Macquarie - jasiirad ee Badweynta Pacific. Description, cimilada, sawiro

Macquarie Island (SOMA Macquarie.) - aag yar ee dhulka ah 128 sq. km. Waxay ku taalaa inta u dhaxaysa Australia iyo Jacaylku in qayb ka mid ah koonfurta-galbeed ee Badweynta Pacific. goobta degaanka waa shanlo dusha xigtaa a homonymous Kobenhagen.

The dhibcood ugu sareeya ee u qaadis waxaa loo tixgeliyaa sare Hamilton iyo Fletcher (qiyaastii 410 mitir heerka badda). Dhererka ah ifafaalaha jasiiradda 34 km waqooyi ilaa koonfur, ayaa width a of 5 km iyo qaababka ay dhulka ee jira ay sabab u tahay xaqiiqada ah in meesha ugu of shil of taarikada tectonic dhacay kaliya Tuujiya kor ka talona kasoo qayb yar oo qolof ah Oceanic. Oo sidaas daraaddeed waxay noqotay in gasiiraddaas la sameeyay inta badan ee lavas basaltic iyo andesitic, iyo sidoo kale wax soo saarka ee ay u halligmaan iyadoo ay sabab u nabaadguurka.

hawl seismic aagga weli waa mid aad u sarreeya. Taasi waa sababta si ay u safraan laga mamnuucay Macquarie Island. Sidee si aad u hesho in ay ka qeyb this dalka? Waa hagaag, dabcan, Badda, jabinta in ka badan 1.5 kun oo kiiloomitir u jirta jasiiradda of Tasmania. Macquarie saxda ah isku duwaha: 54 ° 37'S. w. iyo 158 ° 51 'ee. d.

A yar oo taariikh

Waxaa jira warar ku saabsan booqashada meeshan by Polynesians ee 13-14 qarniyo, degsiimooyinka ku meel gaar ah, laakiin caddaymo taasoo ay hadda la helay.

Rasmi ah, jasiiradda la ogaaday in 1810. Markab Australian la Captain F. Hasselboro ku hawlan whaling. Inta lagu jiro mid ka mid ah duulimaadyada ee koonfur-galbeed ee Badweynta Pacific qayb ka mid ah dalka ayaa lagu ogaaday in mustaqbalka oo u yeedhay Macquarie. Jasiiradda la magacaabay ka dib markii ay markaas Governor-Guud ee New South Wales Laklana Makkuori.

Currently, arrintan waa hoos timaad maamulka Australia, isagoo ay dhibic ugu koonfureed ee qaarada maamul ahaan waa qayb ka mid ah Gobolka of Tasmania. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa jiray waqti marka Russia in ay dhigeen dalab. Waxaa dhacay ka dib booqasho uu ku jasiiradda ee 1820, duulaan ugu horeysay ee Russian Antarctic hogaaminayo Bellingshausen.

In 1948 ayaa waxaa u muuqday saldhiga a saadaasha hawada. Waxa la abuuray by Australiyaanka ah. Ujeedada ugu weyn ee saldhigga - waxbarasho ee qaaradda of Jacaylku. Tan iyo 1978, Macquarie - jasiiradda, kaas oo si rasmi ah la siiyey xaaladda park qaranka. Oo ku saabsan 20 sano ka dib, tan iyo 1997, meesha ay ka ilaalinta qaaday abuuritaanka qiyaasta dunida UNESCO ee. Tan waxa u sabab xaqiiqada ah in jasiiradda ay leedahay badan oo sifooyinka dhulka iyo dabiiciga ah gaar ah.

cimilada

Loo yaqaan miciinka jasiiradda waa mid aad u adag, sida xaaladaha cimilada degaanka, in la yidhaahdo ku yaraan, raaxo. Roobabka Constant, dabaylo xoog badan, heerkulka hooseeyo - taasi waa waxa sugaya dadka soo booqday jasiiradda of Macquarie. cimilada waxaa laga heleyaa qoyan, sub-Antarctic. Tani micneheedu waa maxay? , Mass kadis First hawada, ku filan qabow. Sida caadiga ah, oo dabayshii ayaa ku dhowaad ma joojin sanadka oo dhan. The heerkulka hawada celcelis ahaan - oo ku saabsan +5 ° C (no kala duwan xad-dhaaf ah ee xagaaga iyo jiilaalka).

roobab sanadlaha ah sida caadiga ah wuxuu ku saabsan yahay 1000 mm. Waxayna u dhacaan qaab meelsare oo sanadka oo dhan. Inta badan waxaa jira fogs badan jasiiradda, iyo qorraxda halkan waa booqde dhif ah.

dunida cuntada

Macquarie - jasiirad ku dhowaad oo aan Dhirta. Filo kala duwanaanta muhiim ma aha in, maadaama ay jiraan sii kordhaya oo kaliya noocyada yar oo doog: inta badan dareemaduna, iyo sidoo kale kaabash Macquarie-gud. In biyaha xeebta ah ee inta hirku caadiga ah brown.

Yaa ku nool jasiiradda oo waxaa isaga ku xigay?

The dubato dunida jasiiradda waa ka badan wajiyo badan ka badan geedka. Halkan gumeysi ugu weyn pingvin, kuwaas oo wakiil 4 nooc oo waaweyn: boqornimada ah, dameer, Gentoo iyo-gud ah. Tiradiisa ku dhow yahay inuu 4 million, iyo xajmiga jaaliyadaha gooni-goonida u dhaxeysa 500 kun oo shakhsiyaadka iyo 200 lamaane. Mary Harper Macquarie (Schlegel) murug kaliya jasiiradda this, laakiin dadka waaweyn waqti badan ka Badda qaataan fog, quudinta on kalluun yaryar ah, krill iyo zooplankton. Waxaan degeen xeebta ee shaabadood maroodiga, shaabadood dhogorta, shaabadood. Waayo, taranta doortay meelahan albatrosses, petrels, cormorants, skuas iyo terns Antarctic. Macquarie - jasiiradda, zone xeebta waxaa ku joogsan by nibiriyada badda, inta badan ee xilliga qaboobaha. Meelaha kuwa halkaas oo ay jiraan wax badan oo algae, waxaa laga heli karaa noocyada aan diirada kalluunka halkan urursan adhi badan.

Discoverers ee jasiiradda at wakhtigii la halkaan keenay bisadaha iyo bakaylaha in ay saameyn xun ku deegaanka maxalliga ah. Horeba by 1890, ayaa gebi ahaanba la joojiyey noocyada dhif of baqbaqaaq boodayaa Macquarie halkan oo keliya ku nool. Under halista soo baxay shimbiraha xilliga kulaylaha iyo dhirta. Kaliya ee qarnigii XXI ah, daafacyada of duurjoogta u suurtagashay in ay jasiiradda ka qalaadna in shisheeyaha oo lacag la'aan ah, iyo hadda ma bisadaha ama bakaylaha hadhay.

dadka

Dadka keliya saynisyahano in xaddiga 25-40 dadka degan degaanka. Waxay ka shaqeeyaan saldhiga saadaasha hawada Macquarie Island habka gaadhka. dhismaha Tani waxay ku taalaa waqooyiga ee jasiiradda. Waayo, shaqaalaha halkan la dhisay dhismayaasha la deggan yahay iyo kaxeynayo. Rasmi ah, jasiiradda la xiray in dalxiisayaasha.