Jasiiradda Solovetsky iyo soo jiidashada its. Sida loo helo in Islands Solovetsky ah, waxa si aad u aragto

Solovetsky Islands yihiin meel gaar ah. On jasiiradaha yar ee Badda Cad ayaa soo saartay adag gaar ah dabiiciga ah, taariikh iyo dhaqan, ma jiraan wax analogues ee dunida. The ugu weyn oo hodan ku ah soo jiidashada waa jasiiradda of Solovki, oo qarniyo ka hawl keniisad caanka Solovetsky.

dabeecadda

Jasiiradaha muuqday 9,000 sano ka hor mid ka mid ah heerarka kala duwan ee formation of Sea White ah, halkaas oo ka dib markii barafku ee glaciers weyn oo ka dhacay ciidda uplift magdhawga. 2/3 meesha jasiiradaha dhan degan Bolshoi Solovetsky Island.

Jasiiradaha ku yaallaa aag taiga ah. Aad iyo aad picturesque iyo muuqaalka kala duwan ee jasiiradda: - biyagaleenka ahuba dhinacooda iyo kuraha dhaadheer si ay harooyinka, seeraha ubax siiyo jidka. 70% ka mid ah aagga waxaa qariya kaymo, ugu horrayn iyo gran. About 5% ka mid ah aagga uu hoos u dhaco on kaxeynayo Dhuldhoobo ah. Dhuldhoobo voronichnye qallalan caadiga ah ee aagga xeebta halkaas oo ay ku soo xiga bjørk guutadii krivostvolnyh (bjørk loogu fuuli jiray). In qaybta dhexe ee jasiiradda meeshii laga dhisayo iyo dabka dhici bjørk iyo kaymaha Aspen. Meadows xeebta iyo bartamaha ee jasiiradda qabsadeen by 0.1-0.2% aagga guud oo waxaa lagu gartaa Halabuurka noocyada hodan Dhirta oo berrin bannaan. About 15% ka mid ah jasiiradaha ka samaysan dhiiqo la badan yihiin a of sare iyo noocyada KMG ah. Noocan oo kale ah kala duwan oo Bbc, bandhigay meel ka mid ah oo ku saabsan 300 kiiloomitir oo laba jibbaaran, waa mid ka mid ah qaababka ugu yaab leh dabiiciga ah ee jasiiradaha Solovetsky.

On gasiiradaha ha ka jiraan in ka badan 550 harooyinka. Waxay ku kala duwan yihiin in size, qaab, asalka, midabka oo biyo ah, laakiin oo dhan waa mid aad u muuqaal dabiici ah.

Aaway Islands Solovetsky ah

jasiiradaha Solovetsky ka kooban lix jasiiradood oo waaweyn iyo in ka badan boqol yar, oo ku yaalla qaybta galbeed ee Badda White ee 290 km waqooyi-galbeed ee magaalada Arkhangelsk, xarunta gobolka Arkhangelsk ah. Bedka guud ee jasiiradaha waa 300 kiiloomitir oo laba jibbaaran. Waxaa ka mid ah jasiiradaha sida:

• Solovetsky (Solovetsky Large) - 218,72 kiiloomitir oo laba jibbaaran,
• Anzersky - 47,11 km²,
• Inta badan Muksalma - 18,96 km²,
• Muksalma gacmeed - 1.2 kiiloomitir oo laba jibbaaran,
• 3ayatsky Big - 1.25 kiiloomitir oo laba jibbaaran,
• Small Zayatsky - 1.1 km².

story

Taariikhda Islands Solovetsky bilaabmin horumarinta Aadanaha oo madaxkuti ah dambe. The BC III Millennium ugaarsadaha badda iyo kalluumaysatada helay Islands Solovetsky oo bilaabay horumarinta, kaas oo socday ilaa qarniyadii dhexe. Solovki helay raadad badan oo ka mid ah hawlaha ay dhaqaale-adeegayaa iyo diinta: in ka badan 20 degsiimooyinka, xeryaha iyo seminaaro, afar quduuska ah lagu daro goobaha qadiimiga ah, wax badan oo labyrinths dhagax hal, kun oo artifacts.

dadka deggan heer hoose ah Solovki ku hawlan xoolaha gaar badda ugaarsiga iyo ciyaarta u gudubno jasiiradda iyo kaynta, kalluumaysiga, iyo ururiya xeebta, samaynta qalabka dhagax. In berrinkii goobaha ururinta laga helay fallaadho, warmaha, ugaarsiga faasas, dhagax barroosin, dhoobada, gaar faas qodista mid taariikhi ah iyo waxyaabo kale oo badan. The deggan qadiimiga ah jasiiradaha ayaa ku hawlan dhismaha labyrinths dhagax, taas oo la dhisay meesha quduuska ah.

salka Stauropegial Solovetsky keniisad

jasiiradda Solovetsky noqday meel ay ku keniisad waxaa la aasaasay ee 30meeyada ee qarnigii XV ka Cyril of Belozersk oo yimid Valaam keniisad suufiyadoodii Savvatii, Germany iyo Zosima Xuntahay ee "Badbaadiyeheenna ah iyo Chudotvortsa Nikolaya". Inta lagu jiro qarniyo XV-XVI. keniisad si tartiib tartiib ah u koray, helitaanka meeshii hantidiisii jasiiradaha weyn ee jasiiradaha.

By dhammaadkii qarnigii XV by suufiyadoodii ee la dhisay saddex kaniisadaha alwaax: malo, St. Nicholas iyo isbeddelid sida ku jirta, unugyada alwaax badan iyo outbuildings, lifaaqan by bowd alwaax.

dhufayskii ruuxiga ah ee North Ruushka

In dhexe ee keniisad qarnigii XVI ka galo in muddo ah dib u habaynta dhaqaalaha halis ah oo la xidhiidha magaca Abbot Philip (Kolycheva), reformer, naqshada, oo ah dhaqaaleyahan firfircoon oo tayo leh. Halkan 1550-1560-mada fuliyay wadada, laakiin jasiiradda waxaa la aasaasay by B. Muksalma "yard caanaha" la deerada iyo xoolaha. Si ay u siiyaan dadka ku nool guri keniisad biyo socda 52 jasiiradaha Lake Solovetsky xiran channels la cabbo. Waayo, difaaca ee 1582-1594 GG. Waxaa la dhisay derbigooda dhagaxa ah oo qalcad irdaha ah. Annunciation (Gate) Church la dhisay 1596-1600 GG.

Inta lagu jiro qarnigii XVII ka keniisad Solovetsky sii soconayo in loo sameeyay sida maamulka, dhaqaalaha, xagga ruuxa, ciidamada, xarunta siyaasadda iyo dhaqanka of Sea Cad. In qarniyadii XVIII-XX. Wuxuu ka mid ahaa meelaha uu xidhnaa iyo xabsi Dambiilayaasha siyaasadeed ahaa.

xilligii Soviet

Ka dib markii kacaanka ee 1917 bilaabay inuu dhiso Russia cusub. Solovetsky Islands joogsadeen in ay xarunta ruuxiga ah iyo keniisad la baabiiyo. Bishii Abriil 1920, Guddiga gobolka Arkhangelsk ka bilaabay qaramayn ee hantida keniisad ah. Waxaa soo abaabulay Xafiiska jasiiradaha Solovki, iyo waqti isku mid abaabulan beer "Solovki", kaas oo jiray ilaa iyo 1923. Dhismaha ee beerta macnaheedu ma aha tirtiridda Ruhbaaniyad. About 200 suufiyadoodii ahaayeen shaqaalaha rayidka ah, ayaa waxaa soo abaabulay by beesha diinta, kuwaas oo hawlaha waxa kormeera Xafiiska Solovki jasiiradaha.

The jasiiradaha Gulag

Laga soo bilaabo 1923 in 1939 ee jasiiradda oo dhan dhismayaasha ka mid ah keniisad hore Solovetsky qabsadeen Solovki NKVD xerada xabsiga (Maroodiga). Abaabulan ku saleysan Kholmogory, Pertominskogo iyo Arkhangelsk, xerada Solovki ahaa mid ka mid ah ugu weyn ee Russia. Halabuurka The maxaabiista ee SLON bedelay waqtiyo kala duwan. iyaga ka mid ahaa wakiilo ka aristocracy Ruushka, kaniisadda, waxgaradka, dhammaan xisbiyada siyaasadda pre-kacaan, canaasiirta dambiilayaasha ah kuwaas oo lagu xukumay arrimaha qoyska, wakiilada xisbiyada qaranka iyo qaar kale oo badan.

Ka mid ah dadkii maxaabiisnimada ka ayaa ku qoran in saynisyahano maroodiga iyo fanaaniinta, qorayaasha, gabayaaga, culimada diinta ee Russia, professor, taariikhyahan tahay AE Anisimov, taariikhyahan ID Antsiferov hindisa BA Artemyev, Professor SA Askol'dov taariikhyahan BB Bakhtin, artist ka IE Braz, farac u Decembrists AB ah Bobrishchev-Dushkin, Abwaan MN Crow, ethnographer NN Vinogradov, 0.B. qoraa Bolkiah, taariikhyahan Herman Gordon, Abwaan AK Gorsky, academician DS Likhachev, wadaad, aqoonyahan iyo lexicographer DA Florensky iyo kuwa kale.

Indhaha dhismaha taariikhda iyo dhaqanka

Galidoonaan Dhaqanka iyo Taariikhiga ah ee Islands Solovetsky ah - mid ka mid ah nooc ka mid ah, gaar ah ee daacadnimada iyo dhameystiran badbaaday ensembles dhexdeeda iyo kaxeynayo, goobaha cibaadada, guryaha, difaaca, dhaqaalaha, biyaha, network wadada iyo waraabka nidaamka Dr Makumbe, iyo sidoo kale goobaha qaddiimiga ah, taxadiri, oo muujineysa qadiimiga ah iyo Dr Makumbe dhaqanka jasiiradda domonastyrskuyu. Waxay ku urursan yihiin meelo kala duwan oo ka mid ah jasiiradaha weyn ee jasiiradaha, laakiin dhul ahaan iyo taariikh ahaan isku xidhan, koobnaan hal, guud ahaan karo. Its qaybaha kala duwan yihiin oo dhan muddo taariikhda jasiiradaha iyo Waqooyiga oo dhan Ruush.

The qaybo ka mid dastuurka ka mid ah jasiiradaha Solovetsky dhismaha taariikhda iyo dhaqanka waxay kala yihiin:

• The keniisad-qalcadda ee qarniyo XV-XX, A dejinta hore monastic qarniyo XVI-XX, iyo Biyac iyo lamadegaanka qarniyo XVI-XX...,
• Goostay jasiiradda aqal nidaamka Haydarooliga iyo waraabka,
• Kaxeynayo "meesha quduuska ah-la dhigto» III-aan tobankii BC B. Zayatsky Anzersky iyo jasiiradaha,
• dhismayaasha xusuus Groups Task Solovetsky xeryaha 1923-1939 GG. tuulada iyo goobta of warshad leben ah;
• Bbc Dabiiciga ah.

Xarunta dhismaha taariikhda iyo dhaqanka ka mid ah jasiiradaha waa keniisad ah Solovetsky - a galidoonaan naqshadda gaarka ah guud. Its dhismaha waa taariikhi, dabeecad cajiib ah oo dhalaalaya gaarka ah ee xarumaha badan iyo waqti isku mid ah daacadnimada dhammaan qaybaha ay.

jiidashada kale

Qaddiimiga ah iyo taxadiri naqshadda, goobaha taariikhiga ah iyo waxyaabaha la yaab leh waxaa loo yaqaan muddo ku dhow oo dhan oo ah Islands Solovetsky ah. Indhaha ku istaahilo in fiiro gaar ah ku yaalaan on jasiiradaha soo socda:

• Anzersky: Trinity keniisad (XVII ah), Trinity Church (1880-1884), Golgota la-Qodbay Skete (XIX).
• Big Zayatsky: Zayatsky keniisad (St. Andrew ayaa) (XVI ah), dagax weyn Harbor, Stone Harbor (XVI ah), Church of St. Andrew.
• Inta badan Muksalma: Sergiev Hermitage (XVI), xidheenka dagax weyn, xira Muksalma la weyn Solovetsky Island (XIX).

Flora

Labyrinths Solovetsky Islands yihiin 500 nooc oo dhirta. Ka mid ah kaxeynayo dabiici-dhuleed Island ayaa degaanada ee sii dabar-go'aya iyo dhif u ah ee dhirta. Ay waxbarasho, daryeel iyo horumarinta ee saynisyahano ku lug leh. Imaanshaha jasiiradda, waxaad u baahan tahay in ay is ogow of the flora maxaliga ah, dhab ahaantii ku bakhtiistay, ubaxa aan caadi ahayn waxay noqon kartaa a noocyada dhif ah. In badbaado u baahan oo gaar ah flora soo socda: Rhodiola rosea, Daphne caadiga ah, Platanthera bifolia, Orchis arkay, Dryopteris lab, orchis ballaadhan irdo, geed Siberian, girchovnik woqooyi, recumbent lauzeleuriya, iniin khardal oo badda kale Arctic.

biyaha xeebta Badda White ah - mid ka mid ah meelaha ugu qanisan iyo ugu wax soo saar Algoflora pool (meesha ay jiraan 160 nooc oo algae benthic).

dubato

The dubato ee jasiiradda by Samo falku ka mid ah qodobada jasiiradaha iyo waqooyiga goobta Solovki ah kama duwana kala duwan weyn ee nuujiya. Laba ka mid ah noocyada ay halkan u muuqday nin mahad. Deerada Tani, keenay jasiiradda qarnigii XVI ka, iyo muskrat ah, oo halkan ka muuqday 1920.

Doonee, tirada noocyada of avifauna ah jasiiradaha. Shimbiraha on Solovki duubay ku dhawaad 200 oo noocyada. iyaga waxaa ka mid ah "Red Book": baqalyada cad-iibsatay lacagihii, saratoosiyaha, shelduck caadi ah, dhamaadka a dhintay. Oo xiiso gaar ah waa mid ka mid ah deegaanada Europe ugu weyn ee tern cidhifka woqooyi iyo gumeysi ugu weyn ee gulls broody Russia ee. kala duwanaanshaha weyn ee noocyada loo qoondeeyey Solovetsky Island.

Of nuujiya badda ee biyaha xeebta ah ee shaabadda caadi ringed, nibiriga Beluga, shaabadood la laalo iyo kataarad. On xeebta jasiiradda of koriinkedu Anzer arkay mass of pinnipeds iyo qaybta galbeed ee Big Island Solovetsky lo'da habboon of nibiriyada badda cad ee ilaa dhowr boqol oo qof oo.

ecotourism

jasiiradaha waa oo xiiso weyn oo loogu talagalay dadka jecel dabiiciga ah. Ma aha oo kaliya inuu booqday keniisad caanka ah ee dalxiisayaasha u yimid inuu Islands Solovetsky ah. sidoo kale soo jiidashada Nature istaahila in dareenka. Waxa la yaab leh Bbc kala duwan u ogolaan in meel is haysta inay ku wareegaan iyada oo kaynta, raaxaysan quruxda seeraha cagaaran iyo harooyinka, dhawrtaan duur-joogta.

talgaley gaarka ah ee jasiiradaha. Beautiful, la jasiiradaha yaryar badan Long Bay waa hay'ad gaar ah oo biyo ah, kaas oo ay deggan yihiin noocyada Arctic relict ee xawayaanka, oo wakiil ka ah hannaanka shiidaa u xiran yihiin. Beautiful Trinity Bay, ku dhawaad kala bar dissecans jasiiradda Anzersky.

dabiiciga ah ee jasiiradaha Solovetsky uu qiimo universal u fiican, sababtoo ah waxa ay ka tarjumaysaa muddooyinka aasaasiga ah post-glacial taariikhda dhulka ee Waqooyiga, taariikhda dhexgalka aadanaha waxaa ka mid ah Bbc cajiib ah oo waa degaanka ah ee noocyada dhif ah shimbiraha iyo deegaanada shimbir weyn. Dadka isha ku dabeecadda hooyadiis, waxaa la weyn lagu talinayaa in ay soo booqdaan Islands Solovetsky ah.

Sida loo helo in wakhtiga qabowga Solovki

jihada of wadada ku xiran tahay u cuntanta oo ka mid ah cimilada iyo xilliyada. Xilliga jiilaalka, dhaqdhaqaaqa waa mid aad u kooban, waxaa dalxiis caadiga ah jasiiradda waa kaliya hawada ka Arkhangelsk:

• airline diyaaradaha "Air Nord" (AN-24) duulaya ka soo «Talagi» Airport Talaadada iyo Axadaha. waqtiga duulimaadka - 45 daqiiqo.
• Laga soo bilaabo garoonka diyaaradaha "Vaskovo" Friday shirkadda shaqeeya duulimaad "2aad AOAO" (L-410).

Sida loo helo in jasiiradda xagaaga

Iyada oo tirada cimilada fiicnaaday fursado si ay u booqdaan kordhay Solovetsky Islands si weyn. Sida loo helo in jasiiradaha guga iyo dayrta aragti dhaw. Waxa intaa dheer in duulimaadyada ka Arkhangelsk, furan iyo wadooyinka ee Karelia waqtigan.

From gobollada ay u safraan Arkhangelsk talinayaa diyaarad ama tareen. Waayo, baabuurta waddooyinka hoose noqon doonaan caqabad dhab. Sida xilliga qaboobaha, si Solovki, waxaad ka heli kartaa hawada. Duulimaadyada ka «Talagi» Airport (NordAvia) fuliyay Talaado, sabtida iyo axadda. From "Vaskovo" (AOAO 2aad) - Isniinta, Arbacada, Jimcaha iyo Sabtida.

The habka ugu taataabtay - waa in la helo doomo on Islands Solovetsky ee magaalada Karelia of Belomorsk iyo Kem. Meelaha of Moscow iyo St. Petersburg ee magaalada lagu tagi karaa tareen Murmansk. From dabanayaan Rabocheostrovsk (Kem) maraakiibta dhoofnay maalin kasta si Solovki "Bilizar" iyo "Vasiliy Kosyakov". Markabka "safayr" ka Belomorsk tagaa. jasiiradaha ayaa sidoo kale door bidayo "tagaasida webiga" - doomo yar yar in la keeno dad sodcaal ah iyo dalxiisayaasha shaqsi. Diyaaradaha iyo doonyaha qaado rakaab ah in jasiiradda ugu weyn ee - Solovetsky.