Sida loo helo mugga dhululubada ah?

Erayga "dhululubo" inoo yimaadoba ka Greek - «κύλινδρος» - in Ruush ay ka dhigan tahay "kitaabkii duudduubnaa" ama "dhib kobaha", laakiin waxay leedahay saddex macnaha in xiriirka la leh, kuwaas oo laba fikradaha.

First - jirka ah joomateri kaas oo la aasaasay by wareeg ku wareegsan mid ka mid ah dhinac ka mid ah leydiga. farsamada labaad ee la adeegsaday si loogu magacaabo qaybo ama qalabka, tusaale ahaan, "qalab The" ama "dhululubo engine." koofiyadaha Ragga isagoo qaab u dhigma - saddexaad.

Su'aasha ah "sida si loo ogaado mugga dhululubada ah?" macno labada qiimaha ugu horeysay ee xalka dhibaatooyinka joomateri. Waxaa ku habboon in waxbarashada, sayniska ama farsamo (design, rakibaadda, dhismaha, dayactirka, iwm) geeddi-socodka, iyo sidoo kale nolol maalmeedka. Waayo, kiiska saddexaad waa ku haboon in laga hadlo toosan dhinacyada ku xirtaan, taas oo go'aan ay qaab iyo size.

Jawaabta su'aasha ah: "sida aad u heli mugga dhululubada ah" waxay ku xiran tahay nooca jidhka joomateri. dhululubada waa aaqirkii ama si toos ah, iyo sidoo kale wareegtada, elliptical, hyperbolic, saxan.

Inta badan eraygan fahmi jirka wareeg midig. Waxaa loo soo bandhigi karo sidii meel kaas oo la kumyadu laba barbar oo la siman yihiin diyaarado goobada oo dusha ka dhisan qaab leydi (biloowday), labada dhinac oo iska soo horjeeda kuwaas oo ku beeganto line a, goobo muujinaya, kuwaas oo meelaha isku midka ah ee cabbirka iyo qaabka. dusha kooxda waa dadab iyaga. Dhamaan doodaha ku xiga in this article gaar ah la xiriira doonaa in a dhululubo wareeg midig, sida sharaxaad ka mid ah nooc kasta oo kale waxay noqon kartaa mawduuc oo kala duwan.

Faham sida loo xisaabiyo mugga dhululubada ah, waxaa sidoo kale kaa caawin doonnaa fasirkeeda erayga "mugga". Waxa loo isticmaalaa sida qiyaas taranta of space in qaadataa walax ama jidhka. Waxa uu xiriir dhow la fikirka ah "awooda", in uu yahay, oo leh awoodda, go'aanka dhinacyada toosan iyo qaabka, inay meel weel ama weel xaddi gaar ah oo wax. mugga dhululubada ah waa kiis gaar ah oo fikirka ah "mugga ee jirka." Waxaa laga yaabaa in qaab-celiska ah, saaraayo, polyhedron kasta, koorta iyo wixii la mid ah.

mugga dhululubada waa lagu dabaqi karo in taangiyada tareenka, taas oo u rari kara 38 m3 (35 tan) oo ah walxaha kiimikada sida styrene, ama 73 m3 (55 tons) ee shidaalka Super Euro-98. Waayo, matoorada sari gudaha dhimaya design muhiim u tahay mugga shaqada. Waxaa go'aamisa awooda iyo sifooyinka kale, waayo, kiiska yar ilaa 1.1 litir, waayo krupnolitrazhnyh - in ka badan 3.5 litir.

Sidaas dib oo dhan, sida loo helo mugga dhululubada ah? tiradaasi, iyo sidoo kale jirka kale oo kasta, sida ay aagga by tarmo sarajooggeeduna, in cabbirka iyo qaabka ay cross-qaybta mar kasta oo ay weheliyaan height oo isla.

Tusaale ahaan, maxaa yeelay, jidhka si ay u sameeyaan koorta ama farsamada sida gudbikaraa ah ma ku haboon. formula ee xisaabinta mugga of a dhululubo wareeg xaq lagu sheegi karaa sida soo saarka ee π tirada (joogto xisaabeed loo siman yahay 3.14) iyo laba jibbaaran ee gacan ka (r uyeelaysaan kuwo dhexroor qeybtii) ee disk maryihii salka ku dhululubo iyo height dhululubo ah (h): V = π • Red2 • h.

magnitude sida gacan iyo height waa in la muujiyay ka mid ah unugyada (haddii height ee mitir, ka dibna waa nolosha kala duwan ee lagu qeexay mitir): mm, cm, dm, m, km. Markaas, mugga in mm 3 cm3 helay, dm3 (l), m 3 km3, siday u kala horreeyaan. Tusaale ahaan waxaa la siiyey iyo taagayo weyn ee unit la xiriira nidaamka SI.

Waxay waxaa loo isticmaalaa, laakiin wax badan ka yar, iyo unugyada kale ee aan SI cabbir, sida a pint, rubuc, gallon, foosto oo kale. Hawsha: sida loo helo mugga of height dhululubo ee 5 m a iyo gacan ku of 2 m? Jawaab: V = 3.14 • 2 • 2 • 5 = 62.8 m3.

From tusaale waxaa iska cad in hadafka diyaariyey qaab su'aal, "sida aad u heli mugga dhululubada ah?" Ma muhiimada wax ku ool weyn. Iyadoo go'aanka ay la kulmeen in ay shaqada wax ku ool ah iyo injineerada ee u gaarka ah oo kala duwan. Gasmen saarayaasha saliid iyo tirin tirada wax soo saarka gaaska gareeyeen, saliid ama petroleum kale iyada oo dhuumo. Marka mugga this of dhululubo la go'aamiyo, height of taas oo loo siman yahay dhererka biibiile ballaciisu yahay yaqaan gudaha.

Dahabtumayaashii iyo wax soo saarka kiimikada mugga xisaabiyaa (gaaska ama dareere) in qabanaysa taangiga of qaab cylindrical, isagoo garanaya dhinacyada joomateri ee qalabka capacitive iyo height ah dareeraha dhexdeeda ku shubtay. Isla sidaas u dhaqmaan wax soo saarka (cuntada ama lagu sifeeyo kiimikada a) taas oo waxaa ka buuxa galay barmiil, dhalooyin ama weelasha kale ee qaab cylindrical.

Milkiilaha kasta ayaa lagu karsado, xisaabi kartaa xaddiga badeeco in lagu meeleeyo ama ku shubay weel cylindrical, maxaa yeelay, waa ku filan tahay inaad ogaato ka dhexroor iyo height of buuxintii of weelka.