Silsilad Derivational erayada adag. Sida loo dhiso silsilad ereyga-dhisidda? Tusaalooyinka silsilado derivational

jidadka formation erayga

Si looga fogaado khaladaadka in diyaarinta silsilado derivational, waxaa la fahamsan yahay sida luqada Ruush jiro dhismaha oo ka mid ah xubno cusub hadalka.

Aqoonso siyaabo dhowr ah:

1. Isku geynta. unit cusub waxaa la aasaasay by biiro kooxda sal u ah hadal keliya in ay salka kale (ama saldhig ka badan). Waxaa jira siyaabaha soo socda:

• soo saara stem + xira shaqallada + erayo dhiirigelin: gaas-o-silicate, full-of-kii oo akhrisanaya. Xaaladaha qaarkood, shaqal ku xira waxaa laga yaabaa in uu seegay: Kaliningrad;
• soo saaro aasaaska saldhigga + saarta sariiraha fadhiga salootada, marada ka kacday, oo ah sarkaal ka non-wakiishay,
• soo saara saara saldhig + saldhig + qadarin ah: madaxa-qashinka-to-a;
• gaabiyay: formation of erayo ay ku daray saldhig gebi ahaan ama qayb ahaan keenin, jaamacad, battalion, zavskladom.

2. Habka Morphological - iyadoo la kaashanayo affixes:

• qadarin ah (iyadoo la isticmaalayo dabagalayaal): raspberries-nick <= raspberries,
• prefixing (isticmaalaya horgalayaasha); dib-u-orod <= ordo;
• Postaffixal (-maxaan-ama, maalin maalmaha, Xia): guursadaan Xia <= in ay guursadaan,
• Iskujira (horgalayaasha-qadarin, suffixal prefixing et al.)

3. U badalidda (hab Morpho-naxwaha). Xaaladdan oo kale, erayga aan ku xidhnayn wax isbedel ah. Geedi socodka ah ee formation of unugyo cusub waxaa lagu fuliyaa by wareegaya ka mid ah in ay ka qayb kale oo hadalka.

• substantivizing - formation of magac ka qayb kale oo ka mid ah hadalka, shaqada habsami leh, soo jeedaan,
• adjectivization - formation sifo by kala iibsiga ka qaybaha kale hadalka: olol indhaha (is barbar: foornada dhuxusha gubanaya);
• pronominalizatsiya (kala guurka si magac ah): Macnaha halkan, laakiin isla magaalo,
• adverbializatsiya (guurka galay fal-kaab ah): in ay u gaar ah ku samayn doono (is barbar: tallaabada on qorshahaaga y);
• guurka si Meeleeyasha ah: in ay mar ku faraxsan mahad (is barbar dhig ku Shugriyeysaan isaga si uu u caawimo).

4. Habka keli-semantic. Word aysan waxba ka beddelin dhismeedka morphological, isuna macnaha ah oo kala duwan: basasha (dhirta) - qaansada (hub), burush (sawiro) - caday (ash buur).

5. Habka lexico-naxwaha: milmaan laba qaybood ama ka badan mid ka galay. Tusaale ahaan: socda The (hoos ku qoran), xumaada (wax yar wax ku ool ah).

Geynta barbaro silsilad koboca

Si aad u fahamto sida loo sameeyo silsilad ereyga-formation, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in la baaro isku xigxiga ee falalka. u hogaansanaanta adag in alaabta oo dhan aad bay u fududayn doonaan hawsha.

1. eray geliya qaab asalka.
2. Dooro dhamaan affixes heli karo - horgalayaasha, dabagalayaasha iyo xididdada.
3. Go'aaminta habka waxbarashada.
4. Raadi macnaha semantic ah element hadalka ah (haddii loo baahdo - iyadoo la kaashanayo dictionary a).
5. In taxane ah oo Qayb hal xidid soo qaado abuurayo ee qiimaha la mid ah.

Tusaale ahaan, aad rabto in aad raadiso-saarka ah ee erayga "heysta".

Dooro xididka iyo affixes: a-koob-nick, halkaas oo - horgale, naaneesta - galaas qadarin ah - xidid. Habka Prefixal-daba-galaha of formation eray. Waxaanu ku qeexnaa macnaha semantic: koobka heysta - shay in la dhigayaa hoos galaaska. Sidaas daraaddeed soo saaro erayga "muraayad" dhaqmaan doono kiiskan.

Tusaalooyinka silsilado derivational

Tixgeli dhowr tusaale oo isku xigxigta ay barbaro galeen.

"Kalsoonaada," looga baahan yahay silsilad derivational Erayga.

Sida laga soo xigtay geynta ah:

1. foomka bilowga ah - "Kalsoonaada."
2. Select affixes: waqti-seebab-iyo Th-Xia. Dabagalayaal: qaabeynta - iyo - foomka xukunnada i- -t, foomamka postfix soo laabashada falka Xia. Horgalaha kala duwan. xidid -vesel-.
3. Go'aaminta nooca dhismaha erayada, waxaan ay awoodaan si loo muujiyo galaha koboca iyo horgale. Sidaas daraaddeed, jidka - platformers-daba-galaha.
4. Dooro macnaha element hadalka "Kalsoonaada": soo galay niyadda wanaagsan, wuxuu noqon xiiso leh.
5. Geedi socodka ah ee formation eray - horgalayaasha-daba-galaha. Raadinta guud ahaan unit dhex fududeynta. erayga xiiso fal celin awtomatik ah "Kalsoonaada" waa a non-laabto falka "Kalsoonaada." Horgalaha kala duwan, haddii ay taasi ku leedahay qiimaha ficil leh oo weyn. Dhalinta ereyga falka "Kalsoonaada" waa element fudud dheeraad ah "kalsoonow", kaas oo la sameeyay, markeeda, magac "faraxsan". Sayidka, silsilad derivational noqon doonaa:

Farxad <= madadaalin <= Kalsoonaada <= Kalsoonaada

Abuur silsilad erayga dhismaha for magac ah "salting."

Sida laga soo xigtay geynta ah:

1. foomka bilowga ah - "salting."
2. Select affixes iyo xididka ah, waayo, Sol-to-ceelka. Horgalaha: xidid za-: -hydrochloric - qadarin ah: -k-, flexion: s.
3. derivation Habka: prefixal-daba-galaha.
4. Waxaanu ku qeexnaa macnaha semantic ah "salting": ilaalinta isticmaalaya cusbo.
5. Waxaan raadineynaa Halabuurka fudud saarta eray. -k The qadarin ah - waxay muujinaysaa in element codka waa magaca tallaabo, oo ka qayib falka. Labada ciyaaryahan Derivational in ay soo bandhigaan falka magac "qajaar" a. Taa baddalkeeda, horgalaha macnaheedu za- dhamaadka ficilka - ". Cusbo" falka sameeyey foomamka fudud ka badan "Si aad u cusbo" - wax ka qaban pickled isticmaalaya cusbo. Saartaa ereyga "cusbo". silsilad Derivational ku qor doonaa:

Salt <= cusbo <= qajaar <= salting

In la dhiso silsilad erayga dhismaha, waayo, sifo "nepedagogichno" ah.

Sida laga soo xigtay geynta ah:

1. foomka bilowga ah - nepedagogichno.
2. Select morpheme: non-padagog-DBS ugu horeysay. Horgalaha -pedagog- non-xidid, nary xarfaha a -, -S flexion.
3. derivation Habka: prefixal-daba-galaha.
4. Qeex macnaha semantic "nepedagogichno": aysan gaadhsiinayn ee barbaarinta.
5. Geedi socodka ah ee formation eray - prefixal-daba-galaha. Waxaan raadineynaa a fudud morphemic Halabuurka unit. The sifo "nepedagogichno" waxaa la aasaasay ka qayb ka mid ah hadalka "macquul ah" ee la horgalaha la aan diidmo ah. Sayidka, unit abuurayo in labada nin uu yahay erayga "macquul ah". Taa baddalkeeda, magac "macquul ah" waxaa la aasaasay by xarfaha a koboca - ichn- ka magac the 'barbaarinta'. slvo Tani waxaa laga magac a Halabuurka fudud "macallin". Sayidka, unit ku dhalin (vertex) ee kala horreeyaan waa "macallin" magac u. silsilad Derivational waa sida soo socota:

macalinka <= barbaarinta <= macquul <= nepedagogichno

Abuur silsilad erayga u-dhiska "razgrimirovatsya" falka.

Waxaan u fuliyaan tallaabooyinka sida ay isku geynta ah:

1. qaab lahayn - "razgrimirovatsya".
2. Select affixes: waqti-qurxiyo-Irova-Th-Xia. Horgalaha: xidid kala duwan: -grim -, qaabaynta qadarin ah falka - irova- iyo dheji -t qaab indefinite, postfix-Xia.
3. derivation Habka: prefixal-daba-galaha.
4. Waxaanu ku qeexnaa macnaha semantic ah "razgrimirovatsya" falka: iska iyada qurxiyo.
5. Habka of formation eray - platformers-qadarin ah, waxay ka dhigan tahay raadinaya qaab fudud ee unugga morphemic. falka Hakadyada "razgrimirovatsya" waxaa la aasaasay by laabashada falka "ka dhigi-up" la horgalaha kala duwan si ay tallaabo la joojiyo ka hor inta aan qiimaha. Taa baddalkeeda, falka awtomatik "ka dhigi-up" - ka non-celinta falka "ka samaysan." Dhalinta erayga "samaysan" falka waa magac "qurxiyo" non-derivative, taas oo ah vertex ee taxanaha. silsilad Derivational ka dhigan tahay nidaamka soo socda:

qurxiyo <= samaysan <= qurxiyo <= razgrimirovatsya

Waa in fiiro

In ay barbaro galeen ilaa silsilado derivational waxaa lagula talinayaa in ay bixiyaan si ay u Gudigga soo socda fiiro:

• waa in aanay noqon derivation qasan iyo falanqaynta koboca. Ujeedada Last si ay u aqoonsadaan foomamka of hadalkii oo kale. Tusaale ahaan: Waxaan ku ordi - ordaya iska - qaxeen. Halka gool kama dambaysta ah ee falanqaynta waa silsilad derivational unugyo cusub waxaa weeya,
• ku saleysan element hadalka dhowaan la sameeyey inta badan waxay ka kooban tahay affixes ka badan kuwa xiiso. Tusaale ahaan, in labada koboca: jiilaalka <= salka soo saaro xilliga qaboobaha waxaa ka mid ah mid ka mid affix - xidid - zim-, halka salaysan hadalka sababaysan ka kooban yahay xidid - zim- iyo galaha - n.
• Wehel hadalka midani qofka ama xoolaha, lab iyo dhaddig, soo saara gaaban, sida caadiga ah, waa magac a rag ah. Tusaale ahaan: Weaver <= dharsameeyaha looxiisa, Goose <= goose,
• Wehel, oo ay ku jiraan qaybaha kala duwan ee hadalka - falka, oo muujinaya ficil la taaban karin, iyo magac ama magac, taasoo muujinaysa calaamada, taagayo erayga guud ahaan waa magac ka. Tusaale ahaan: jirka <= da 'weyn, foornada <= dubo;
• fal celin awtomatik ah qayb weyn ee la aasaasay by non-celin. Tusaale ahaan: in ay baro <= inaad wax ka barato, guursadaan <= guursan;
• Erayga fal inta badan ka shaqeeya soo socda nidaamka: non-derivative falka kantaroolka midaan <= hagaagsan fal la horgalaha <= fal la midaan horgale iyo galaha: daawado <= view <= view, beeran <= beeran <= zaseivat s;
• in derivation ee Fal in unit dhalin -o sida caadiga ah waa magac wanaagsan <= wanaagsan, si degdeg ah <= daloolin laakiin.

Isticmaalka qaamuusyo in diyaarinta silsilado derivational

Xitaa geynta sawir waafaqsan silsilado derivational adag mararka qaarkood keentaa dhibaatooyin gaar ah. Xaaladdan oo kale waa ku haboon si ay u isticmaalaan qaamuuska ah. Waxaa jira koob ee gaarka ah, iyadoo la kaashanayo oo ay suurto gal tahay in ay doortaan qaab la mid ah xidid ku dhowaad wixii xubno ka hadalka. Waxay yihiin siiyey silsilado eray-sameynta - tusaalooyin unugyada a non-derivative iyo dhammaan burooyinka ay. Sheeg farsamooyinka iyo noocyada kala duwan ee dhismaha form.Takzhe luqadda waxaad ka heli kartaa talooyin ku saabsan sida loo sameeyo silsilad ereyga-formation in a xubno ka hadal gaar ah.

Foomamka derivative ku yaalaan buuga si Horeeyaan. The edition ugu dhameystiran waa "Word-formation Dictionary of af Ruush" in 2 Muga.

Isticmaalka qaamuusyo caawisaa in silsilado la xirrira, iyo kor u dhexgalkooda erayada cusub.