Taas oo macnaheedu yahay siyaasad of dhalaalid ee boqortooyada ruuxiga ah? nooleynta dhaqanka ee 50-60s ah

Fifth March 1953 ka dhacay dhacdo in si qoto dheer loo beddeli koorsada siyaasadda dibadda iyo gudaha ee USSR. Isagu wuxuu u dhintay Stalin. Waqtigaa, hababka maamul cadaadis lagu daalay, sidaas oo kale ayaa proteges Dabcan Stalin wuxu si degdeg ah lahaa si ay u fuliyaan dib u habaynta qaar ka mid ah loogu talagalay fiican oo dhaqaalaha iyo fulinta isbeddelka bulshada. Markan waxaa loo bixiyey dhalaalid. Taas oo macnaheedu yahay siyaasad of dhalaalid ee boqortooyada ruuxiga ah, waxa magacyada cusub muuqday hiddaha nololeed ee dalka, waxaad ka akhrisan kartaa in this article.

XX Congress of CPSU ah

In 1955, ka dib markii iska casilay ee Malenkov noqdo hoggaamiyaha Soofiyeeti Nikita Sergeevich Hruschev. Bishii Febraayo 1956, at xisbiga labaatanaadna Congress, ayaa la dhigay uu hadalka caan ah oo ku saabsan diintooda shakhsiyada. Ka dib markii in, hogaamiyaha cusub ee maamulka waxaa la taaban karo u xoogaystay, inkastoo mucaaradka ee casaabadiisa Stalin ee.

XX Congress ayaa bilaabay dadaallada kala duwan reformatory ee dalkeenna, noolaynta habka hagaajinta dhaqanka ee bulshada. Taas oo macnaheedu yahay siyaasad of dhalaalid ee nolosha ruuxiga ah iyo suugaanta dadka, waxa ay baran karaan ka mid ah buugaagta iyo tixaha cusub oo lagu daabacay waqtiga.

dhalaalid Policy suugaanta

In 1957 wuxuu tagaa daabacaadan dibadda ee shuqullada caanka ah ee Pasternak ee "Doctor Zhivago". In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in shuqulkan laga mamnuucay, Bixiyaan circulations weyn in nuqulo samizdatnyh dhigay on Abley jir. Masiirka isku dhacay shuqullada M. Bulgakov, Grossman iyo qorayaasha kale ee ka dambeeya waqtiga.

Tilmaan waa daabaco shuqullada caanka ah ee Solzhenitsyn ee "One Day ee Denisovicha Ivana ah." Story, kaas oo kuu sharaxaya aad looga cabsado oo maalmaha shaqada xeryaha Stalin, madaxa falanqaynta Suslov isla markiiba diiday. Laakiin editor of majaladda "New World" aysan awoodin in ay muujiyaan sheekada Solzhenitsyn shakhsi N. S. Hruschevu, ka dib markii taas oo la siiyey fasax si ay u daabacaan.

Works by tiriska repressions Stalin ee, ka Helayn ay akhristaha.

fursad u leh inay keenaan fikradahooda si ay akhristayaasha si ay u daabacaan shaqadooda in kasta oo ay faafreeb iyo maamulada - in siyaasadda dhalaalid ah loogu tala galay in boqortooyada ruuxiga ah iyo suugaanta waqtiga.

nooleenta ee tiyaatarka iyo shaneemo

In the 50-60-mada ay masraxa la kulma nadiifinta dhalashadii labaad a. In loogu tala galay siyaasadda ee dhalaalid ee boqortooyada ruuxiga ah iyo farshaxanka, waxaa fiican in aad u sheegto waajihid ee marxaladaha sare ee bartamihii qarnigii-. Tageen kallifto shaqaalaha iyo beeralayda, oo ku soo noqday waajihid stage classical ah oo ka shaqeeya 20-mada ay qarnigii XX. Laakiin weli masraxa ayaa heysatay style kooxda shaqada, iyo jagooyinka maamulka lug saraakiisha karti daran oo aan waxba aqoonin. Taas darteed, dad badan oo ka mid ah qaab ah ma arag ay dhagaystayaasha: cayaarta Meyerhold Vampilov iyo kuwo kale oo badan oo ka tagay hoos maro ku jiifa.

Dhalaaliso saamayn faa'iido on shineemada. filimo badan oo ka mid wakhtigaas noqday kuwa loo yaqaan meel ka durugsan soohdimaha dalka. Works sida "Cranes The Ma Dayuurada", "Ivan ee Childhood", ayaa ku guuleystay abaalgudyada la qaderiyo caalamiga ah. shineemo Soviet soo celiyey our xaaladda dalka kinoderzhavy in lumay laga bilaabo wakhtiga Eisenstein.

cadaadis diimeed

Dhimista cadaadis siyaasadeed ku saabsan dhinacyada kala duwan ee nolosha dadka ma saamaysay siyaasadda diinta ee gobolka. Cadaadiska oo ka mid ah hoggaamiye diineed iyo diinta ay xoojiyeen. bilaabaha The oo ka mid ah shirkadaha anti-diimeed ahaa Khrushchev qudhiisa. Halkii, burburinta jirka ah oo mu'min ah iyo hoggaamiyayaasha diinta ee madaahibta kala duwan ee dhaqanka ee jeesi dadweynaha iyo Sixir debunking. Asal ahaan, in loogu tala galay siyaasadda dhalaalid nolosha ruuxiga ah ee aaminka ah oo dhan, waxaa la hoos u dhigay a "dib-u-waxbarasho" oo cambaareeyay.

natiijooyinka

Nasiib darro, muddada barwaaqo dhaqanka ma dheer socon. Ujeedadu waxay final ee dhalaalid ah ayaa dhacdadan taariikhiga ah ee 1962 - guuldaradii of bandhig farshaxan at Manezh ah. Inkastoo xorriyaadka xaddidaysa in Midowga Soofiyeeti, si ay maalmihii madoobaa ee Stalin laabto ma ay qaadan meel. Taasi macnaheedu yahay in dhalaalid siyaasadda gudbikaraa ruuxiga ah ee muwaadin kasta, waxaan ku tilmaami karaa dareen ee isbedel dabaysha, hoos doorka miyir ballaaran oo racfaan qofka shaqsi ahaan, xaq u leeyahay inuu views iyaga u gaar ah.