Polovtsian - a ... Raadi kuwa Cumans ah

Waxaa muddo dheer loo rumeysan yahay in Polovtsian - waa cadowga ee dalka Ruushka, sida xubno ka mid ah qabiilka this lagu arkay weeraro badan oo dalka ka mid ah dalka. dhacdooyin Si kastaba ha ahaatee, taariikhyahanadu lagu yaqaan jiritaanka qabiilooyinka Polovtsian deris iyo Slavs ah, iyo sidoo kale ay ololaha ka dhanka ah, tusaale ahaan, ee dalka Hungary, ee Volga Bulgars, Mongols iyo kuwa kale. Waxyaabaha marqaatiga, daaha qarsoon ee this reer guuraaga ah qabiilka, waxa wali aan xad yar, laakiin haddana waxaa loo isticmaali karaa si ay ula socdaan asalka ah taariikhda dadka Polovtsian.

awowayaashiis Polovtsian ahaayeen Chinese?

Macnaha "Polovtsian" ee luqada qadiimiga ah waxay muujinaysaa in Slavs sida dadka loo yaqaan ama ka yimid deel ah (ka yimid ereyga "field"), ama galyadeena hurdi maqaarka (ka yimid ereyga "polov" ah - "jaalle ah").

Indeed, awowayaashood waxay ahaayeen reer guuraa Polovtsian ku nool deel u dhexeeya Tien Eastern Shan iyo Mongoliyaan Altai, oo Chinese ugu baaqay Dadka Seyanto. In deegaanka in ay jirto dawlad qadiimiga ah, aasaasay 630, taas oo, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa si deg deg ah lagu halligay ah Uighurs iyo Shiinaha oo la isku. Ka dib markii in dadka deggan meelo ka mid ah ayaa bedelay magaca generic "Syrah" in "Kipchaks", taas oo macnaheedu yahay "nasiib darro, nasiib darro," oo u tegey Irtysh iyo deel bari ee Kazakhstan.

Fasiraadda qarnigii sagaal iyo tobnaad iyo ra'yi ah ee Sakharov

The macnaha iyo turjumaadda ereyga "Polovtsian" ayaa sidoo kale ku fasiray by khubaro qaar ka mid ah sida ku dhacay ka ereyga "kalluumaysiga", taas oo macnaheedu ugaarsi (macnaha hantida iyo dadka), iyo sidoo kale erayga "buuxa" - qabteen, kaxaystay by wakiilka meesha Slavs ah.

Qarnigii sagaal iyo tobnaad (gaar ahaan E. iyo A. Skrizhinskaya Kunik) Magaca loo aqoonsaday by xididdada qabiilooyinka waa kuwan "Pol" waxaa loola jeedaa badh. Sida kor ku xusan, cilmi ayaa la wareegay, dadka deegaanka ee qadiimiga ah Kiev, yaal Dhiniciisa Midig, Dnieper ah, wuxuu u yeedhay reer guuraa, kuwaas oo dhinaca kale ee webiga yimid, "la dabaqa oo dhan." Academician Dmitry Likhachev guud ahaan loo arkaa oo dhan version la soo jeediyay aan dhammeystirneyn. Waxa uu u maleeyay in waxa qarsoon ee asalka ah ee magaca qabiilka taasi marnaba lagu xalin doonaa, sida-Kipchak Cumans tagay lacagta ugu yar ee waraaqaha qoraal u gaar ah.

Cumans - tani ma aha qabiil gaar ah

Maanta, waxaa la rumeysan yahay in Polovtsian ah - wakiil ka reero isu qabiilooyinka reer guuraaga ah, iyo xogta, kuwaas oo ku salaysan yihiin xaqiiqda ah in ee AD qarnigii kow iyo dadka Kipchak ayaa ka guulaystay by qabiil Mongol kumosi-Kimaks, ka dibna waxay u guureen xagga galbeed, oo ay weheliyaan wakiillo ka socda qabiilooyinka Mongoloid ah - Kidane. By dhamaadka soddon jirka ahayd ee qarnigii kow iyo tobnaad, this collection of dadyowga weerareen deel u dhexeeya Volga iyo Irtysh iyo in soohdimaha gobolka Old Ruush yimid.

dadka "Yellow" in xuduudka reer Russia yimid

About kuwa Cumans ka eegaysana ee taariikhda documentary Ruush markii ugu horeysay siiyey sharaxaad Hypation Chronicle ee 1055. Sida laga soo xigtay qoraal gacmeedka this, in soohdimaha boqortooyada dadka Pereslavsky yimid "dhalaalaya huruud ah", taas oo loo ogol yahay inuu ku meeleeyo ku Kipchaks iyo qabiilooyinka Mongoloid magaca generic "Cumans".

dadyowga Newcomers degeen Badda ee Azov, inta lagu guda jiro Don Hoose iyo Waqooyiga, halkaas oo ay ku arkeen dhagixii "naag", taas oo, sida saynisyahano rumaysan, qabiilooyinka reer guuraaga aasaasay xasuusta awowayaashood ka.

Waa kuwee Cumans mar ka barta of view of waxbarista diinta? Waxaa la rumeysan yahay in dhexdhexaad this markii hore ku dhaqma nidaam awowayaashiin reer guuraaga ah, kaas oo lagu fuliyey dejinta farshaxan dhagax qaybo sare Steppe, watersheds ee quduuska ah oo gaar ah. Xaaladdan oo kale, aaska si toos ah oo aan had iyo jeer ahaayeen dhow. The Polovtsian Qubuuraha ayaa inta badan kordhiyay aaska marxuumka, oo ay la socdaan waxyaabaha qoyska iyo baqtigooda (cufan) uu warhorse.

Laba kun oo Sanamyada dhagax oo qoraal ah ugu yaraan

In ka badan qabuurihii dadka caanka ah by heerarka Wiinkeey Polovtsian. In times dhawaan ka badan, Muslimiinta markii ay qabsadeen Kipchaks ah, taxadiri qayb jaahilka waxaa lagu halligay. Si aad u taariikhda, soohdinta reer Russia casri ku hadhay oo ku saabsan 2000 "dumarka" dhagax (ka "balbal" - "awoowe"), kaas oo ay weli loo arkaa in ay awood u leeyihiin in ay kor u bacriminta ee dalka, dib u soo celinta ee dabiiciga ah. taxadiri waxay ku badbaaday qarniyo, oo ay ku jiraan muddada Christianization Polovtsian. Mushrikiinta, Muslimiinta, Kiristanka - in kii Cumans ee xilliyada kala duwan ee horumarineed ee set this dadka.

Waxay yihiin fallaadh wax dilaysa oo hoos shimbiraha on Daqsi

Ka dib markii uu ku deel bariga Yurub ee BC qarnigii line- Cumans ma aysan joogsan ee degaanka iyo sii waday si ay u degaan on, faa'iido u ah in tani ay ahayd sabab u ah joogitaanka sida gaari awood waqtiga, sida faras, iyo hub wanaagsan oo ah qaab qaanso.

Polovtsian - ugu horrayn waxa weeyi dagaalyahan ah. The carruurta qabiil laga soo bilaabo yaraantooda of baray horsemanship iyo dagaal farsamooyinka in mar dambe ay soo gaareen in ka koshuna - Maleeshiyo ka panulirus isku. In koshun aad ka mid noqon kara daraasiin dad ah, ama saddex ama afar boqol, oo weeraray cadowga sida gebiyo, waxaa ku hareereysan kaatunkiisii oo daboolay fallaadho soo qaatay. Ka sokow slozhnosostavnyh farsamo sare wakhtigaas lahaa qaansooyin Polovtsi sabers, mindiyo, warmo. Waxay ahaayeen hubkiisiina foomka of taarikada qaab bir ah. Ay awoodiisa military ahaa sidaas sare in ugu laabto buuxda ka fuushanba qaansada lagu soo rido yaabaa shimbir kasta oo duulaya.

Camp kariyaha hoos koore ah ...

Waa kuwee Cumans ah marka la eego hab-nololeedka? Dadyowga oo kuwaasu waxay ahaayeen reer guuraaga ah ee caadiga ah, aad u qabyo ahayn, xitaa by heerarka wakhtigaas. Markii hore waxay ku noolaa gaadhi oo dedan ama teendhooyin dareemay, caanaha, farmaajada iyo hilibka cayriin cunaan, oo waxay jilcisaa hoos koore ee faras. Of weerarada keeneen bililiqada iyo maxaabiista, si tartiib ah u la wareegay ka dhaqamada kale aqoon, caadooyinka iyo caadooyinka. Inkasta oo asalka ah ee erayga ma aha qeexidda ah saxda ah ee waxa ay ka dhigan tahay in Polovtsian, waayo-aragnimo, waayo, adigu quruumo badan ee wakhtigaas.

Ay qaataan dhaqanka Polovtsy ahaa qof sidii reer guuraaga Kipchak qarnigii tobnaad ayaa gaaray deel Ciscaucasian (on p heerka Sunzha ahaa Khan Polovtsian.), Ayaa booqday in Pomorie, Surozh iyo Korsun, Pomorie, Tmutarakani go'an wadar ahaan ku saabsan 46 weerarada rus, taas oo inta badan ku guulaystay, laakiin waxaa jiray kuwo khasaaray. Gaar ahaan, ku dhawaad 1100 BC ku saabsan 45 kun Kipchaks ayaa xilka Rusichi dalkii Joorijiyaan, kuwaas oo lagu daray dadka degaanka.

caadooyinka Polovtsian seegi wax kasta iyo qof kasta oo lagu qabtay by gacanta, keentay in xaqiiqda ah in waqti gaar ah oo ka mid ah dadyowga reer guuraaga ay barteen in ay guryo la dhiso qaboobaha, halkaas oo xitaa la qalabeeyay foornada ekaanta xubno ka kululaynta Ruush. dhar harag heer hoose lagu qurxiyey marsami on gacmo ay, sida kuwii gobta ahaa Byzantine, qabiilooyinka waxaa ka mid ah ahaayeen calaamadaha ururka.

boqortooyada Polovtsian aan ka yarayn European ahaa

By markii uu Fatxi oo ka mid ah ciidamada Mongol-Tatar ee faraha Polovtsian XIII qarnigii waa urur, ugu xoogga badan ee ay ahaayeen Don iyo Dniester ah. Oo waagaas, Polovtsian - wakiil ah dadka kuwaas oo ku noolaa meel u dhigma ee size in boqortooyooyinka Yurub. Kuwani marinka dhismaha carqalad lagu magaabo ee wadada jiido "ka Varangians Gariigga", fuliyay on gudaha gaar ah rus ahaayeen firfircoon ka hor iyo 90s ee qarnigii laba iyo tobnaad, oo korkoodana waxaa kipchaki dagaal inta badan juunyeerka Ruush inta lagu guda jiro mezhknyazheskih markii dagaalladii sokeeye.

Sidaas sida aan ka jawaabi kartaa su'aasha ah kuwaas oo Cumans ah? waxaa la Xukumi karo taariikhda qadiimiga ah, inay dadkanu, in kasta oo ay heer hoose qaar ka mid ah, ayaa door muhiim ah ka qaataan map siyaasadeed ee dunida wakhtigaas iyo formation of jinsiyado kala duwan, oo ay ku jiraan maanta.