Qoraal taxane-taariikheed kooban oo ka mid ah nolosha iyo shaqada Chekhov

Maanta waxaan u sheegi ku saabsan Anton Chekhov - oo ku saabsan naftiisa. Iyo shaqada Chekhov ayaa loo soo bandhigi doonaa in this article. Bal aan ka bilowno Biography kooban, ka dibna sharax wax kasta oo si faahfaahsan.

qoraal taxane-taariikheed kooban oo nolosha iyo shaqada A. ku P. Chehova

• Anton Pavlovich Chehov ku dhashay 17 (29) January 1860 ee Taganrog. Qoyska uu ka waalidkiis - Chehovy Pavel Georgievich (baayacmushtariga) iyo Evgenia Yakovlevna.
• Xiliga laga 1876 in 1878 - wakhtigan, ka tijaabo ugu horeysay suugaanta qoraaga.
• Waxbarasho ee Jaamacadda Moscow, at Kuliyadda ee Medicine, lagu qabtay 1879-1884, siday u kala horreeyaan.
• In 1880 wuxuu la daabacay, oo shuqulladaadii hore ee qoraaga, iyo sidoo kale in ay shaqada ka fulinayeen Magaalada joornaalo kala duwan maadda ah "saacad Alarm" "jajabkii,", "baalkaa-biyood".
• In 1890, Chekhov u tageen inay jasiiradda of Sakhalin.
• Waxa uu bilaabay shaqada ee 1898 la Art Moscow Tiyaatarka, kaas oo lagu qabtay waqti isku mid ah Ciyaar ee cayaarta "shimbir badeed".
• OL guurka si Olga Knipper - 1901.
• 1903-1904 GG. - play ahaa ee ugu horeeyay martigeliso at Art Moscow Tiyaatarka hoos magaca "Cherry Orchard The."
• In 1904, 2 (15) ee July, qoraaga ku dhintay Badenweiler, ee loo dalxiis tago ee dalka Jarmalka.

Sidaas daraaddeed, waxaan si kooban u sharxi nolosha iyo shaqada Chekhov. Shaxda, oo la samayn karaa laga bilaabo qoraal taxane-taariikheed this, kaa caawin doona inaad si fiican u milmi macluumaadka, haddii aad rabto in la xasuusto taariikhaha muhiimka ah ee la xidhiidha qofka ee Anton Chekhov.

Haddii aad rabto in aad wax dheeraad ah aqoon qoto-dheer ee Biography ah, waxay kaa caawin doonaa dulmar si caddaalad ah oo faahfaahsan oo ka mid ah nolosha iyo shaqada Chekhov in aan sameeyey iyo dalab ah in aad fiiro maanta.

In guriga waalidka uu '

Chehov Anton Pavlovich ku dhashay Taganrog. Uu awoowe uu ahaa Serf ah oo u dhashay, laakiin iibsaday doonaa isaga qudhiisa iyo qoyskiisa oo waxay u adeegeen intaas ka dib tababare estate (qaar ka mid ah muuqaalada uu image muuqataa in qof ka mid ah berooshkuna "The Cherry Orchard"). Aabbaha Anton Pavlovich leedahay dukaanka raashinka ah, laakiin khilaafeen awood si ay u qabtaan arrimaha dhaqaalaha, waa shaqayn karto. In uu qof ku midoobeen badan: siiyo carruurta xirfaddaada farshaxan (wanaagsan Paul G. sawirka, laakiin sidoo kale jeclaan of music, ciyaaro fiyoliin, jeclaaday hees kaniisadda) la imperiousness oo culus-daranyihiin marka la eego qoyska iyo dadka kale. Chekhov, dib uu carruurnimada, ku qoray in Alexander, walaalkiis weynaa 1883kii in carruurnimada waxaa sumoobay jahli. kaligiitalinimo Qoyska iyo Cadaab horumariyo diidmada Chekhov rabshadaha iyo Dulmi, rabitaan ee madaxbanaanida, dareen korordhaysa ee isku kalsooni.

Independence nolosha

Iyo hal-abuur, iyo nolosha Chekhov ee hore noqday madax-bannaan. In qoyskiisa, carruurta si deg deg ah u noqday madax-bannaan. Wiilashii caawiyay in ganacsiga, laga bilaabo da'da hore ka shaqeeya dukaanka. Anton Pavlovich si ka da 'yar ah ayaa la Hawiyaha ee deegaanka guriga, ayuu nadiifiyaa aqalka, u tageen inay suuqa, biyo qaadeen, isaga qudhiisu collar waayo qaab maydhay, buuxsamay iyo laambadaheedii la shito.

Laakiin in uu naftiisa waxaa jiray wax kale: qaab gudaha iyo skits in Chekhov qudhiisu been abuurtay una soo ciyaaray isagoo la socda walaalihiis, oo uu kalluumaysiga. Qoyska uu ka bilaabay inuu sameeyo hooyada dhalaalaysa, oo ahaa caaqil, daacad iyo naag nooc.

adduunka ee dabiiciga ah ee nolosha iyo shaqada Chekhov

Tan iyo carruurnimada, Anton Pavlovich dunida jacayl u qabay dabiiciga ah, ayaa ka tagay calaamad u qoto dheer oo ku saabsan naftiisa, toosin oon u ah nolosha. Oo shuqulka Chekhov ka tarjumaysaa this. In sheekooyinka waynu kulmi sharaxaad ka mid ah steppe ka, Baay Taganrog ( "Steppe The", "On Night Christmas" iyo kuwa kale.). Aad u ba'ani ka war xiriir la leh dabiiciga ah ee qoraaga nolosha oo dhan, waxaana uu muujiyay in shaqo ee ay saamayn qoto dheer nolosha aadanaha. In Chekhov ee shuqullada nooca humanized: xoolaha, ubaxa, geedaha, iyo qabaa dareemaan sida dadka ( "Ha baqina", "White-weeerarka", "Kashtanka," "Agatha").

Waxbarashada dugsiga

walaalkiisii weynaa ayaa u suurtagashay in ay qabsadaan waqtiga marka qoyska meel amaan ah, guriga macalin booqanaya France, ka dib markii taas oo uu bedelay Mme. Waayo, Nicholas, walaalkiis qoraaga mustaqbalka, ayaa lagu casuumay sida macalinka music ah.

Marka Anton ku soo koray, xaaladda dhaqaale ee qoyska ayaa sii xumaatay, oo sidaas daraaddeed ayuu awoodaan si ay u helaan oo kaliya waxbarashada dugsiga sare. dana gaar ah waxbarashada dugsiga naxwaha in Chekhov, si kastaba ha ahaatee, ma keeni. hay'ad Tani waxa ay ahayd caadiga ah ee wakhtigaas. waxaa On waxaad samayn kartaa fikrad badan ama ka yar sax ah sheeko gaaban Chekhov ayaa cinwaan looga dhigay "The Man in Case ah".

Dugsiga sare sayniska iyo sidoo kale-sameeyay, waxaan lahaa xoqad ah, qalabka ugu dambeeyay ee xafiiska. Anton at casharada of Law Ilaah noqday arday jecel ee Pokrovskogo Fedora Platonovicha. Waxa ay ahayd mid xiiso leh, qof aan caadi ahayn, kuwaas oo hore ogaaday in talanti maadda ah qoraaga mustaqbalka iyo isaga siiyey naaneesta Chekhonte taasi oo markii dambe ahaa anagu Chekhov. Sidaas darteed, wuxuu door ee uu noloshiisa. Oo shuqulka Chekhov qaab qaaday oo aan ku lug of shakhsiyadda this xiiso leh. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa adkaaday in ruuxa dugsiga, inta lagu gartaa formalism iyo bureaucratism. On formation ruuxiga ah ee qoraaga mustaqbalka si xoog leh u saameeyay buugaagta iyo tiyaatarka. Waxaa horumariyo jacayl hore ee riwaayadaha, at da'da 13 sano, qoraa mustaqbalka horey u ahaa booqdaha joogto ah tiyaatarka Taganrog ah.

Si aad muddada this sidoo kale iska leh uu dadaal suugaanta ugu horeysay, oo hadda loo yaqaan oo kaliya magacyada la abuuray, halka Chekhov. Life iyo hal-abuur, ee gaaban, waqti this calaamadeeyay by qaar ka mid ah dhacdooyinka muhiimka ah. xaqiiqooyinka taariikh nololeedkooda aasaasiga ah waxaan ku soo bandhigay, sida la eego hal-abuurka, la soco soo socda. Sida oo iskuul ah, uu daabacay wargayska "Bakeylaha", ku qoray majaajilada ah "La yaab ma laha digaag gabay ah" iyo "Found diamond cut a," iyo sidoo kale riwaayadaha ah "agoonta".

Baabi'iyaasha qoyska Chekhov

In 1876, aabbe u ahaa Anton Pavlovich kacday, ayaa lagu qasbay inuu qoyskiisa in aanu tagno Moosko. Anton keligiis ayuu hadhay ee Taganrog at da'da 16 sano, sida uu ka qalin jabiyay dugsiga sare. Markaasuu bilaabay inuu ku kasban siinayo casharo gaar ah, fogeeyey iyo xataa xawaaladaha qoyska. Kuwa sano adag tahay, nolol buuxda jabkii, ee tijaabooyin iyo dhibaatooyin, gacan ka koriinkedu hore ee qoraaga sida Chekhov ah. Life iyo shaqo (si kooban u tilmaamay) muddo dheeraad ah oo ay soo socda dhacdooyinka aasaasiga ah calaamadeeyay.

Chekhov - ardayga ee Moscow State University

Markuu maray imtixaanka kama dambaysta ah ee 1879, Chekhov u tageen inay Moscow. Halkan uu ka diiwaangashan University Moscow ee, macalimiinta ee dawada. Laga soo bilaabo koorsada ugu horeysay Chekhov bilaabay inuu ka shaqeeyo wargeysyada kala duwan, ku daabacan. Qoysaska waxaa ku dhowaad isha kaliya ee maalgelinta noqday dakhliga suugaanta. Chekhov noqday madaxa qoyska iyo bixiyaha.

Shuqullada ugu horaysay la daabacay

shuqulladiisii ugu horaysay la daabacay (parody) soo baxay in majaladda "baalkaa-biyood". Czech doorashada Jidka suugaanta, daabacan labadaba noocyo maadda ah oo halis ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, shuqulka hore u badnaayeen hore. Under magac been kala duwan (Brother walaalkay, Man The aan caajisnimo ah, Antosha Chehonte) waxaa la daabacay ee majaladaha maadda ah "jajabkii," "baalkaa-biyood", "Alarm", "daawade". The noocyo ugu weyn taas oo ay jirto ahaa jaraa'id oo kaftan ah waqtiga, waxaa jiray kala duwan "wax yar" in la abuuray by Buzadag gaar ah: .. aphorisms kaftan ah, jadwalka maadda ah, qoraalka, anecdotes, qaamuusyo, ad maadda, buugagii, iwm ay Chekhov ugu dhakhsaha badan baasana oo dareemay in uu ku dhow iyaga.

sheekooyin garneel iyo kaftan ah

In sano ee 1882-1883 waxaa jiray sheekooyin sida "Dhimashada si rasmi ah," "qaro waaweyn oo khafiif ah", "Gabadhay of Albion." Iyada oo dad badan oo reer shuqulladii ka qoran qaab Dakatu, waa in a sheeko gaaban maadda, maadda ah taas oo ah si ay u gudbiyaan oo ku baaqay in geesiyaal. Czech kiciyey sifayn si heer suugaanta halis ah. Waxaa ka mid ah qaababka farshaxan ah goobaha Chekhov ayaa soo socda: Magaca fudud ah, ugu yaraan sharaxaad iyo sharaxaada ( "Burbot", "martida", "Help", "In qubayska"), oo wuxuu ku yidhi magacyada (actor caanaqubta, ilaaliye Guud Zapupyrin Ochumelov, sayidkayga Khriukin) iyo funny hadlay characters luqadda.

midab cusub ee shuqullada Chekhov

Threads dambe xagga shuqullada hore u jooga dalka ugu horreeya ee sheekooyinka Chekhov ee: qoraaga ku qoslaa qaabdarro oo ka mid ah dhaqanka iyo fikirka dadka, sheegashooyin ay madhan. Waqti ka, shuqullada waa tonality cusub. Waxaa rajaxayo in shuqullada kaftan weli, laakiin uu helo qaar ka mid ah midabo kala cusub, dhawaaqa cusub - murugo ah, lyrical. Waa la arki karaa ka dhaqdhaqaaqa jees jeesi jireen inay falanqaynta, iyo characters funny - diidani ah, adag. Ma bedelay images of characters shaqsi maaskaro. In sheekooyinka la xidhiidha muddada 1883-1886 sano ( "arts", "caadi", "Tosca", "Huntsman"), waa mustaqbalka hore u arki karo Chekhov.

Samaynta story Chekhov ee

Sii noloshii iyo shaqadii of Chekhov. kooban oo ka mid ah in muddada u dhaxaysa 1884 in 1888 waxaa la siin karaa sida soo socota. In 1884, dhamaystaan waxbarashada jaamacadda, Chekhov shaqeeya Zvenigorod, Voskresensk. Waxa uu sidoo kale waa wariye ah wargeyska Moscow ee, "jajabkii". In muddo ah ka 1884 in 1888 uu soo saaray shuqullo badan - in ka badan 350. Sheekada Chekhov ee waqtigan la sameeyo sida asalka ah iyo ifafaale cusub ee suugaanta Ruush. Chekhov ee ku sifayn this yar u suurtagashay in ay meel content weyn nafsi ah, bulshada iyo falsafada. Waxa la yaab leh waxa ay foomkan capacious.

ubax ee talent Anton Chekhov in nooca sheekada

Waayo, muddada 1880-1890-mada nooca qof waxaa lagu go'aamiyaa (celcelis ahaan, caadi ah, inta badan dadka "wax yar") finalka. image shayga noqdo walise, nolol maalmeedka. Markan waxaa loo arkaa talinaysay ee talent Chekhov ee. Abuuritaanka ururin cusub. In 1886 - "Stories jaho kale" ee 1887 - "hadalka Innocent" iyo "Oo waxay ahayd gabbaldhac", in 1888 - "Stories" ee 1890 - ". Dadka xumida leh" Writer Pushkin Prize waxaa la guddoonsiiyey for buugga loo yaqaan "Oo waxay ahayd gabbaldhac". In xilliga dayrta ee 1887 uu ku qoray a comedy "Ivanov", ka dibna - vaudeville "Jubilee", "Wedding", "Hindise The" iyo "Bear The", kuwaas oo la dhigay in tiyaatarada xirfadeed.

Chekhov loo diraa jasiiradda of Sakhalin

Safarka A si Sakhalin bedeshay nolosha iyo shaqada Chekhov. Si kooban u sharax dhacdooyinka ugu muhiimsan ee ka dambeeya waqtiga. On jasiiradda this, Chekhov baxay inuu ku dhow yahay inuu dembiilayaasha. Halkan wuxuu kaloo sameeyey saddex bilood oo keliya tirakoobka, la hadlay dad kala duwan. Chekhov, muwaadin iyo artist, ayaa go'aansaday inuu dadka tuso runta adag. Natiijada safarka - daabacay 1894 buugga "The Island ee Sakhalin".

Works qoran 90s ee

Ka dib markii in, ifafaale of xaqiiqada gudaha, oo uu ku daweeyeen qallafsan. The ugu horeysay ee shuqullada waaweyn ku qoran ka dib safarka noqday sheeko ah oo lagu magacaabo "xafiiltanka" (daabacay 1891), iyo sidoo kale "Chamber №6" - sheekada, kaas oo la daabacay 1892.

Czech ee 90 sano qoray oo ku saabsan dhibaatooyinkooda, saarneyn, muranada barnaamijyada kala duwan ee nolosha ( "Rothschild ee kaman", "Grasshopper," "Macalinka Suugaanta"). Wakhtigan, sida sheekooyinka la abuuray sida "About Love", "Gooseberries," "Man in Case ah", "Ionich".

In guga ee 1892 qoraaga degeen guryaha Melikhovo dhow Moscow, ku hawlan hawlaha bulshada samafalka, ayuu daawaynaya beeralayda, dugsiyada dhismaha, xarunta caafimaadka. Waxa uu naftiisa u badala. Chekhov, nolosha, shuqulladiisa oo waa isku xiran, abuurista ku salaysan waayo-aragnimo u shaqeeyo "In durdurka ah", "New Villa", "gaadhi", "Guys".

Abwaan Antona Pavlovicha Chehova

piece The ugu horeysay, taas oo bilaabay dramaturgy Chekhovian - waa "shimbir badeed The." Waxaa soo gudbisay tiyaatarka ee Alexandria ee 1896. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, fikrad ma ahaa guul. Sababta - fahmay ka badan oo hal-abuurnimo Chekhov ee. 2 sano wax soo saarka ee Art Moscow Tiyaatarka ka dib, waxay ka kudhegaas ah. Ka dib "shimbir badeed The," yimid play ah "Adeer Vanya" (1899), ayaa sidoo kale u ciyaaray guul weyn. In shuqullada dambe ( "Saddex Sisters" iyo "The Cherry Orchard" - 1901 iyo 1903 sano, siday u kala horreeyaan) hore u soo bixitaankii mabaadi'da qoraaga riwaayado buuxa.

sano ee la soo dhaafay ee uu noloshiisa

In 1897, Chekhov ayaa lagu qasbay in ay rugta caafimaadka TB tagaan, ka dibna xilliga qaboobaha 1897-1898 ee Nice. At adkeysi ee dhakhaatiirta ayuu u tegey oo ku September 1898 ee Yalta, halkaas oo uu ku qaatay xilliga qaboobaha. Sanadihii la soo dhaafay, qoraaga ayaa la isku diyaarineysa shuqullada soo ururiyey, taas oo, in laba koob ee (1899-1902 th iyo 1903 ee.) Muuqday in print.

In 1901, qoraa guursaday Aktarada Olga Knipper Leonardovna.

Tartiib tartiib, uu caafimaad ka sii dartay, dhakhaatiirta ku adkeystay on diraya Germany Badenweiler. Qoraaga Tani waxay tageen xagga naagtiisa. 2 (15) ee July 1904 waxay ahayd maalintii ugu dambaysay ee uu noloshiisa.

Oo shuqulka Chekhov, iyo hawlaha guud, iyo xaqiiqooyinka kala duwan ka qofeed na tusaysaa in uu ahaa nin ka mid ah hadafyada ruuxi sare iyo qiimaha moral. Thanks to sida uu yahay, dunida helo wax yar ka fiican. KOWAAD nolosha iyo shaqada Chekhov ayaa lagu soo bandhigay in this article. Waxaan ku farxi doonaa haddii aad dhalisay in aan doonayaa in aan sii yiqiin la this qoraa cajiib ah. The nolosha iyo shaqada Chekhov, oo uu Biography waa mid aad u Waano iyo xiiso leh. In this article, nasiib daro, faahfaahinta oo dhan wax aan macquul aheyn inay u sheegaan.