Oogada Bariga Afrika. Meeh Oogada Bariga Afrika?

Oogada Bariga Afrika waxa uu ku yaalaa in koonfur-galbeed ka mid ah "Horn of Africa" - Peninsula Soomaali ah, oo koonfur ka buuraleyda sare ee Itoobiya. The gargaarka of this dhul baaxad weyn si adag dissected. Halkan, ka danbow buurta ugu sareeya lagu daro dooxooyinka qoto dheer oo Rift Valley Weyn. dhaqdhaqaaqa Crustal waxaa la socda dhulgariir iyo buureedyada. Ku dhawaad aagga oo idil waa aaga cimilada subequatorial.

buuraleyda East African: waxbarashada qarnigii XIX ah

Qaybta kiciyey qaarada qarniyo fara badan ayaa si xun bartay. Inkasta oo isugu soo kaararka Kilimanjaro macaamilooday si (qarnigii II-III BC) Blotemigii kale. Sidaana waxa peak baraf qariyey a buur dhow badmaax dhulbaraha iyo baayacmushtariyadii ee qarniyadii dhexe. qaybsanaanta gumeysiga hor joogsaday deegaanka cilmi nidaamsan.

Asal ahaan qayb ka mid ah dhulka, taas oo ah meesha ugu sarreysa ugu sareeya ee Africa, waxaa iska lahaa Britain. Waxaa jira version a in 1889 Queen Ingiriiska Victoria siiyey Emperor of Germany Wilhelm II (Shaam), volcano nasinta ugu weyn ee Africa - Kilimanjaro. Ilaa 1918, waxay ahayd wax caadi ah in Europe, sidoo kale loo yaqaan ay koorta - "peak ee Wilhelm Kaiser ah". aqoonyahanada cilmiga ah ayaa muujiyey xiisaha ay daraasadda of arrintan in labaatankii sano ee la soo dhaafay qarnigii XIX ah, marka fuusho Kibo Jarmal Hans Meyer. Tan iyo markaas, ma u engegay socodka saynisyahano iyo dalxiisayaasha oo doonaya in ay arkaan marno waxay Rafaa, harooyinka quruxda badan, geesood aan caadi ahayn ee dabiiciga ah. In Tansaaniya, Kenya iyo dalalka kale ee Bariga Afrika si ay u horumariyaan dalxiiska, abuuraa dakhliga.

Qaab-dhismeedka dhulka of East Africa

Taas bedelkeeda, Asia iyo America, in qayb ka mid ah ee dunida u kordhiyay ma tiixtiix buuraha duubnaadaan, kaas oo lagu sharaxay by taariikhda dhulka iyo qaab-dhismeedka ka mid ah dhulka udubyadiisa. The ugu Qolol heer ka sarreeya oo ka mid ah badaha, unit burbursan iyo mobile - ka Oogada Bariga Afrika. height ee inta badan dhulka - ka 500 1500 m aasaaska ka kooban crystalline qadiimiga ah iyo dhagaxyada metamorphic, da'dooda - .. In ka badan 2 bilyan oo sano jir. saldhiga ah waa goosin madal Precambrian pramaterika Gondwana. In cover aasan sameeyay dusha. Zaman Cenozoic halkan waxaa jiray gelinba weyn ee qolof ah dhulka, iyo in heerka ugu dambeeya ee dhismaha buurta waxaa jiray zone dunida ee qalad weyn iyo uplifts.

sarajooggiisu wuxuu waadaxa ah ee buuraleyda Bariga Afrika in ka badan 1000 m. Dalka oo dhan waxa lagu gartaa hawl seismic sare, dhulgariir, hawl Kobenhagen ayaa lagu arkay casriga ah. Dhererka guud ee ugu weyn dunida ee rabshooyin tectonic waqooyi ilaa koonfur waa 6000 km. Unu ka Bariga Dhow iman sameeyey Badda Cas agteeda. In Africa, waxay bilaabaan in dooxada waqooyi Danakil iyo dhamaado koonfurta dhow afka webiga. Zambezi.

meel juquraafi

Babacyada High - taagga Bariga Afrika - on map ka daboolaa aag badan ee qaaradda, kaas oo ah in qayb ka mid ah waqooyiga gudbo dhulbaraha. Si galbeed been weysada Congo.

Dhererka buuraleyda sare ee Itoobiya in Lake Nyasa (waqooyi ilaa koonfur) waa 1750 km. From geesta galbeed inay Badweynta Hindiya ee xeebaha -1400 km ah. Bedka dhulka taagga ah ku yaal xagga bari oo ka mid ah buuraha Ruwenzori iyo Virunga soo diyaariyeen. The danbow ugu sareeya ee loo yaqaano ah oo halkan dhinac la unu tectonic qoto dheer, dooxooyinka. In deegaanka this waa asalka ah watersheds ugu weyn iyo Wabiyaal Africa (Congo, Nile, Zambezi). territory waxaa iska leh dalalka kala duwan ee qaaradda: Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Rwanda, Burundi, Malawi.

Features of degaanka dabiiciga ah gargaarka

The danbow ugu muhiimsan ee banka Bariga Afrika - waa marno firfircoon iyo nasinta:

• Kilimanjaro (5895 m);
• Kenya (5199 m);
• Cabbirka (4565 m);
• Elgon (4320 m).

buurta ugu sareeya ee qaaradda - Kilimanjaro, waxaa ku yaal Tansaaniya. dadka deegaanka waxa ay ugu yeedhaan "White Mountain," "House of Ilaah, oo sidda qabow ah." Ifaysa baraf cad iyo glaciers ee Kilimanjaro waa la arki waayo, boqollaal kiilomitir. Wadini buuraha sameeyay saddex danbow: a dhexe - Kibo (5696 m), bariga - Mawenzi (5149 m), Western - Shire (3962 m). Oogada Bariga Afrika ayaa kaydka weyn ee biyaha la cabbo. depression balaaran tectonic degan gacmeed (80 m) Lake Victoria Basin - ugu weyn ee qaaradda iyo deegaanka kaydka labaad ee biyaha cusub ee dunida. Its height sareeya heerka biyaha badda waa 1134. m Goobtan waxaa jira weelka kale ee biyaha cusub -. Lake Tanganyika, Rudolph, Edward, glaciers Alpine.

macdan

In Eastern Africa, dhismayaasha baraf aad u dhow dusha sare ay yihiin, taas oo kuu sahlaysa si ay u baadhaan, sahaminta iyo soo-saarka ee senti bir, iyo dhagaxyo qaali ah. Iyada oo qayb ka mid ah oo kala duwan noocyada gargaarka waxaa ku badan ma aha oo kaliya dhagaxyada ugu da'da weyn. Waxaa jira dhalinyaro ah ku aasan iyo qaababka Kobenhagen. qayb ka mid ah barriga, halkaasoo buuraleyda Bariga Afrika, hodan ku magmatic, metamorphic, dhagaxyada ku aasan, macdanta. Liiska macdanta bixiyay:

• bir, iyo qasacad senti,
• Noble (dahab), iyo macdanaha dhif ah;
• kayd diamond:
• qaali tanzanite dhagax ;
• dhuxusha,
• fluorite.

kala duwanaanta dabeecadda buuraleyda Bariga Afrika

this beerta cimilada dhulweynaha waxaa saameeya tacsida hawada Equatorial iyo kulaylaha la xirrira xilli - qoyan iyo qalalan. At cagta ee volcano ah, soo food Badweynta Hindiya, roobab ka badan yahay dalcadaha galbeedka. Oogada Bariga Afrika - waa bannaanka iyo plateaus, oo waxaa ku badan savannas iyo dhul-dhireed. dalagyada ka leexsan fidiyaa si sare ah ee 1800 m dhirta caadiga ah -. cows, xoortay, baobabs hal, qudhac ah dallada iyo geedo kale. In boqortooyada xoolaha ee Bariga Afrika waxaa ku badan ungulates herbivorous, carnivores, shimbiraha biyaha.

In savannas kici dhismaha Kadalaan, masaska badanaa laga helaa, mulacyada iyo tortoises. In waqooyiga Tansaaniya kala ah buuraleyda Kobenhagen baaxad weyn iyo dhexroor caansan dunida ee ay bohol (Caldara) Ngorongoro 22 km. Qeybta hoose - Lake Magadi, Savannah Biosphere Reserve ee isku magaca. In qaybtan ka mid ah qaaradda (galbeed ee bohol ee Ngorongoro Highlands) waxa uu ku yaalaa Olduvai taal, halkaas oo hadhaagii dadkii hore laga helay kuwaas oo ku noolaa 2 million. Years ka hor, ka Qalfoofkii xoolaha dileen iyagii, faasas dhagax heer hoose iyo scrapers by.

Marno, iyo savannas ee Africa soo jiidatay tiro badan oo dalxiisayaal ka soo adduunka oo dhan. socodka ugu weyn waxaa soo galaya mudo ka June ilaa September. Waayo, waxbarasho iyo daryeel kala duwan oo dhan dabiiciga ah, urur ecotourism ee dhulka sare East African abuuray seerayaasha qaranka waaweyn iyo kaydka.