Nidaamka lacag bixinta Qaranka ee Russia. Sharciga Federaalka "On System Payment Qaranka"

Nidaamka Qaran ee kaararka lacagta Russia ayaa la aasaasay oo ku saleysan Sharciga Federaalka № 112 taariikhaysan May 5, 2014. Ujeedada ay formation u adeegta si loo xaqiijiyo helitaanka, waxtarka iyo sii of bixinta adeegyada la xiriira suuqa kala iibsiga lacagaha. dheeraad ah ka fiirso sida nidaamka qaranka ee kaararka lacagta ee Ruushka.

macluumaadka taariikhiga ah

Dhismaha nidaamka bixinta Qaranka bilaabay sanadkii 1990. Sanadkii 1992 waxaa lagu qabtay degsiimooyinka isku xidhka la xubno ka Card STB. nidaamka lacag bixinta "Midowga Card" waxaa la abuuray by 1993. By 1999 ayay ku biirtay 457 ururada bangiyada iyo xulufadooda. Iibsada ayaa sii daayay in ka badan saddex milyan oo kaararka lacagta. "Golden Crown" waxaa la aasaasay dabayaaqadii 1993. By 2014, nidaamka lacag bixinta ku soo dejin doono wada wareegsan 87 bangiyada in soo saaray in ka badan 8 milyan oo kaararka. Bishii Oktoobar 1994, Guddiga Joogtada ah ayaa la sameeyay. Dadaalka ay aasaaska iska Moscow GTU Bank of Russia. Guddiga ayaa waxaa la aasaasay horrayn for ogaanshaha hore ee dhibaatooyinka dhaxgalka ee degsiimooyinka isku xidhka. Tani waxay u saamixi lahaa in ay saamayn wax ku ool ah oo ku saabsan tirtiridda dhibaatooyin iyo in la xaqiijiyo is-dhaafsiga ee views ururada bangiyada ku saabsan is-dhaafsiga macluumaadka. Sida mid ka mid ah hawlaha ugu muhiimsan ee guddiga ku dooday in ay formation iyo hagaajinta nidaamka kaararka caaga ah ee Moscow.

Background of formation

Ka dib markii la falanqeeyo aragnimo caalamka, jaamacadda DTU Moscow State garawsannay in Ruushka uu leeyahay fursad gaar ah si ay u isticmaalaan dhaqanka caalamiga, gaar ahaan France, si ay u tagaan on wadada gaaban yimid. Ujeedada this waxaa lagama maarmaan ahayd in la mideeyo dadaalka ururada bangiyada. Moscow University Technical State ayaa arkay doorkeeda in habkan in isuduwidda ee ka qaybgalayaasha in formation of nidaamka kaadhka midaysan ee Moscow. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, inta badan oo ka mid ah ururada bangiyada ugu weyn, wuxuu leeyahay shabakad laamo ku yaala gobolada kala duwan ee Russia ee. Marka nidaamka lacag bixinta marka la isku daro ay u bartaan lahaa qiyaasta qaran.

kooxda shaqada

Iyada oo la tixgelinayo xaaladda hadda jirta, GTU Moscow in xoogga la saaro hawlaha ay jidhka ku fulinta ee Bank of Russia. Group Working oo ka kooban in ka badan labaatan xirfadlayaasha. Intaa waxaa dheer in uu ku jiheeyo Bank of Russia matalayo Moscow State University Farsamada, Ururka hay'adaha bangiyada gudaha. Waxaa ka mid ah xubnaha ka shaqeynaya waxay ahaayeen ugu weyn iyo isu keenista. Waxaa ka mid ah, gaar ahaan, waxaa ka mid ah Sberbank, "Agroprom", "Inkom" SBS-Agro "iyo kuwa kale. In hawlgallada Group Working iyo hay'adda FAGCI Caal.. Jidhka fulinta marka loo eego tirada inta badan ahaayeen wakiillo ka socda shirkadaha credit card.

Meelaha dhaqdhaqaaqa of Group Working ah

dadaalka Body ayaa diiradda on ujeeddooyinka soo socda:

1. Horumarinta waraaqo mashruuca oo ka mid ah Bank of Russia, bixinta wareegga iyo isticmaalka xubno caag samaynta dhaqdhaqaaqa lacagaha ee Ruushka.
2. Horumarinta Nidaamka Bixinta Qaranka.

Project Warqadaha waxaa la sameeyey wuxuu u diray hoggaanka Ruush Bankiga. Ka dibna waxa (ka dib markii la joojiyo oo ka mid ah hawlaha Group Working ah) waxaa la dhameystiray oo ansixiyey. qoraalkani u taagan yahay ficil ugu horeysay, kaas oo nidaaminaya by nidaamka kaadhka lacagta qaranka (NBTS). Marka laga su'aasha labaad ee shaqo firfircoon ee Group Working ku yimid bartamihii 1996-. Halkaa marka ay marayso, jidhka galay marxaladda horumarka iyo dhismaha mashruuc tijaabo ah, taas oo ay ahayd in ay u dhaqmaan hab National kaararka lacagta. NBTS, sida ay khubarada ah ee Fund IMF Adduunka, u baahan tahay $ 5 million. lacagta waa in ku filan si ay u hirgeliyaan shabakadda. Sida ku cad qodobada Fund IMF ee 50% ee lacagta this waxaa si toos ah loo qoondeeyay nafsaddiisa, oo badhkoodii kalena waa in laga helay ilo ay keeni Russia. Shirkadaha credit card, taas oo ay joogaan ee halabuurka ah ee Group Working wakhtigaas, waxay ahaayeen diyaar u ah inay maal 50% ka mid ah mashruuca. Waxay xaqiijisay warqado rasmi ah heshiis ay. Laakiin, sida maaraynta Bank Ruush ah ayaa go'aansaday in ay xooga saarto dadaalada ay ku saabsan horumarinta meelaha kale ee nidaamka bixinta ilaa bartamihii 1996-, hawlaha xubnaha kale ee Guddiga Caalamiga ah iyo sidoo kale si toos ah by Group Working la joojiyo. dadaalka Control ayaa ugu horrayn diiradda on formation of mashaariic kala iibsiga hormarsataan waaweyn oo hawlgallada bulk lacag.

2000

Si nidaamka lacag bixinta qaranka Ruush bilaabay inuu u shaqeeyo, waxaa lagama maarmaan ahayd qaab-dhismeedka sharciyeed. Bilowga horumarka aan ahaa mashaariicda iyada. Marka tan la eego, in 2000 hore. Waxaa la ansixiyay tiro ka mid ah sharciyada. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in geeddi-socodka lagu ansixiyay xeerarka dhowr dhibcood oo muhiim ah ayaa laga badiyay. In marxaladda soo socota hawsha maalgelinta mashruuca waxaa mar dambe taagan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, bangiyada waxay awoodi waayeen in ay gaadhaan heshiis ku saabsan cidda dhab ahaan ka tartaa heli doontaa. dhalidda suuqa weyn urur ma doonayay. waaxdan abuuraa dakhliga la taaban karo ka guddiyada dhinca dhaqdhaqaaqa ee. Iyadoo bangiyada Ruush ku heshiiyeen, suuqa waxaa loo kala qaybiyey by hababka lacag bixinta ee caalamiga ah "Card Master" iyo "Visa". Qaar ka mid ah shirkadaha maaliyadeed ee qoyska ayaa la aasaasay koox iskaashi. Macaamiisha ee bangiyada, kuwaas oo adeegi ATM ururada oo dhan. Kooxdu waxay ugu weyn waxaa loo arkaa "United Dejinta Network." Waxay ku lug leedahay oo ku saabsan 100 ATM ee bangiyada.

nidaamka lacag bixinta Qaranka ee Russia, tallaabada xigta

Sanadkii 2010 waxaa lagu fuliyaa horumarinta sharciyada federaalka loogu talagalay sharci u sameynta bixinta adeegyada degmada iyo gobolka. qodobada ay ka mid tahay in bilaabi doonaan shaqeeya nidaamka lacag bixinta qaranka Russia, iyo processing ee macaamil ganacsi gudaha dibadda waxaa la ganaaxi doonaa. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xaqiiqda ah in ay soo jiidatay of Safaaradda Mareykanka ee magaalada Moscow. Waxaa caddaatay in ay dhacdo baxsi biilka aan isbedel shirkadda ee "Card Master" iyo "Visa" lumin doonaa suuqa la dakhliga ku saabsan US $ 4 bilyan oo .. Munaasabaddan safiirada waxaa ka kooban telegraam, hagaajiyaa sar sare addoonkiisii rayidka ah ee America. Qoraalka shaqaalaha lagula talinayaa in ay ka faa'iidaystaan kulan la asxaabteena ka Federation Ruush ah si ay u bixiyaan cadaadis la soo dhaafay in la beddelo biilka. Waxaan sidaas ku siin lahaa damaanad ah si ay u ilaaliyaan danaha shirkadaha American, saarayso suurogalka ah ee waxyeello iyaga. In xeerka la daabacay maqnaanayo mamnuucidda on baaraandegidda xawaalad guriga dibadda.

Sharciga Federaalka "On System Payment Qaranka"

Waxaa la ansixiyay 2011-kii. Law "On System Qaranka Payment" Federaalka qeexayaa network sida set bayaan, xawilaan. Sharciga dhigaya fikradaha aasaasiga ah ee xukuma bixinta adeegyada. Ficilka uu caadi ku qeexan xeerarka waa in shaqeeyaan nidaamka lacag bixinta qaranka. Qaab dhismeedka network waxaa la aasaasay oo ku saleysan ku xusan sharciga. Oo ay la socoto this la goostay amarka taas oo ah in ay dusha kala socdaan oo wada-shaqayn. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sharciga ma siiyaan nidaamka ah kaararka lacagta qaranka iyo mamnuucista processing macaamil ganacsi lacag ee Ruush dibadda.

go'aano muhiim ah

Waxay la qaatay sannadkii 2011. go'aanda kor ku xusan oo ku saabsan abuurista card electronic ah universal, rabay ka qaybgalka ee geedi socodka nidaamka caalamiga ah "Master Card" iyo "Visa". Isla mar ahaantaana Sberbank ayaa ballan-qaaday in ay qaadaan tallaabooyin si takhalusi ah "ololaynaysa shabakadaha kuwaas oo madaxda Ruushka." By bilowgii 2013 Bankiga Dhexe ayaa sameeyay diiwaanka ee ka shaqeeya. dhammaan hababka lacag bixinta, ka shaqeeyey in Russia ayaa la sameeyey si salka this. iyaga ka mid ah, kuwa ahaayeen go'doon, oo wuxuu lahaa muhimad bulsho gaar ah. Waxaa ka mid ah, gaar ahaan, waxaa lagu kala saaraa sida: Contact, network "VTB" iyo Bank Savings ah, "Golden Crown", "Card Master", "Visa".

2014

Bishii Maarso ee sannadkan in US soo rogay cunaqabatayn Russia oo xidhiidh la leh noqoshada ee la soo dhaafay of Crimean ah. "Card Master" iyo "Visa" markii labaad ee taariikhda adeegyada card joojiyay tiro ka mid ah bangiyada gudaha ee ATM iyo dhibcood ee sale of network caalamka qaar ka mid ah. Marka tan la eego, mar kale su'aal ka kacay oo ku saabsan xaqiiqada ah in Russia waa inuu jiraa nidaam lacagta qaranka. Russia u baahan yahay ay network gaarka ah, madax banaan oo ka mid ah gobolka xiriirka ee dunida. Marka tan la eego, diyaarinta tiro ka mid ah beddelka sharciga la ansixiyay ayaa la bilaabay. Waxay lahaa si ay u fududeeyaan macluumaadka iyo kaabayaasha mid ah cadadka la wareejinta habka xiritaanka lacag caddaan ah gudahood Ruushka. Taas macnaheedu waa in xarumo xaadhista iyo hawl ah - maadooyinka ee Nidaamka Bixinta Qaranka - waa in si toos ah in lagu rakibaa on dhulka ee dalka. Isla mar ahaantaana, sharciga ogol yahay ganaax on bixinta helitaanka iyo kala iibsiga macluumaadka wadamada shisheeye inay warbixin ku saabsan macaamil ganacsi gudaha ee Ruushka. Dhamaadkii bishii March 2014 waxa ay si firfircoon uga bilaabay wada hadlaan fulinta tallaabooyinka lagama maarmaanka ah. Madaxweynaha V. V. Putin ansixiyey formation of System Qaranka by amro sida ugu dhaqsaha badan loo sii wadi in ay horumarinta iyo fulinta.