Neurula - yada a of horumarinta embriyaha

Mid ka mid ah muddooyinka ee horumarinta shakhsiyeed ee noolaha - ontogenesis waa embryogenesis. Waxaa ka mid ah markii tan iyo bilowgii formation of saygoot ka hor shaqeeyo dhalashada iyo waxay ka kooban tahay dhowr marxaladood israac marayay. Mid ka mid ah iyaga ka mid ah waa neurula. Kani waa heerka ugu of horumarinta vertebrates, taas oo horseedaysa formation of embriyaha, isagoo wata saddex lakab jeermiga, iyo sidoo kale tuubada neural. Intaas waxaa sii dheer, dhowr toddobaad ee embriyaha loo sameeyay oo ka mid ah xubno ugu muhiimsan ee dhismaha oo dhan ee habdhiska dhexe iyo durugsan. In this article aan tixgelin doonna ah muuqaalada labada marxalad iyo habka jir ka dhacaya waxa ku jira.

Marxaladaha horumarinta SNMna

nuujiya mandheerta saygoot Full iyo uniform burburiyo, taas oo ka mid ah dadka, waxa ay keenaysaa in qaab u eg bukaa berry ama miro guduud. Waxaa lagu magacaabaa morula. Markaas unugyada ay diyaarin in mid ka mid daaha, iyo sameeyay blastula. bacda Tani godkii, derbiyada oo loo sameeyay blastomeres-unugyada. Next, geedi socodka ka mid ah invagination, taasoo keentay in muuqaalka kore ee daaha labanlaabka ah ee embriyaha. Tani waa gastrula masraxa. Waxay ka kooban tahay ectoderm iyo endoderm, oo uu leeyahay af aasaasiga ah, loo yaqaan dibinta ee blastopore ah. Ka dibna waxa geesaha waa u xiran yihiin, iyo uurjiifku wuxu leeyahay qaab daaha labanlaabka ah ee bacda. dhibaatooyin Xiga ee qaab-dhismeedka embriyaha la xiriira muuqaalka kore ee kale, saddexaad, lakabka Germinal - mesoderm been u dhexeeya ecto- iyo endoderm. Uu waxbarashada embryogenesis aadanaha ayaa gaarka ah u gaar ah. Waxaan u baran doonaa si faahfaahsan.

formation of mesenchyme

embriyaha Human foomamka saabka ay go'doonsan geedi socodka lateral - somites ama goobo. Waxay yihiin oo ka soo jeeda derbiga mindhicirka heer hoose ah. From mesoderm soo koraya iyo somites u adeegto sida signal a in organogenesis sare. Waxa asaasay nidaam dhismeedka ugu muhiimsan: notochord, mindhicirrada iyo tube neural. Waxaa loo yaqaan xubnaha axial. Jeermiga of complicating dhismeedkooda, dhiso marxalad cusub - neurula. Waxay qaadataa meel on 3 - 4 toddobaad ee uurka. hab ay of formation of yiri marxalad embriyaha sare dheeraad ah ka wada hadleen.

Sida embriyaha waxay u muuqataa tube neural

The sheet dibadda Germinal - ectoderm, dhinaca dhabbar uurjiifka uu noqdo more cufan oo qaro weyn, oo waxaa lagu beddelay waslad khafiif ah oo neural. geesaha Its waa la kiciyey, la xirrira laba rollers. Dhexdoodana waxaa jira channel ah iyada oo loo marayo, markii danbe ekaysiinaya saabka of maskaxda iyo laf-dhabarta la khamriga ka buuxsamay. saxan neural xirtey geesaha ay, marka hore ee gobolka afka ilmo-galeenka ee embriyaha waxay, embriyaha ka dibna dib taxey jidhka. Dhammaanaysaa xiritaanka of saxanka neural qaybta cranial halkaas oo maskaxda horumarinta kiishka - bilowga maskaxda. By 4 toddobaad ee uurka, tuubada neural gebi ahaanba takooran ka ectoderm ah. Maxaa yeelay, tube neural sameeyay unugyada dareenka iyo unugyada trophic - dhacdaa neurula iyo neuroglia. Kani waa heerka horumarka SNMna, kaas oo ka kooban saddex lakab jeermiga iyo tube neural. Sidee u qabanqaabiyey kartaa habka dareemayaasha jirka aadanaha?

Doorka formation calamaada neural ee habka dareemayaasha

Isla markii ay rollers soo biiray iyo muuqaalka kore ee tuubada neural ee qaybaha bartamaha iyo ectoderm cutaneous kala koox ka mid ah unugyada. Waxay ku taalaa taxey ee jirka embriyaha u dhexeeya daaha dibadda iyo tube embriyaha neural waxaa lagu magacaabaa goday ee neural. Its xubno gacanta leeyihiin feature gaar ah. Tani waa - awood u leh inay u guuraan qeybaha kala duwan ee embriyaha aadanaha. Tusaale ahaan, qaar ka mid ah unugyada embriyaha guurto qoto dheer galay ganglia jidhka iyo neurocytes foomka iyo neuroglia ah kooxihii u dabacsanaadaan iyo parasympathetic ee qaybta ka baxsan habka dareemayaasha jirka ah. unugyada kale ee weli ku jira goday ee neural, markii hore la xirrira taarikada ganglion ah, kuwaas oo ka dibna loo beddelaa qanjidhada 31 lammaane oo dareemayaasha spinal. In neurulation habka this ma joogsan oo aysan jirin wax horumar ah oo dheeraad ah oo ka mid ah qaybo ka mid ah habdhiska dhexe iyo durugsan.

kakanaanta sii kordhaya ee qaab-dhismeedka ee embriyaha waxay at neurula marxaladda

Guuray unugyada calamaada neural, laga bilaabo qayb dhexe ee soo socota si ay qaybaha xudunta sacral at 27 - 28 somites, awood u leeyihiin in la kala saaro, in muhiimad ahaan waa unugyada polustvolovym isku mid ah dhuuxa lafaha. Laga bilaabo qaybta xigta ee diencephalon si embriyaha card sacral at 27 - 28 lammaane somite, formation of neurocytes baaluq iyo unugyada glial ee dareemayaasha cranial iyo ganglia of qalab maqalka iyo vestibular. Marka marxaladdan horumarka SNMna kala duwan laga bilaabo 1 ilaa 7 taagayo somite calamaada la bilaabo dhismaha ganglia autonomic innervating wadnaha, sambabada, mindhicirrada iyo xubnaha miskaha embriyaha. Buuxi koriinkedu of habka dareemayaasha jirka ilaa 40 toddobaad ee uurka waa.

Sababaha socdaalka ee unugyada calamaada neural

Iyada oo ku saleysan habka kor ku xusan ka wada hadleen oo ah habka dareemayaasha jirka, su'aal dabiiciga ah baxdo: sidee ayaad u fasirtaa sababta aad u dhaqaaqin unugyada calamaada neural fog ee jirka ilmaha caloosha ku? embryology Modern iyaga sharaxayaa sida soo socota. Waa midda koowaade, neurula - yada a of embryogenesis oo unugyada calamaada neural lumiyaan awoodda in ay u hoggaansamaan, isgaarsiinta ie kasta oo kale ... Sababta labaad been Halabuurka kiimikada ee maxalka furta oo extracellular ee embriyaha waxay ku. Waxay ka kooban yahay acid hyaluronic iyo borotiinada: collagen, laminin, fibronectin isagoo Tropism unugyada calamaada neural.

xiriirka ay la furta oo extracellular iyo socdaalka dhacaa sabab u digayaan taagoo - integrins, iyo sidoo kale joogitaanka ee somites neurula glycoproteins gaar ah: tenascin iyo T-cadherin. All this hubisaa horumarinta qaybaha ugu muhiimsan ee habka dareemayaasha ee embriyaha waxay.