin ah, ee frescoes ee goobaha Kitaabka Qudduuska ah.

In sano ee ku xiga, qaddar ee dhismahan sharafta leh, sidoo kale, wuxuu ahaa la mahdin. Muddo dheer ayuu ku hadhay arkaynin Guryohoodii mooyee, sida inta lagu guda jiro Papacy Avignon. Ugu hal mar uu ku jiray xarunta of halgan u dhexeeya qoysaska Roman sharaf of Colonna iyo Orsini, ku simaha sida qalcaddayda a.

Yaa lagu aasay guriga ilaahyada oo dhan?

Renaissance keenay xeerkii inuu soo aaso ee cathedrals weyn ee dadka oo fiican oo uu waqti. Ma u tudhay xisbi iyo Pantheon, halkaas oo ay ka heleen meel final ku nastaan, Ranjiilayaasha badan oo Renaissance ah, iyaga ka mid ah mid ka mid ah sayidkooda ugu weyn ee uu Zaman - Rafael Santi, halkan waa iyadoo uu dooqday Maria Bibbienoy, naqshada Baldassare Peruzzi, muusikiiste Arkandzhelo Korelli.

Halkan jiifsan boqorradii Talyaani of Savoy. In Temple hore ee ilaahyada oo dhan lagu aasay ugu horeysay ee ay boqorradii dalka midaysan Italy - Victor II ee Emannuil, Aabbaha DALKA, sida Looxii uu Taalladaas. uu shaqo adag wuxuuna ammaanay faa'iido u ah dalka iyo halganka ay midnimo. Wiilka iyo bedelka, unifier ee Italy, King Umberto ayaa toogasho lagu dilay 1900, oo waxaa lagu aasay Pantheon ah, ee soo socda si aabbihiis. Lix iyo soddon sannadood aasay Pantheon ahaa naagtii Umberto iyo Queen Margherita. Waardiye ee aaso boqornimada siin ku salaysan iskaa wax u qabso by wakiilada ee Machadka Qaranka ee Honor ilaalada.

Dalxiisyada in Pantheon ah

Pantheon The iman karo labadaba ka safar abaabulan, tusaale ahaan, inta lagu guda jiro safar of Rome, iyo tegi on iyaga u gaar ah, indhaha iyaga u gaar ah oo haybadda naqshadaha qadiimiga arkay. Entrance inuu macbudka u furan yahay ka soo dhexe ee am sagaalaad in kala bar la soo dhaafay toddoba fiidkii iyo gabi ahaanba waa bilaash ah, laakiin waxaa xiran yahay dadweynaha on January 1, May 1 iyo December 25 - on fasax ah. Karnoo waxa uu ku yaalaa della Piazza ka Rotonda (Piazza della Rotonda). Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa jira tiro ka mid ah faahfaahinta ay tahay in la tixgeliyaa marka la booqanayo.

Waxyaabaha ah in la xasuusto marka aad booqanayso Pantheon ah?

Haddii qof uu go'aansado in ay soo booqdaan halka Rome, Pantheon ah - guriga ilaahyada oo dhan, waa in uu la xasuusto in aad u baahan tahay in la raaco sharciyada qaar ka mid ah.

• Pantheon The in meesha ugu horeysa waa in ay xeerka labiska ah, sababtoo ah waa macbudka firfircoon. Dharka waa in la xiray. In kiiska xad dhaaf ah waxaa suurto gal ah in ay ku duub agagaarka mid ka mid ah marooyin yaryar oo dambiishana ha ka soo galo iska.
• Kaniisadda ma qaadi karaan cuntada iyo cabitaanka.
• U hubso in aad dami telefoonka mobile. Laakiin waqti isku mid ah macbudka, sawirada iyo diiwaanka video aad qaadi karto.

xaqiiqooyinka oo xiiso leh

Mid ka mid ah qaababka ugu muhiimsan ee lagu garan shay dhaqanka ina hor ahaa xaqiiqada ah in guriga ilaahyadooda oo dhammu ee qadiimiga Rome waxay ahayd meesha kaliya ee ay uu gabi ahaanba tegi karin wax kasta oo deggan magaalada oo Ilaah u barya in ay ilaahyadooda. Waxa uu ahaa hal-abuurka ah, sababtoo ah ka hor in macbudyo uu lahaa oo kaliya in ay wadaaddada helaan.

Kaliya hal mar sannadkii - at maailnta xagaaga, June 21 - qoraxda ka soo gudbeen iyada oo "isha of Pantheon ah" (god wareega ee xarunta of qubbad macbudka), warbixinta kooban ee ka mid ah dadka kiniisadda. In maalmaha ka haray in qoraxda galabtii foomamka nooc ka mid ah "tiir", iyo saacadaha markeeda iftiiminaya niches la Sidaana quduusiinta, Sidaana ilaahyada oo lagu hore lagu rakibay.

Qaabka uu fekrado ee qaybta ugu muhiimsan ee Pantheon, ay sabab u tahay xaqiiqada ah in mar meeshan leeyahay balli, Oo aasaaskoodii oo noqday aasaaska macbudka, kuwaas oo la dhisay by Agribba.