"Island ee Dhimatay" - sawir Arnolda Boklina. Description iyo sawirka

In 1827 magaalada Swiss ee Basel rinjiile ku dhashay, kuwaas oo shaqadoodu ay saameyn wayn ku saabsan horumarinta fanka iyo dhaqanka guud. Name Arnolda Beklina ahaa magaca qoyska ee wareegyada Ranjiilayaasha Symbolist iyo rinjiyeynta caanka ah ee Böcklin ah "The Island ee Dhimatay" ahaa waxyoonay ee tiro ka mid ah tirooyinka saameynta badan dunida farshaxanka.

Arnold Böcklin

aasaasaha Future of surrealism ku dhashay ina baayacmushtari hodanka Xariir Kristjan Fridriha Beklina. Arnold Böcklin helay tababar farshaxanka ee Dusseldorf iyo, inkasta oo ay style u gaar ah iyo noocyo kala duwan oo farsamooyinka, waxaa loo gudbinayaa iskuulka Dusseldorf ee rinjiyeynta.

Macalimiinta mahad Böcklin sida arday aad u rajo oo sidaas daraaddeed, halka weli arday, Arnold inta badan dibadda u safray, kuwaas oo in Brussels iyo Antwerp, halkaas oo artist dhallinyarada ahaa soo guuriyeen shuqulkii weynaa oo sayidyadooda Dutch oo Vlaamse. safar kale oo xirfad leh sida ardayga uu hogaaminayo Beklin ee Paris, halkaas oo artist ka qaatay sano ah Louvre ah.

In 1850 artist waxay tageen Rome, halkaas oo naqshadaha classical, cimilada khafiif ah iyo dhaqanka hodanka ah waxay isagii hor geeyeen in ay sii joogaan muddo toddobo sano ah. In Italy Böcklin guursaday gabar degaanka. Waxay lahaa qoys ballaaran - 14 carruur ah, kuwaas oo lix oo kaliya ay gaareen qaangaarnimada. Sababo kala duwan, ay artist iyo qoyskiisa si joogto ah u dhaqaaqay, markii qaar ka mid ah uu ku Weimar, halkaas oo uu baray rinjiyeynta ee akadeemiga qaatay. In Basel, Böcklin bartay rinjiyeynta taariikhi si aad u dalbato, dhowrkii sano ee la soo dhaafay artist ah ku qaatay Italy, uu Villa u dhow Florence.

The calaamad iyo "Isle of Dhimatay"

Bilowga aad ee mustaqbalkiisa Bocklin rinji Bbc iyo naqshadaha magaalooyinka. Waqti ka, shuqulkiisa ayaa helay orientation mythological, laakiin shuqullada ugu caansan ee rinjiile Swiss ka mid ah nooca ah ee calaamadda tiriyey. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxa ay sidoo kale isha ku Bbc iyo yabban of caddooyinka classical. Tusaale ahaan, shaqada ugu caansan Arnolda Beklina "The Island ee Dhimatay" - sawirka waa muuqaalkii iyo maadooyinka mythological, iyo shaqo adag oo la kakan, calaamad culus iyo tiro badan ee qarsoon.

Sawirka ku saabsan asalka samada daruuro madow muujinaysaa jasiirad yar, calaacalahooda biyo ka leefleefay by dusha biyaha Seme. On jasiiradda koraan dhirta berooshka madow dheer, iyo dhagaxyada waa godad qaab muuqda, eg xabaalaha. On dusha biyaha jasiirada soo diray doon ballaaran, kaas oo ay jiraan laba. Mid ka mid ah tirooyinka iyadoo maro ku duudduuban cad, sida haddii hawlohiisa ah, iyo waxay u taagan tahay in hore ee sanduuqa cad qaab, sida sanduuq.

Waxaa ka mid ah tarjumaadaha badan ee version ugu caansan waa nooc ka mid ah play on caddooyinka Greek. Sida laga soo xigtay iyada si, nafaha oo ka mid ah geesiyaal tageen, oo la doortay oo ka mid ah ilaahyada iyo dad magac aad u hesho meel jasiiradda a muuqdo dhexe ee webiga Styx. tiradaasi A cad waxaa badanaa loo meeluu dunida kale Charon.

theme dhimashada ahaa mid ka mid ah kuwa ugu badan ee shuqullada Böcklin. Waxaa xusid mudan in ka hor "Isle of Dhimatay" Arnold Beklin marnaba siiyey magacyada farshaxankiisa, laakiin waraaqaha la macaamiisha ah, qoraalkii ugu horeysay ee rinjiyeynta qudhiisu wuxuu u bixiyey shaqada ku dhinta Toteninsel. In kaliya dhawr sano, artist ah rinji lix nooc oo rinjiyeynta ah, kuwaas oo shan lagu qoray Beklin u gaar ah, iyo kii lixaadna wuxuu qoray wiilkiisii Carlo sannadkii la soo dhaafay ee uu noloshiisa.

Ikhtiyaarka hore

Order on "Island ee Dhimatay" Böcklin ka gargaare, deeqbixiye Aleksa Gyuntera helay. version hore ee filimka lagu qoray studio artist Fiorentine ee. Böcklin rinjiyeynta dhammeeyeen 1880, laakiin, sida Leonardo "Dzhokkondoy" ma doonayaan inay la. The ugu horeysay "Dhimatay Island" hadhay in hantidii ay aasaasaha ilaa dhimashadiisii.

Sababta lifaaqa si sawirka, dhaleecayn badan oo loo yaqaan dhimashada Beklin gabadhiisa. Ilmuhu wuxuu ku dhintay 1877 oo waxaa lagu aasay qabuuraha Ingiriisi ee magaalada Talyaaniga ee Florence. qabuuraha Tan waxaa lagu beeray dhirta berooshka dheer, waxa culimada ka mid ah egyihiin qabashada symbolist Swiss la rinjiyeynta ah.

"Sawirka riyooyinkiisii"

Iyada oo ka shaqeeya version ugu horeysay ee studio Fiorentine rinjiyeynta Beklin booqday Maria Bern, naag carmal hodanka ah maalgeliyaha George von Bern ee. Malaha waxyoonay by shiraac ah taalo, naag amray in ay artist ah, "rinjiyeynta inay ku riyoon." Waayo, Bocklin qoray version labaad ee "jasiiradda", taas oo ahayd yaryar ee size, qoraal on guddi alwaax iyo la sameeyo in a kala duwan, midabo more firfircoon.

Waxaa xusid mudan in element ugu dahsoon ee rinjiyeynta ah "The Isle of Dhimatay", kuwaas oo doonnida, tiradaasi oo ah Charon, ayaa lagu daray ka kooban codsi ka yimid Marii Berna, ninkeeda u barooranayeen. Later Böcklin doon dorisoval ma aha oo kaliya on version labaad ee sawirka, laakiin sidoo kale dhulka ku.

Ka dib dhimashadii waxay sayidaddeedii ku ah ee version labaad ee "Island ee ku dhintay" rinjiyeynta la siiyey gallery ee magaalada Luzern, halkaas oo iibsaday Kellera Gotfrida Foundation. Maanta, rinjiyeynta this caan muujiyey at the New York Museum "Metropolitan".

Kabarta Fritz Gurlita

Saddexaad, version ugu caansan ee rinjiyeynta la wakiishay by ururiyaha ah Fritz Gurlitom. Waxa uu sida labada ugu horreeya, waxaa la rinjiyeeyay Florence iyo dhamaaday 1883kii. Waa iftiinka version jira sawirka. Ka sokow miisaan fududee, version saddexaad ee "Islands" waxa lagu gartaa firfircoonida - dushooda caato gacnta dhirta berooshka ah ee dabaysha, iyo biyaha dushooda ma aha sidii muraayad.

version Tani waa kuwa ugu caansan ay sabab u tahay xaqiiqda ah in ay ahayd iyada la sameeyey Iagu tayada Maksom Klingerom, oo Frits Gurlit daabacay udaabacida. Dhamaadka XIX - hore qarniyo XX, udaabacida kuwanu waxay ahaayeen aad loo jecel yahay ee Germany, halkaas oo fashion, waxayna u yimid dalalka kale. Maanta Old National Gallery ee Berlin muujinayaa farshaxankiisa asalka ah ee ururinta joogta ah.

dhibaatooyin dhaqaale, iyo version afraad ee sawirka

Hal sano ka dib dhamaystirka muuqashadii saddexaad oo ka mid ah "Island ee ku dhintay" qoyska badan Beklin dareerayay dhibaatooyin dhaqaale, taasoo keentay in artist ah si ay u qoraan version kale ah farshaxankiisa ay ugu caansan, kaas oo uu ka iibiyey ururiyaha caanka Baron Hans Thyssen-Bornemisza de Cason.

Sida qalabka for version afraad Bocklin isticmaalo copper iyo saliid rinjiga. Sorry, sawirka inuusan noolaanayn dagaalkii labaad ee adduunka oo la burburiyay, ay u badan tahay in Berlin ama Rotterdam. Waxa ay ahayd oo keliya sawir madow iyo caddaan.

Shiraac for Fine Arts Museum in Leipzig

Laba sano ka dib, Böcklin u soo laabtay "Island ee Dhimatay." rinjiyeynta ayaa la wakiishay by the Museum of Fine Arts, magaalada Jarmal ee Leipzig. Waxaa xusid mudan in markan artist ka doortay rinjiga saliid tempera.

In sawirka shanaad si cad waa la arki karo rower, hanuunin doon ah in jasiiradda, ka sokow doon laftiisa waa wax badan oo u dhaw in bartilmaameedka, sida afarta fursado kale marka la barbar dhigo. Waxa xiiso leh in halka sideeda oo aasaasi ah oo ka mid ah "Island ee Dhimatay" weli la mid ah ee version kasta waxay leedahay qaybo yar yar oo kala duwan. nidaamka midabka ah ee lix farshaxankiisa, sidoo kale, waa ka duwan yahay.

Rinjiyaynta "Isle of Dhimatay" at Hermitage ah

version lixaad ee rinjiyeynta ka Arnolda Beklina, waa kan ururinta gaar ah, laakiin bandhig ee St. Petersburg Hermitage, waa ugu dam ah. Malaha sababta oo qoraal ah oo u dhexeeya embodiments shanaad iyo lixaad ee "Island ee Dhimatay" ayaa ku dhawaad shan sano. Waxa xiiso leh in version this Bocklin qoray iyadoo lala kaashanayo wiilkiisa Carlo sannadkii la soo dhaafay ee uu noloshiisa.

ifafaale Dhaqanka ee xiligeedu

By kadis ah la yaab leh, tani waa sawirka Böcklin noqday film nidaam ay waqti. Waa "Island ee Dhimatay" - rinjiyeynta, kaas oo keenay in ay qoraaga ee Meyeydaan wax of fame. In wareegyada dhaqanka qaarkood Beklin shiidaa deified wacaya "Zaman cusub ee Michelangelo."

Sida laga soo xigtay saffarro, "Isle of Dhimatay" - sawirka, hore qayb muhiim ah oo gudaha ah sida dhalinyarada sare iyo intelligentsia dhaqanka, iyo bilowgii dhulka miyiga gobolka ee qarnigii XX ah.

Udaabacida ee muuqashadii saddexaad ah farshaxankiisa kala firdhiyey oo dhan Europe. Jecel ee Bocklin, kuwaas oo, ah "Island ee Dhimatay" ahaa tirooyinka dhaqan iyo taariikheed ee weyn. Apollinaire, Clemenceau, Freud, Dali, Kandinsky iyo Rachmaninoff waa la laayay by jawiga sixir ah ee sawirka iyo saamaynta ay ku dhagaystayaasha. ikhtiyaarka saddexaad ayaa la helay by Adolf Hitler oo kadinka Chancellery Reich ah.

"Island ee Dhimatay" - sawir in uu noqday il rajo u leh shuqullo badan oo kale oo ka mid ah tahay in rinjiyeynta, iyo music, filim, gabayada iyo farshaxan.