Sidee si loo yareeyo walaaca: habab iyo qalab

Waxaad u baahan tahay in aad ogaato sida ay u hoos danab ku soo wareegi jiray si looga hortago in dhaawac in qalabka korontada. Qof walba waa ogyahay in guryaha ay ku haboon laba fiilooyin - iyo eber wajiga. Tan waxaa lagu magacaabaa network-hal waji. Saddex-waji waxaa dhif ah loo isticmaalo guryaha qaybta iyo multi-qoyska gaarka ah. Baahida loo qabo iyada u samayn, maxaa yeelay, qalabka oo dhan ku shaqeeya by AC-hal waji ah hadda. Laakiin laftiisa in technology ayaa loo baahan yahay in la sameeyo qaab beddelidda - si loo yareeyo AC danab, u beddelaya gelin joogto ah, laga beddelo Ilodanimada inayan iyo sifooyinka kale. Waxaa daqiiqado kuwaas oo aad u baahan tahay si ay u eegaan.

danab hoos u isticmaalaya gudbiyeyaasha

Habka ugu fudud - waa in la isticmaalo transformer hooseeyo danab taas oo ka dhigaysa qaab beddelidda. hoose The fuuli jiray ka kooban yahay tiro weyn ee markooda ka badan dugsiga sare. Haddii ay jirto baahi ah in la yareeyo danab laba jeer ama saddex jeer, iyo coil sare ee aan la isticmaali Karin. hoose transformer The fuuli waxaa loo isticmaalaa sida qaybiye ah yeelista (haddii ay jirto qallooca ka). In qalabka guriga gudbiyeyaasha waxaa loo isticmaalaa, la windings sare waxaa lagu de-dar galiyeen 5, 12 ama 24 volts.

Tani waa qiimaha ugu badan loo isticmaalo ee qalabka casriga ah qoyska. 20-30 sano ka hor inta badan danab qalabka sahayda ee 9 volt. telefishannada tube A iyo kordhiyo baahan yahay danab joogta ah 150-250 V iyo AC in 6.3 filaments (laambadihii qaar ka 12.6 quudin). Sidaa darteed, transformer sare loogu fuuli jiray ka kooban yahay tiro la mid ah markooda sida hoose. In technology casriga ah, waa sii kordheysa used korontada inverter (sida korontada computer), ay design ka mid ah transformer nooca-tallaabo, waxa uu leeyahay cabbirada aad u yar.

qaybiye A danab ee guud ahaan inductor ah

Inductance - copper boogta gariiradda ah (sida caadiga ah) on silig bir ah ama muhiimka ah a ferromagnetic. Transformer - waa nooc ka mid ah inductor. Haddii ka dhexe ee aasaasiga ah ee loogu fuuli jiray in la sameeyo ka bixitaanka a, waxa ay noqon doontaa si siman u danab iyaga iyo gabagabadii xad-dhaaf ah u dhexeeya. Oo waxay noqon doontaa siman nus danab sahayda. Laakiin kiiskan, haddii transformer laftiisa waxaa loogu talagalay in la danab gaar this siin shaqeeyaan.

Laakiin waxaad isticmaali kartaa dhowr gariiradda (tusaale ahaan, in ay qaataan laba), si ay u xirmaan ee taxanahan iyo ka mid network AC ah. Ogaanshaha qiimaha inductance ah, waa ay fududahay in la sameeyo xisaabinta dhacdooyinka ku saabsan mid kasta oo iyaga ka mid ah:

1. U (L1) = U1 * (L1 / (L1 + L2)).
2. U (L2) = U1 * (L2 / (L1 + L2)).

Meelahaas waxaa qaaciidooyinka, L1 iyo L2 - inductance ah Fiilada koowaad iyo labaad, U1 - dhaxe danab ee volts, U (L1) iyo U (L2) - dhibic danab guud inductors koowaad iyo labaad u kala horreeyaan. Shaxdan waxay of wareeggeedii qaybiye sida hubkaas ayaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu qiyaaso qalabka.

capacitors qaybiye

nidaamka A aad loo jecel yahay isticmaalaa si loo yareeyo qiimaha sahayda AC ah. isticmaal DC Ma yeeli karno taas, sida capacitor a, by Aragtida reer Kirchhoff, link DC ka - farqiga this. In si kale loo dhigo, hadda waxaa soo dhex daadan doonaa. Laakiin waxay leedahay reactance ah, oo waa inay awoodaan inay ku damiyaan danab lagu jiro hawlgalka ee capacitor ku soo wareegi jiray AC. circuit qaybiye oo lamid ah kii ayaa lagu tilmaamay in kor ku xusan, laakiin halkii ay ka inductances waxaa loo isticmaalaa condensers. Xisaabinta waxaa la sameeyaa iyadoo la isticmaalayo qaaciidooyinka soo socda:

1. caabin capacitor Waxyeelo: X (C) = 1 / (2 * 3,14 * f * C).
2. Dhibic danab oo dhan C1: U (C1) = (C2 * U) / (C1 + C2).
3. Dhibic danab oo dhan C2: U (C1) = (C1 * U) / (C1 + C2).

Halkan, C1 iyo C2 - capacitors, U - dhaxe danab, f - inta jeer ee hadda.

resistors qaybiye

nidaamka waa mid aad la mid ah kuwii hore, laakiin waxaa loo isticmaalaa by resistors go'an. Habka of xisaabinta qaybiye waa wax yar oo kala duwan ka kor ku xusan. Mashruuca waxaa loo isticmaali karaa labadaba wareeggeedii AC iyo DC. Waxaan dhihi karnaa in ay tahay universal. Waxaad u isticmaali kartaa si ay u ururiyaan muddaba Converter danab. Dhibic Xisaabinta ee guud ahaan resistor kasta waxaa soo saaray ku qaaciidooyinka soo socda:

1. U (R1) = (R1 * U) / (R1 + Red2).
2. U (Red2) = (Red2 * U) / (R1 + Red2).

Waa in la ogaadaa ka mid digtoonyey, qiimaha load iska caabin ah waa in ay ahaataa 1-2 amarada baaxaddeeda ka hooseeya in ka mid ah resistors qaybinaya. Haddii kale, sax ah xisaabinta waxa uu noqon doonaa mid aad u adag.

La taaban karo circuit korontada: transformer

Si aad u dooratid transformer xoog ah, waxaad u baahan doontaa in la ogaado qaar ka mid ah macluumaad aasaasi ah:

1. users Power kuwaas oo u baahan in lagu xiro.
2. Qiimaha danab dhaxe ee.
3. Qiimaha danab la doonayo in sare loogu fuuli jiray.

Si loo xisaabiyo tirada markooda in gariiradda aasaasiga ah, waxaad u baahan tahay 50 qaybiyey degaanka ee asaasiga ah. Qaybta cross waxaa loo xisaabiyaa by formula ah:

S = 1,2 * √P1.

A P1 awood = P2 / hufnaan. oolnimada of transformer marnaba ka weynaan doona 0.8 (ama 80%). Sidaa darteed, marka la xisaabinayo qiimaha ugu badan waxa laga soo qaatay - 0.8.

Power in sare loogu fuuli jiray,

P2 = U2 * I2.

Xogtan waxaa laga heli karaa by default, sidaas darteed si ay u sameeyaan xisaab ah ma aha wax adag. Halkan sida loo yareeyo danab si 12 volts isticmaalaya transformer ah. Laakiin sidaas maaha oo dhan: qalabka ku shaqeeya by hadda si toos ah, iyo wax soo saarka ka mid ah sare loogu fuuli jiray - talantaalli. Waxa loo baahan yahay in la sameeyo isbedelo ka badan dhowr.

blocks circuit Supply: rectifier iyo filter

Next waa diinta AC in DC. Waayo, kanu Ujeedada, dioska- Semiconductor ama kiniisadda. Nooca ugu fudud ee rectifier waa hal diode ah. ayuu u yeedhay nus-la ruxruxo. Laakiin qaybinta ugu badnaan helay by circuit buundada, kaas oo u ogolaanaya ma aha oo kaliya in ay toosi talantaalli ah hadda, laakiin sidoo kale in laga takhaluso Cabidkariin ugu badan. Laakiin sida circuit Converter waa weli dhamaystirnayn, sida qayb ka variable ka mid diode Semiconductor ma laga takhaluso. A transformer danab tallaabo-down 220 badalo kartaa danab AC in ay inta jeer ee isku, laakiin qiimaha yar.

capacitors Electrolytic waxaa loo isticmaalaa in Koronto sida shaandhada. Sida laga soo xigtay Aragtida Kirchhoff ee, capacitor a wareegi jiray AC sida waa kaari iyo markii howlgala joogto ah - soconin. Sidaa darteed, qayb joogto ah si xor ah duuli doona, iyo variable waa la xiri doonaa laftiisa on, sidaas daraaddeed, ma idlaan doono on filter this. Halleeyo lillaahinimada iyo isku halaynta - taasi waa waxa lagu tilmaamay safeeyahan. Sidoo kale, ee iska caabin ah oo inductance loo isticmaali karaa yeeesha pulsations. dhismaha la mid ah ayaa loo isticmaalaa xitaa matoorrada baabuurta.

Xeerarkii danab

Waxaad bartay sida loo yareeyo danab ee heerka la doonayo. Haddaba waxa loo baahan yahay in la dejiyo. Waayo, kanu Ujeedada, qalabka gaarka ah - dioska- zener, kaas oo waxaa la sameeyey ee Silicon. Waxay rakiban yihiin in sahayda ay xoog u soo saarka DC. Mabda'a hawlgalka waa in Semiconductor waa inay awoodaan inay u boodboodaan danab gaar ah, waxa dheeraadka ah waa la beddelay kulaylka oo la siiyo by hiitarka hawada. In si kale loo dhigo, haddii sahayda ay xoog u wax soo saarka ee 15 volts, oo stabilizer ee 12, wuxuu ku seegi doona sida ugu badan ee aad u baahan tahay. Farqiga A ee 3-xubin ka tegi doonaa si loo kululeeyo (sharciga ilaalinta tamarta waa ansax).

gunaanad

A gebi ahaanba kala duwan design - jaangooyaha danab a tallaabo-down, wuxuu ka dhigaa a isbedel yar. First, danab line ah waxaa loo baddalaa DC la soo noqnoqoshada sare (ilaa 50 000 Hz). Waxaa la dejiyo oo bixisey in transformer wadnaha. Dheeraad ah oo ku jiro bedelka ah u beddesho in danab hawlgalka (AC ama ka yar macanaha). Iyada oo la adeegsanayo shido elektarooniga ah (thyristor), danab DC la diinta AC leh inta jeer ee loo baahan yahay (in shabakadaha of our dalka - 50 Hz).