Nidaamka Geocentric iyo heliocentric dunida: nuxurka, muhiimada iyo kala soocin

Dhig nidaamka Earth ee caalamka oo wakhtiga hore daryeelo aqoon yahanno. Maqnaanshaha of farsamo hab waxbarasho sax ah oo alaab ah meel iyo waayo-aragnimo yar ee jaamacadaha UCLA, tan iyo qarniyadii hore dhaxlay, uma ay oggolaan saynisyahano in qadiimiga ah Greece iyo qarniyadii dhexe sameeyaan view dhamaystiran oo sax ah ee qaab-dhismeedka caalamka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, qorayaal aragtiyaha ugu horeysay cosmological aasaaskii ku dhigay on taasi oo markii dambe la sameeyey ayaa sal u ah aqoonta casriga ah. Iyo muhiimadda gaarka ah ee arrintan la xiriira yihiin nidaamka geocentric iyo heliocentric dunida, shidan yihiin farcankii saynisyahano iyo aqoon yahanno ah oo waqtiyo kala duwan ee cilmi-baaris cusub.

geocentrism Fikradda

nidaamka abuurka Tani, taas oo meel dhexe la siiyo dunida. Xaaladdan oo kale, The Sun ayaa isku bedbedeli doono hareeraha dhidibka. Iyadoo la tixraacayo nidaamka isku xirka geocentric, dhibic hore tixraaca waxaa sidoo kale ku yaal dhulka. Waxaa muhiim ah in la ogaado in caalamka oo dhan, sida ay aragtidani, waa xadidan tahay. Jawaabta su'aasha ah ee kan ku abuuray nidaamka geocentric, maanta loo yaqaan, inkastoo kala duwanaansho badan oo ka mid ah aragtiyaha soo jeedin ah qorayaasha yar. Weli, aasaasihii fikrad this ahaa Klavdiy Ptolemey, kuwaas oo siiyey kor u fikradda ah goobta dhexe ee Earth ee caalamka. Haddii aan ka hadlo oo ku saabsan tafsiiro kala duwan ee aragtida this, in Zowjada, tusaale ahaan, ka dhigay hal dhibic ka mid ah taageerada ay joogaan dunida dacaladeeda.

Sidoo kale, waxaa jira versions in dhulka degan jago joogto ah ama xitaa isku shaandheyn. Dhinaca kale, ka geocentric nidaamka dunida Blotemigii qaab classical ku lug leedahay wareeg ee jidhadhka samada. Gaar ahaan, uu cilmi baaris ku bilaabay la falanqayn xiriirka dayaxa, kaas oo u dhaqaaqay ee daafaha adduunka. In mustaqbalka, qoraaga aragtida iyo go'aan ay ka yimaadeen in wareeg ee caalamka laftiisa. Barbaro ah in ay this, waxaan u hormarsataan talooyin kala duwan sida dhulka habaynayso boos joogto ah.

ifafaale ah sumalka uguma nidaamka geocentrism

Sharax in dhaqdhaqaaqa sinnayn oo ka mid ah meydadka oo jannada ka mid yahay dhibaatooyinka ugu weyn ee cirbixiyeyaasha Greek. fikrado cusub oo ku saabsan mooshinka ee meerayaasha ee excenters kala duwan u daadiyaan iftiin on xidhiidhka ka dhexeeya jidhadhka samada, laakiin waqti isku mid ah ay caqabd ka mid ah si ka duwan. In model geocentric this of Blotemigii lahaa kala cilmiga Theorem-kiciyo, sida laga soo xigtay oo ka jidhadhka samada ahaayeen asal ahaan rabbaani - Sidaa darteed, waxay lahaayeen in ay sameeyaan dhaqdhaqaaq uniform kaliya. Dhaggan aragtida this diyaariyay hab gaar ah halkaas oo dhaqdhaqaaq adag oo alaab ah ayaa lagu micneeyey sida natiijada wadareed ku daray wareeg dheeraad ah uniform of goobada. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, la dhalashada ee aragtida ah ee bisection ee eccentricity fikradaha sida mar dambe hadda.

Xaq laga dhigo oo nidaamka geocentric ee caalamka

Waxaa ka mid ah dhibaatooyinka ugu waaweyn ee soo food raaca geocentrism, muujiyo Fikirka ah ee meelaha dhexe oo ka mid ah dhulka iyo muddaada. Haddii xataa qoraaga model geocentric Klavdiy Ptolemey la hadlay oo ku saabsan xaaladda labaad ee caalamka waa muhiim fikradda ah booska uu ka meeraha, ku hadhay ku salaysan aragtida ah. Mid ka mid ah taageerayaasha fikrad this ahaa Aristotle, kuwaas oo ku dooday meel dhexe ee caalamka ay miisaan. Sida laga soo xigtay saadaasha wakhtiga, meesha dabiiciga ah ee jirkooda culus waxaa laga yaabaa kaliya ee xarunta caalamka oo dhan. fahamka waxaa la xoojiyay by xaqiiqada ah in badan oo miisaan sababa walxaha si ay ugu dhaceen dhici. Tan iyo dhammaan meydadka boos toos ah xagga xarunta dunida, mass of Earth u badan tahay inay ku yaalaan sida saxda ah ee ay marayso.

Waxaa jiray aragtiyo kale si ay u sharxaan booska dhexe ee dhulka. Tusaale ahaan, Blotemigii ay taageereen fikradda ah ee ay adagtahay ee caalamka in mashquulin meel kala duwan ee caalamka. Sababta tani waa mid fudud ilaa xad - by kantaroolka ee Earth waqooyiga ama koonfurta qaraabo goobta xarunta. Aqoon yahanno qiimeeyo, sida dhici karta hadh qoraxda la qaabeynta this, iyo suuragal ah keliya yimid, in ay view, muuqashadii ah ee goobta caalamka ee - in xarunta. Waa inaan sheegaa in nidaamka geocentric iyo heliocentric dunida mustaqbalka u eryi doonaa in dareenka xaaladaha qaabeynta ee caalamka ka.

Geocentricism ee Renaissance ah

Laga bilaabo xilliga Dr Makumbe hore, cirbixiyeyaasha si firfircoon uga noqday sahamin iyo horumarinta versions kale oo qaabeynta this. Tusaale ahaan, in Renaissance ah, culimada Yurub ayaa Nagi dareenka badan isfeerada-gashan. Isla mar ahaantaana u muuqday iyo shuruudaha for model ah, taas oo marka la isku daro nidaamka geocentric iyo heliocentric dunida, ugu yaraan in qeybo ka mid. Taageerayaasha of isku darka noocan oo kale ah la rumaysan yahay in dhulka uu weli ahaa xarunta dunida, oo weli, iyo dayaxa iyo qorraxda mareeg ay dhidibka. Isla mar ahaantaana inta kale ee caalamka ayaa la rumaysan yahay in ay isku beddeli agagaarka qorraxda. fikrad Tani iyo tartanka ugu weyn waxaa ka buuxay aragtida ah heliocentric. Muhiimsan, iyo meelaha kale, taas oo soo koraya saynisyahano geocentricism ee Renaissance ah. Tusaale ahaan, sarkhaansan yihiin falsafad dabiiciga ah, cirbixiyeyaasha badan ayaa u soo jeestay in daraasadda Caalamka superlunary iyo sublunary. By habka, Aristotle rumeysan yahay in Samooyinka in shahaado la mid ah tirayn, iyo sidoo kale dhulka. Sidoo kale muujiyay views oo inkira jiritaanka dhexgalaan samadu.

Baxsi ah geocentrism

horumarinta degdegga ah ee sayniska ee qarnigii XVII ah. ogol yahay in ay nidaaminta aqoonta iyo hagaajinta fahamka caalamka oo dhan. Macnaha halkan, waxaan aan la saanqaadi yaabaa nidaamka geocentric iyo heliocentric dunida, tan iyo fikradda labaad waxaa ka badan istiwooday aqoon yahanno, oo iyaga ku dhex Copernicus iyo Galileo. Waxaa ka mid ah dhacdooyinka ugu muhiimsan ee sayniska in ay gacan ka baxsi ah ee geocentrism, gaar ahaan waxay u taagan tahay soo baxay abuurista aragtida ah ee mooshinka Planetary. kaalin lixaad leh horumarinta ee xiddigaha iyo daahfurtay in sameeyey telescopic ah Galileo, iyo sidoo kale helitaanka sharciyada Kepler ee.

Waxaa xusid mudan in geocentricism dheer oo ay taageerayaan kiniisadda. dhaggan diinta ee aragtida this aaminsan yahay in dhulka uu ahaa si gaar ah u abuuray awoodda rabbaaniga ah ee qofka, sidaas awgeed waa meel dhexe ee caalamka waa macquul ah oo dabiici ah. Inkastoo taageerada this, model geocentric of Copernicus beddelaa aragti cusub, oo diiday dhexaad dhulka. More indhaynta sare telescopic si buuxda u diiday geocentricism classic iyo taasoo wadada u xaareysa heliocentrism.

Nuxurka nidaamka heliocentric dunida

Inkastoo ugu sarreysa ee horumarinta fikradda this ka dhacay Renaissance ah, oo xididdada ay asalkiisu ka soo jeedo ee Giriigii hore. Xaqiiqdu waxay tahay in wakhtiga Blotemigii ahaa geocentrism ah fikirka ugu soo jiidashada badan, hoosiis heliocentrism. Tartiib tartiib, xaaladda ayaa iska beddelay, jidaynayey taageerayaasha iyo dhibic kale oo view in la dhiso ay aragti. Waxaa jiray nidaamka this dugsiga Theorem. Sida laga soo xigtay qorayaasha nidaamka heliocentric dunida, Philolaus of Croton, Dhulka ma aha kala duwan oo ka soo meerayaasha kale, iyo guuro hareeraha shayga dahsoon, laakiin aan qorraxda. Later fikrad this kaamil by aqoon yahanno kale, iyo in muddada aragti Renaissance ee taageerayaasha garawsannay in qorraxdu soo baxdo waa jidhka dhexe iyo Dhulka kooban oo ku wareegsan u yimid. Later, nidaamka Copernican loo sameeyay oo caalamka ah ka dhigay motion wareeg ah uniform.

Marka la barbardhigo hababka geocentric iyo heliocentric dunida

Muddo dheer taageerayaasha labada fikradaha aan gaadhi karo heshiis dhinacyo badan oo aasaasi ah. Xaqiiqada ah in labada aragtiyood leeyihiin kala duwanaansho badan, is beddeleen oo ay soo hagaagtay, laakiin mabaadi'da aasaasiga ah sutida. Faraqa ugu weyn ee u dhexeeya nidaamka geocentric iyo heliocentric dunida hoos meeshii Earth ee caalamka iyo la xiriirta qorraxda. Dadka taageersan fikradda ugu horeysay ee la rumaysan yahay in caalamka degan meel dhexe. Taas bedelkeeda, geocentricism soo jeedisay in Earth ka daba noqonayaa qorraxda, iyo waqti isku mid ah jeestay ay dhidibka.

Horumarinta ee Kepler heliocentrism

Aragtida tan iyo markii ay dejinta ugu horeysay ayaa iska badaley dhamaadkii qarnigii XVI ka. Waxaan dhihi karnaa in abuuraha nidaamka heliocentric dunida in qiyaas ah waxgarashada casriga ah ee foomka - waa Iogann Kepler, kuwaas oo kaalin muhiim ah in horumarinta xiddigaha. Xitaa inta lagu guda jiro waxbarashada ayuu ogaaday muhimadda ay leedahay sharxaya dhaqdhaqaaqa adag oo quraxda xidiga ah. In mustaqbalka, waxa ay horumarin doontaa awoodda si ay u xisaabiso heerka nidaamka Planetary iyadoo la kaashanayo xogta dheehidda.

Aqoonta sayniska diyaariyey by Kepler, waxaa suurto gal ah in la ogaado dhaqdhaqaaqa meerayaasha ee ellipse ah, idiinna ee hordhaca ah ee fikirka, iyo sidoo kale Fikirka ah ee sharciyada cusub, kaas oo lagu ogaado booska uu ka qaraabo Earth inay qorraxda. Dabcan, aasaasihii Theorem nidaamka heliocentric dunida, u badan tahay in aan marnaba la rogmato sida badan uu fikradda la soo saari karaa. Laakiin waxaa suurto gal ah si loo xoojiyo aqoon yahanno qadiimiga fikradda ah wakiilnimada ugu saxsan.

saamaynta Heliocentrism ku saabsan horumarinta physics

Extension ah aragtida ah ka qayb qaatay horumarinta physics iyo farsamo. Xaqiiqada ah in saynisyahano, kuwaas oo cilmi baaris ah ee goobahaas waxay ahayd su'aal muhiim ah - maxaad dhaqdhaqaaqa dunida aan dareemay by dadka? Jawaabtu ahaa relativity mooshinka. nidaamka Geocentric iyo heliocentric dunida siyaabo badan u taagan yihiin saamaynta cuf. Xaaladda hore, ku saleysan awood this yihiin dhexgalaan nested, oo ku salaysan aragti heliocentric ka dib waxaa la diyaariyey sharciga relativity, iyo sidoo kale mabda'a tiiro. On ku salaysan aqoonta this, saynisyahano yeelatay hab guud by kaas oo xalin dhammaan dhibaatooyinka farsamo.

Qiimaha nidaamka heliocentric dunida

In geeddi-socodka of xalinta dhibaatooyinka, kuwaas oo waqtiyo kala duwan ku riday fikradda heliocentric caalamka oo dhan, saynisyahano ayaa awooday in ay dejinayaan mabaadi'da on taas oo nidaamka Planetary waxaa loo qabanqaabiyaa. Iyada oo ku saleysan cilmiga kuwanu waxay ahaayeen mooshinka Planetary, taas oo, ee jeedo, saamayn horumarinta physics. Waxaan dhihi karnaa in dhaggan aragtida this aasaaska u dhigeen, waayo, farsamo ee qaabka classical. Laakiin jawaabta kale oo badan oo xiiso leh in su'aasha ah waa maxay muhiimadda nidaamka heliocentric dunida marka la eego xiddigaha. First of dhan, nidaamka ayaa u shidan cilmi berrinkii cosmology hugaaminaya, taas oo loo ogol yahay in la furo goobaha cusub ee caalamka. Intaa waxaa dheer, ay sabab u tahay muranka heliocentrism ahaa kala soocin ee cilmiga sayniska iyo Diinta.

gunaanad

In kasta oo horumar ka badan ee hab farsamada ee sahaminta bannaan, xataa maanta, ma joogsan dood ku saabsan meel Earth ee caalamka, taas oo saameyn ku nidaamka geocentric iyo heliocentric dunida. Oo qorraxdii waxay ku, sidii hore, waa mid ka mid ah asaaska ah ee doodaha noocan ah. Tusaale ahaan, saynisyahano badan oo abuurka qirayaa in jawaab gabi ahaanba sax ah si su'aalo ku saabsan Gudigga ee wareeg ee dunida dacaladeeda, xilligan la joogo horumarka ka mid ah ma ku siin kara. Iyadoo la tixgelinayo booska dhexe ee caalamka, oo aan wax walba waa cad. Xaqiiqada ah in, in xad ah ee bannaan, dhibic kasta oo la oran karo waa sida xarunta, si guul buuxda aragtida ah heliocentric of geocentrism hadli karin.