Shilalka sii daayo kiimikooyin khatar ah, Tusaale ahaan

Currently, si degdeg ah sii kordhaya kala duwan oo ka mid ah kiimikooyinka la isticmaalay ee guriga, warshadaha iyo beeraha. Qaar badan oo iyaga ka mid yihiin waxyeello iyo sunta. In shil la sii daayo kiimiko degdeg ah walxaha halista ah in meesha ay dhibaatadu saameysey dadka, xoolaha, dhirta, biyaha, carrada, hawada, iyo ma aha oo kaliya in meesha ay dhibaatadu saameysey. cawaaqib musiibo kordhiyo si ay degaanka ku hareereysan. Next, ha ka fikiro si aynu si faahfaahsan waxa ka dhacaya shil la sii daayo of kiimikooyin khatar ah. Tusaale ahaan qaar ka mid ah kiisaska lagu tilmaami doonaa in maqaalka.

Dabcan dugsiga

Xataa in hay'adda waxbarashada carruurta ku baran doontaa dhirta, taas oo laga yaabaa inuu dhaco shil, sii daayo halista kiimikada. Ammaanka Life (Darajada 8) barayaa ardayda ma aha oo kaliya sababaha ugu weyn ee shilalka. Carruurta waxaa la siiyaa aqoon aasaasi ah oo ku saabsan sida ay u dhaqmayaan in xaalad degdeg ah oo kale. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, tani ma aha dhammaan macluumaadka aad u baahan tahay in la ogaado oo ku saabsan shilka la sii daayo of kiimikooyin khatar ah. OBZH - qaabka ammaanka this, iyo casharo yar gudahood ma dabooli karaan dhibaato oo dhan. Oo kharash maanta soo maratay ku filan oo uu leeyahay aragti caalami ah.

sifooyinka guud ee shirkadaha

Sidii lagu kor ku sheegay, kiimikooyin khatar ah waxaa si weyn u isticmaala nin maanta. Haddii aan ka hadlo warshadaha, kaydka ugu weyn yihiin on difaaca, dikhaw, turxaan, saxarka iyo warqad ku daqiijin jireen. Dabcan, xeryahooda sun ah waxaa loo isticmaalaa in industry kiimikada. Sidoo kale, xaddi gaar ah oo wax la joogo waxyeello ku dhirta hilibka iyo caanaha, dukaamada qabow, at saldhigyada ganacsiga iyo bakhaarada. Xarunta The sun ah lagu ogaan karo waxyaabaha guryaha. Dhammaan shirkadaha, kuwaas oo khatar aad u daran. Waxay had iyo jeer waa wax macquul ah ee shil la sii daayo of kiimikooyin khatar ah.

xeryahooda Main waxyeello

Waxaa ugu ballaaran loo isticmaalo on scale warshadaha:

• Fluoride iyo bromide hydrogen.
• Benzene.
• Fosjiin.
• mercaptan methyl.
• Cyanide-ta.
• Sulfur dioxide.
• Acrylonitrile.
• Ammonia.
• tayadda hydrogen.
• Koloriin.

Sida caadiga ah, xeryahooda ugu sun yihiin qaab dareere ama gaaska. Inta lagu guda jiro kaydinta, isticmaalka, gaadiidka muraadada alaabada iyo soosaarka walax gaseous keeno gobolka dareere by riixo. Nidaamkan waxaa loo isticmaalaa si loo yareeyo mugga of feed. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, jaaniska shil la sii daayo of kiimikooyin khatar ah sii kordhaya.

dirka shilalka

In shil la sii daayo of kiimikooyin khatar ah abuuraa meesha ay dhibaatadu saameysey. xeryahooda sun ah awood u leeyihiin in ay si dhakhso ah u guurto hawada. Sidaas darteed, marka shil sii daayo halista ah xarunta walxaha kiimikada, dabaysha dhulka-socodka dhaqaaqin faafi karaa in ka badan tobanaan kiiloomitir. Isla mar ahaantaana ay iyagu ku dhuftay ku wareegsanaa oo dhan. Shilka kiimikada walxaha halista ah oo degdeg ah kala qaybsan yihiin qaybaha ku xiran baaxadda zone cudurka. Sidaas daraaddeed, laga yaabaa inuu dhaco gaarka ah, gobolka, xarunta, degaanka, masiibo caalami ah. category dambe waxaa ka mid ah shil sii daayo degdeg ah walxaha kiimikaad ahaan halista ah ee adduunka. Tusaalooyinka masiibadanu ay muujinaysaa sida ay u daran dhibaatada isticmaalka xeryahooda sun ah by nin.

MPC iyo "toksodoza"

gaabiyay First u taagan tahay "fiirsashada la ogolaan karo ugu badnaan" walxaha sunta ah. Sidoo kale la fikrad waxa la adeegsadaa iyo "toksodoza" ereyga (dose sun ah). qeexitaan Kuwani sifaha hantida xeryahooda waxyeello. The content ogolyahay ugu badnaan - waa fiirsashada sida in ugu saamaynta maalin kasta u shaqeeyo aadanaha muddo dheer ma keeno cudur ama bahal ah isbedel in la ogaan karaa iyadoo la isticmaalayo habab casri ah ogaanshaha a. MPC loola jeedaa sideed saac maalintii shaqeeya. Tiradaas aan la isticmaalaa in lagu qiimeeyo dhaawaca shil la sii daayo degdeg ah walxaha kiimikada halista ah. In dunida of fikradda ah "toksodoza" waxaa si weyn loo isticmaalo. tilmaame Tani waxay ka tarjumaysaa baaxadda xeryahooda keeni kara waxyeello sun.

Features

Waa in la sheegay in shilka la sii daayo of kiimikooyin khatar ah (photo of masiibooyinka qaar ka mid ah ay matalayaan ee maqaalka), lagu gartaa muddo kooban oo ficil ah qaybaha waxyeello. Mugga waxyeellada deegaanka iyo nin ku xiran tahay miisaanka iyo sumoobo xeryahooda. In shil la sii daayo of kiimikooyin khatar ah (tusaale ee dunida - caddayn) waxay abuurtaa ma aha oo kaliya halis caafimaad ah, laakiin inta badan nolosha dadka.

Shilalka sii daayo degdeg ah walxaha kiimikaad halista ah: Tusaale ahaan dibadda PE

In 2012, on 17 January, waxa ay noqotay la garanayo oo ku saabsan shilka magaalada Brühl, mid ka mid ah warshadaha qalabka soo saara. Shilka ayaa ka dhacay reaction kiimikada, sameynta daruur ah chlorine. Shilka ayaa ku dhaawacmay 39 qof. Kuwaas oo kala ah, isbitaalka diray 16. Tan iyo geedka waxaa la daad gureeyay in ay 300 oo shaqaale. June 27, 2011 ee gobolka Maraykanka ee Arkansas, in mid ka mid ah shirkadaha nidaaminta, soo saaraha weyn oo hilib Tyson Foods, shilka ka dhacay, taas oo keentay in lagu sumoobo chlorine helay 170 oo shaqaale. Sida uu warbaahinta maxaliga ah ayaa xusay, sababta shilka ahayd isku dar ah random xeryahooda sun ah oo kala duwan. Waqtiga degdegga ah ee geedka waxaa ka soo qaybgalay 600 oo shaqaale. Waxaa isbitaal 173 oo qof.

degdeg ah Gaadiidka ee dalal kala duwan

May 20, 2012 meel u dhow w / saldhigga Jarmal Mülheim kala dhantaalmi tareenka waday kiimiko. Sidaas darteed, tiro badan oo ah PE daadanayaa chloroacetate sodium, dhoobo iyo daamur saliid. gacan ka mid ah 0.5 km gudahood laga saarey, iyo khadka tareenka nafteedu ku meel gaar ah loo xidhay. In 2011, on July 11 oo u dhow magaalada Debelets (Bulgaria) rogay gaari taangi, ka imaanaya dalka Turkiga. Shilka ayaa ka dhacay dillaac vinylbenzene. About 2.5 milyan oo qof ayaa laga soo daad gureeyay meesha ay dhibaatadu saameysey. Isla sanadkaas, ayaa ku dhow inay Buckingham Palace ka gaari uu lahaa taangiga la kiimikada. Sidaas darteed of geeddiga masiibo this dadka ma waxaa loo sameeyey. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, maamulka xidhay aag gudahood gacan ka mid ah 25 mitir.

Statistics of Ruushka

In muddo ah ka 1985 si ay u 1990, ee shirkadaha ugu horeeya guriga ahaa oo ku saabsan 120 masiibooyinka ugu waaweyn. Dhacdooyinkaasi waxay ahaayeen ee la xidhiidha kaydinta, gaadiidka iyo isticmaalka wax soo saarka ee xeryahooda sun ah. Inta lagu jiro 1994, waxaa lagu duubay ku dhawaad kun shilalka noocan ah. In Russia maanta hawl 3000 walxaha kiimikaad halista ah.

Xaaladaha sheegay Ruushka

Shilalka sii daayo kiimikooyin khatar ah, tusaale u ah taasi oo markii dambe lagu tilmaami doonaa, sababo kala duwan ka dhacay. In musiibada guud dhacaan ay sabab u tahay qalad farsamo, dhaawac, depressurization taangiyada, shilalka gaadiidka. In 2013, waxaa noqday kuwa loo yaqaan oo ku saabsan shilka ee Lipetsk. Shilka ayaa ka dhacay warshad qodniinka- deegaanka. Sidaas darteed, qiiqa of weed benzene inta lagu guda jiro shilka ku dhintay 2 qof. PE aan la Ulasocto ololaya oo qarax. Intii lagu guda jiray hawlgal badbaadin ah shaqaalaha warshadda ayaa laga daadgureeyay. Waxa aan la go'an, oo khatar ku ah nolosha dadka ku nool meelaha u dhow.

Dhacdooyinka ee 2012

Nasiib darro, shil la sii daayo kiimikada halista ah ee Russia (tusaalooyin laga heli karaa suugaanta inta badan description PP dalalka kale) ma aha wax aan caadi ahayn. Sayidka, dhowr shil oo waaweyn ayaa la soo sheegay in 2012:

• In gobolka Perm ee Berezniki, in warshadda "Avisma" November 14 shil. musiibada Tani ayaa galaaftey nolosha saddex nin. 21 qof ayaa cusbitaalka lagu jiro shil this. Markii hore waxaa la sheegay in dhimashadu dhacday iyada oo sababtu tahay dillaac chlorine. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sida ka dib sheegay wakiillo ka socda Wasaaradda Arrimaha Gudaha, hawada ayaa loo tuuraa irritant kale. musiibada ka dhacay shirkada sababtoo ah shaqada fargeeto weyn lagu haadiyey damiso.
• Warshad "Devon", oo soo saarta polymers in Levashovo n. in Vyborgsky aagga SPb keentay daataan 100 l saddex metilzotsianata saameeyeen.
• In Moscow on June 12 qaboojiye warshadu hawada dhirta ammonia a dhacay mugga a of 1 litir. Waqtiga degdeg ah oo ku saabsan dhulka ee shirkada waxaa jiray 12 qof. Dhammaan shaqaalaha ayaa laga daadgureeyay. Ma jirin wax dhaawac ah ee shilka.
• Dhamaadkii May, ayaa sidoo kale ku Moscow, mid ka mid ah saldhigyada miro iyo qudaar la sii daayay Freon. Xarunta waxa loo adeegsaday in wax soo saarka ee aerosols iyo cadar, bakhtiinta dabka iyo nidaamyada qaboojiye. Sidaas darteed ee gobolka this ee degdegga ah ayaa soo gaaray 4 nin.
• The dhirta dawooyinka Barrow May 19 maxaliga ah daadanayaa 20 l xarunta chlorine-ka kooban. Shilkan ayaa ka dhacay tirada dukaan 1 ee wax soo saarka ee unit daroogada dardaro. Xarunta gaareen degaanka ee 10 m ^2. Sidaas darteed, xaaladda degdegga ah ay ku dhaawacmeen saddex.
• dillaac Koloriin at "Korund" geedka waxaa laga soo qoray May 17 magaalada Dzerzhinsk, gobolka Nizhny Novgorod. Mid ka mid ah shaqaalaha waxaa la geeyay isbitaal la sumowga. Toddoba dhibanayaasha la caawiyay in situ. The goobaha caafimaadka waa 8 qof oo la weydiiyay ka dib dhacdada.

Musiibada ee Russia 2010

November 22 waxaa jiray dhuun horumar degdeg ah mid ka mid ah dhirta qaboojiye ee waqooyiga of Moscow ee. Waxay ahayd ammonia. biibiile PP ay sabab u ahayd depressurization. Sayidka kiciyay ilaalinta si toos ah, ku dheehan ammonia feed la joojiyey. shaqaalaha shirkadda ayaa lagu daad gureeyay. dhaawac jirin ayaa la soo sheegay in shilka. In Yekaterinburg on October 21 Oo halkaas waxaa joogay sii daayo a of odorant (xarunta kiimikaad ahaan halis ah). laba Wind badewedu gooni Berezovsky oo Kalinovka. Khubarada si deg deg ah helay goobta dillaac oo ku hor istaagay. Isticmaalka xal manganese, samatabbixiyeyaasha ayaa sidoo kale soo saaray neutralizing xarunta ciidda. Hanjabaada Jirin dadka. In habeenkii ka soo 14 in 15-ka February ee Krasnokamsk CJSC "Proihimperm" soo saaray dhulka qarqinaya ah ee dareeraha. Inta lagu guda jiro shuqullada, tuubada ayaa qarxaya. Sidaas darteed, garoonka keentay 2 m ³ dareeraha. xiriir Sloped soo martay bulaacada si warshad daaweynta iyo kaydka. Sidaas darteed ee gobolka this degdeg ku hadhay oo aan biyo lahayn muddo ka badan 50 kun oo qof, sida sahay ayaa la jaray markii uu reebay cawaaqib waayaha.

Shilalka Gaadiidka la sii daayo degdeg ah walxaha kiimikaad khatarta leh ee Russia: Tusaalooyinka

In 2012, on February 6, ee gobolka Novosibirsk ee farshaxanka. Marsh hydroxide ammonium ka w / d taangiga xaday. Inta lagu guda jiro joogista miiro rubuc ka mid ah tirada of content. Part of ammonia ka daadanayaa on wadada. Wada jir ah ula tareenada xamuulka ah dal taangiga saldhiga yimid. Himzavodskaya Kuibyshev w / e. Waxaa iyana waxay ahayd uncoupled oo soo diray si ay u istaagay. Sannad ka hor, sanadkii 2011, bilowga November, rogay markab la biyo ammonia. Of wadarta (12 m) biyaa ku dhawaad 200 oo litir. dab gaaray xal maydhay. qoorta taangiga lagu shaabadeeyey. Saldhiga Chabrovsk (Main) ee isla sannadkaas, in mid ka mid ah gaadiidkii ay la ogaaday inay sigaar Habeenka of September 1. Marka hubinta waxaa laga dhex helay in ay ahayd bromine in weelka galaaska. Dhowr iyaga ka qarxay. Shaqaalaha of baabuur idaacadda waxaa si dhakhso ah loo qaadaa fogaan nabad ah. Waxaa lagu dallici Säpo. On daataan isku mid ah maalin bromine ayaa gabi ahaanba ka reebtay. Sida laga soo xigtay guddiga baadhitaanka, 132 gaartay in la sii daayo qiiqa 52 iyaga ka mid ah ayaa lagu gudbinayaa isbitaalka.

Gebogebadii

Waa dhan shil sii daayo degdeg ah walxaha kiimikaad khatarta leh ee Russia ma. Tusaalooyinka ee maqaalka, waxaa kaliya oo si rasmi ah loo yaqaan kiisaska. Qaar ka mid ah masiibooyinka aan helay sumcad. Tani waxaa sabab u ah iyaga oo yaryar. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waa in la sheegay in wax kasta oo ay ahayd, in kiis kasta oo xeryahooda sun ah oo keeni karo dhib hagaajin karin in dadka iyo deegaanka labadaba. Shilalka sii daayo kiimikada halista ah ee Russia - mid ka mid ah caqabadaha ugu weyn ee soo food saartay dowladda. The arrinta ugu deg-deg ah si ay uga waxyeello sun loo ilaaliyo dadka. Si loo hagaajiyo ammaanka goobaha ka, si looga hortago shilal ay ku lug la sii daayo degdeg ah walxaha kiimikaad khatarta leh ee nidaamka Ruush ah shaqaalaha tababarka waa in la hagaajiyo, qalabka la casriyeeyay, adkeeyay xeerarka dhaqanka ee shirkadaha sida.