Museum of Revolution ee Moscow

In dayrta ee 2017 guuradii 100aad ee ku Great October Socialist Revolution taas oo Bolsheviks afgembiyey KT ee la soo dhaafay Ruush, Nicholas II. Beddel koorsada of horumarinta ee Russia iyo adduunka oo dhan. Waxaa jiray nidaam cusub, kaas oo beenisay aasaaskii raasammaaliyade. In Moscow ay jirto hay'ad dhaqanka ah, magaca iyo waxa ku jira kuwaas oo ku soo laabtay daawadayaasha in wakhtiyada buuqa. Waa Museum of Revolution ku Tverskaya, 21. 1998 - Gobolka Central Museum of Contemporary History of Russia (halkan, waayo jaho, ee Museum Revolution).

Gaashaaman iyo injir

In October gabay "Good" Vladimir Mayakovsky qoray: "halkan Waqtigaas! Hel off! ! Lagu liitaa The waqtiga aad "dibadda qabaa," Museum of Kacaanka Oktoobar, waxa uu ku yaalaa guri nagaadi duug ah, ka hadlayaa gaar ah oo ku saabsan iiriyo ee Palace Winter ah, kubad "Aurora", baabuurta gaashaaman Lenin ee. " Tani ma aha arrin run ah. Wuxuu saameeyaa maalka soo bandhigaa kala duwan, u sheegay oo ku saabsan horumarinta dhaqaalaha, bulshada iyo siyaasadda ee Russia ee XIX dabayaaqadii - hore qarniyo XX, mudnaanta Russia oo casri ah, sii socodka ah ee ka ab .. Visitors calaamadee saaxiibnimo iyo xirfadda hagaha. Guides ma u muuqdaan in ay gloss badan fikradaha ee hantiwadaagga. Just noo sheeg sida ay u dhan ka dhacay.

Hubka, dhar, macsarada daabacaadda, gudaha makhaayadda, taas oo, dhacay, ayeeyo zahazhivali, haley eey cufan in duulay meel - safar xiiso leh iyo soddon hoolalka waaqici galay soo dhaafay. Waxaa jira ra'yi: tiimbadeen lagay inta lagu jiro taariikhda casriga ah ee dalka u muuqataa awood badan, si muuqata, laakiin aan ku fiicnayn. Kids jecel yihiin in ay daawadaan filmstrips, iyo waalidiinta - muraaqooda. Popular cafe-museum leh wax soo saarka, kuwaas oo hadda ku yidhi "dabiiciga ah, ma jecli in ...", macmacaanka lagu sameeyey qoro afartan sano ka hor.

dhismayaasha caan ah

Inta badan martida inuu ka tago la ujeedka lagu doonayo in talinaynaa saaxiibo si booqo Museum of Kacaanka. In Moscow, on Tverskaya Street, waxay ahaayeen wanaagsan: wargelin, ma mashaakil iyo vulgarity. By jidka, waxaa jira hall ah, kaas oo sheegaya waxa ku saabsan qaddar ee dhismaha ka soo hadha. Waxaa la dhisay qarnigii XVIII ka. Waxaa sii raagayaan si fiican gudaha iyo dibadda ka. Ka hor inta arkay milkiilayaasha kala duwan iyo dadka soo booqda. Hanta Homestead hore ahaa gabayaa, riwaayadaha Mikhail KHERASKOV (raagayaan iyo macluumaadka ka hor), kaas oo ay u iibin jireen inay Tirada ka, Major General LVU Razumovskomu.

Dhismaha ugu weyn (guriga ugu weyn) waxaa la dhisay by Catherine Wayn (1777-1780 GG.). Later ka mid ah injineero waqtiga Adam Menelaws daray baal dheeraad ah oo loo yaqaan. Waxaa ka tagay Villa ee style ee classicism ah baaluq. duulaanka ciidanka Napoleon ee uma u tudhin quruxdiisa. Dibudhisid wakiishay naqshadeeyaha ugu Domenico Gilardi. By jidka, waxaa jira museum kale. At Revolution Square (Moscow) , furaa albaabada ay u danaynaya in ay bartaan oo ku saabsan dagaalkii ka mid ah 1812 oo dhan. Laakiin back to mawduuca. Marka Razumovsky dhintay, naag carmal deeqay dhaxalkooda naqshadda walaalkiis Nikolayu Vyazemskomu. Nicholas G. qaybin dhismaha Moscow Ingiriisi Club (1831). Ilaa 1917 waxaa fuliyay rag xisbiga cilmaani ah oo sharaf leh asal ahaan. Ugu hal mar, dhismaha ganacsi kala sooc-koray xiran tolnimo qurux badan (lahaayeen inay ku wareegaan search of galo).

The nolosha cusub ee madaxtooyada

History Museum of Revolution ugu dhakhsaha badan bilaabay ka dib markii ay dhacdooyin ololaya oo October. Waxaa la go'aansaday in ay sameeyaan aasaaska ka mid ah maaddooyinka loogu talagalay dhaqdhaqaaqa Ruush xoreynta, daraasad dhamaystiran macluumaadka ururtay. Kooxda ayaa qaab haraaga ah (meelaha yar yar) u dhaqmeen bilowgii 1918. Laakiin ee la soo dhaafay ayaa la siiyaa si ay mustaqbalka. amarrada New, go'aamada ahaayeen socodka. The si aad marka hore, kaas oo la sii daayay taxadiri Commission of farshaxanka iyo Antiquities at Commissariat Dadka la xiriira ilaalinta ee muuqaalka dhismaha ee xaafadda, la siiyey hay'adda dhaqanka. warbaahinta tafaariiqda, mar koray khiyaano hore ee madaxtooyada la burburiyey. Aamino mar bexeen weynaantiisa.

A duwan "buuqday" iyo Hall of kooxda Ingiriisi, waxaa hadda waa matxaf of jir Moscow. Bandhiga ugu horeysay ee magaca xarunta kacaanka furay bishii November 1922 iyo la odhan jiray "Red Moscow". Taariikhqorihii caasimada Vladimir Giljarovsky sheegay in helitaanka dhacay lixdii subaxnimo. korontada shiday. In hoolalka, oo taagan iyada oo aan kululaynta, haddii sano diiran. Visitors in model cusub wuxuu ahaa arrin la mid ah dadka deggan asalka ah: ". Boqortooyada caajisnimadana" dharka ciidanka, jaakadaha maqaar, jubbado, ay xawli ku socday agagaarka dhawaan

Haddii aadan haysan waxaan hab si ay u joojiyaan bulsho ee

Dadka kibir maxfalka calamada casaanka iyo kacdoon hub amaanaa, dhegaysanayay derbiyadoodii oo marmar ah ee qadiimiga ah. Old sawirka qurxinay images iyo sawiro farshaxan "Toban Maalmood Taasi ruxmay ee World" characters (sida lagu qeexay dhacdo, wariye American Dzhon Rid). Ka mid ah marti ahaayeen haween (taas oo aan ku jirey ayaa laga yaabaa inta lagu guda jiro joogista ee Club Ingiriisi ah).

All ahaayeen ku faraxsanahay in ay jiraan museum cusub. Revolution in bandhigyada bandhiga iyo geesood mowduuc aad bay u badnaayeen, oo askari, badmaax, dhalashada dunida cusub! Qaar badan oo is garanaya on sawirada dagaalkii soo galeen. unugyada kaydinta soo ururay oo noqotay saldhigga hadalkay ku Historical iyo Museum Kacaanka ee Moscow. In 1924, hay'adda noqday Museum State ee Kacaanka. Madaxa ugu horeysay Sergey Mitskevich - shakhsiyadda yaqaan. kacaan Ruush, Master of nooca saxaafadda, taariikhyahan, professor at University Moscow. Qabanqaabiyaha Midowga Shaqaalaha Moscow ee '.

The dheeraad ah hantiwadaagga

Museum of Revolution ee Moscow, si weyn loo daboolay mawduucyada ee dibad mass of yaroow ka dhanka ah abtirsan iyo dalalka soo degay (gaar ahaan: Madaxda ay Stepan Razin iyo Emelyan Pugachev ku dhashay tuulada Zimoveyskoy-on-Don la farqi in a boqol oo sano). ballaariyo laga yaabaa aqoonta shakhsiga ah ee dhaqdhaqaaqa Decembrist, Dadka Will, in ay fahmaan "wilds" dhacdooyinka Ruush Revolution, Dagaalkii Sokeeye. Waxay ahaayeen bandhiga ugu da'da, oo ku yaalla Museum of Kacaanka.

Moscow fahamsan yahay in dhismaha hantiwadaagga aragnimo si tartiib tartiib ah aruursaday waa abaabulo oo si firfircoon kor. Tan iyo 1927, baaxadda mowduuc ballaadhiyaa. Tobanaan sano oo isku xigta caalamka soo koraya (iyo ka dib horumariyo) hantiwadaagga jiidata ma aha oo kaliya muwaadiniinta Midowga Soofiyeeti, laakiin sidoo kale martida shisheeye.

hadiyad Repin

tirooyinka Separate dowladda, wefdi ballaadhan oo ka raasammaaliyade, dalalka hantiwadaagga, horumarinta, qorayaasha, rinjiileyaasha, sculptors, tirooyinka masraxa, "ayuu proletarians dalalka oo dhan" waxaa loo arkaa in ay waajib ku tahay inuu booqasho Museum of Kacaanka. guests qaarkood ma iman isagoo faro madhan. farshaxankiisa Sidaas hadalkay buuxsameen cufay caasi ah "January 9," "aaska Red" iyo kuwa kale. Waxay soo bandhigay rinjiile caanka Ilya Repin.

muwaadiniinta jecel ee Midowga Soofiyeeti iyo dalalka saaxiibka ah hadiyado hogaamiyaha gobolka Iosifu Stalinu qaado. Qaar badan oo iyaga ka mid ah waxay leeyihiin fikirkooda ubaxyada kala duwan: telefoonka ee foomka of dunida dacaladeeda, dukaamada-dubbe, saacad, qurxiyey dahab yar T-34 taangi. Hadiyadaha bandhiga ka 39aad ee ku saabsan sano 55 qarnigii XX ku shaqeeya. kala duwan oo aan caadi ahayn ka mid ah daawadayaasha iyo in maalmood our caan ah. In 1941 museum ay horey u ahayd on hogaamiyaha muran ka mid ah hay'adaha la midka ah. Funds ahayd hal milyan oo alaabta. laamaha furay.

waqtiga qalliinka la wadaago

The War Patriotic Great (1941-1945) ka dhigay a hagaajin af hawlaha sayniska iyo waxbarashada, kaas oo la sameeyay by matxafka. Revolution aanay dhicin, share kaliya libaax ee lacagaha qoto dheer ee gadaal ka tegey. Tirada shaqaalaha ayaa hoos u dhacay ku dhowaad saddex jeer. Laakiin shaqada ma aysan joogsan. In 41aad July kooxda martida ah ayaa la bixiyey bandhig sheegayaa sheeko ka mid ah dadka Soviet kusoo duulay Nazi. Iyo xarunta madaxa, iyo laamaha la kulmay oo ay la socdaan dalxiisayaal ah inta lagu guda jiro sano ee dagaalka.

Oo cadaawaha ugu cararay Moscow. shaqaalaha Museum waxaa ka soo horjeeda habka laga heli karaa: sheegaysa dadka ku saabsan geesinimo askarta Soviet. statistics Imaanshaha akhriya sida soo socota: tirada dadka soo booqda ee 1942 - 423, 5 kun oo qof ..

Waxaa ku shaqeeya ee gaadhista hawada furan (qoryaha, hoobiyeyaal iyo qalab kale oo ka tirsan ciidamada Cas iyo koobab cadowga). By laxanka caadiga ah ee dib u shaqo ee 1944. Waxaa jiri jiray diinta ah qayb ka mid ah: qalabka, gaar ahaan muujinaya dhaqdhaqaaq xornimo kacaan way kala firdheen. Qaar ka mid ah "tagay" in GAU (Main maamulka arkiifiyo), dadka kale - in Historical Museum Gobolka, loo yaqaano ee Museum of Revolution ku Square Cas, iyo kuwo kale - mahadnaq aqbalay by Maktabadda ee Suugaanta Dibadda. diraha qudhiisu diiradda on daraasadda ee hadda caqiideedka, loo yaqaan Ruush Social-Democratic. Wali loo baahan yahay in la fahmo diiniga ah horumarinta jireenka ah ee ah bulshada oo kaliya, xorriyad iyo sinnaan.

Dhawaaday inay dhexdhexaadnimada

Waxaa la og yahay in mar qayb xasuusta magaca wanaagsan ku jiray disfavour: Yuusuf Shafay qiimaha buunbuunin Jughashvili kaalin (Stalin) si ay u gaaraan dalka. In 1959, ka dib markii XX ee Congress caanka ah ee xisbiga shuuciga ah ee Midowga Soofiyeeti, qofka loo caleemo saaray beenoobay. Qoraallada dalxiiska u noqday xarfaan, more Ujeedada. Yaa booqday samaynta ee 1960 hore, xusuustaa: eksponatury soo bandhigay tiro badan, kuwaas oo sheegaya waxa ku saabsan horumarinta caafimaadka iyo waxbarashada dadweynaha. Visitors bartay, labadaba marka la eego koritaanka warshadaha ee in ay ilaaliyaan deegaanka, waxa dhacaya in industry ee, "dhaqan", imisa jeer ayaa kor daryeelka bulshada Soviet.

In 1968, waxaa jiray ka bedelayaan kale calaamad u muuqday qorniinkan "Central Museum of Revolution ee USSR ah." sanadka soo socda, isaga loo siiyey xaq u leeyihiin inay fuliyaan cilmi sayniska. Xaaladda sare ee abuuritaanka dhaxalkooda masuulka Machadka Cilmi-baarista ee qarniyo la siiyey markii ugu horeysay. Heerka adag ee hawlaha lagu qiyaasay abaalmarinta heer-gobol. Museology (1984) shaybaarka waxaa la furay, waxay bilaabeen inay bartaan taariikhda matxafyada ee Midowga Soofiyeeti.

Ma jirtaa nolol ka baxsan fikirka?

geedi socodka bulshada iyo siyaasadda ee bartamihii 1980-maadkii dalka kala gooyey by "isku xigta dadka qarniyada." fasiraadda A cusub ee la soo dhaafay, bixitaanka a Jidka loogu tala galay in shuuciyad iyo isbeddellada kale oo casri ah oo ku riixday in ay dayacaan iyo fikradaha ah iyo dacaayad. kaydinta Gaarka ah ayaa la furay, waayo, daawashada dadweynaha.

In 1998, ee Museum of Revolution ka qoto dheer dhisay gaadhista. GTSMSIR waxa uu noqday xarunta weyn sayniska iyo nidaamsan, marti kulan mowduuc ergooyinka, qabashada fasalada sayniska iyo wax ku ool ah. ballaarinta ee waayo-aragnimo ah halkan u timid xirfadlayaal museum ka dalka oo dhan. Dhammaan shakhsiyaadka iyo hay'adaha sharci xiiso filan karto si aad u hesho tilmaamaha, marinka tababarka xirfadeed.