Ilaalinta kala duwan: mabda'a hawlgalka, circuit qalabka. ilaalinta transformer kala duwan. ilaalinta kala duwan Longitudinal of khadadka

In article waxaad ku baran doontaa wixii ilaalinta kala duwan ee, sida uu u shaqeeyo, waxa uu leeyahay tayo wanaagsan. Sidoo kale, waxaad ku baran doontaa waxa ay tahay qaladaad ee khadadka korontada difzaschity. Sidoo kale, waxaad ka heli doontaa qof aqoon u leh qalabka ilaalinta circuit ku ool ah iyo khadadka korontada.

nooca kala duwan ee ilaalinta waxaa hadda loo arkaa ugu badan oo degdeg ah. Waxa uu awoodaa inuu nidaamka ka wareeggeedii interphase ilaaliyo. Oo kuwa nidaamyo isticmaalaan earthed dhexdhexaad ah, waxaa si fudud looga hortagi karaa dhacdo ee unu-hal waji. nooca kala duwan ee ilaalinta waxaa loo isticmaalaa si loo ilaaliyo fiilooyinka korantada,-awood sare matoorrada korontada, gudbiyeyaasha, matoorrada.

Guud ahaan waxaa jira labo nooc oo difzaschity:

1. Tan iyo voltages dheelli kasta oo kale.
2. Tan iyo hadda ku wareegaya.

In this article, labadan nooc difzaschity si ay u bartaan badan oo ku saabsan iyaga la oran karo.

Difzaschita isticmaalaya hadda wareegaya

Mabda'u waxa uu yahay hadda waxaa la barbar dhigo. Ama in badan sax ah, waxaa jira is barbardhig argument ee bilowga ah ee element ah, kuwaas oo la ilaaliyo, iyo dhamaadka. Waxaa loo isticmaalaa nidaamka this inta lagu guda jiro fulinta nooca gaadhya iyo transverse. marka hore waxaa loo isticmaalaa si loo xaqiijiyo ammaanka line a gudbinta hal, matoorrada korontada, gudbiyeyaasha, matoorrada. ilaalinta kala duwan Longitudinal of khadadka waa mid caadi ah in industry awood maanta. The difzaschity nooca labaad oo adeegsanaya khadadka korontada ee ka hawlgala isku midka ah.

ilaalinta kala duwan Longitudinal of khadadka iyo qalabka

Si aad u qabtaan nooc gaadhya ilaalinta, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in ay isku mid ka dhigay labada dhinac oo ka mid ah gudbiyeyaasha hadda. Waxay sare loogu fuuli waa in la xiran in midba midka kale ee taxanahan oo macneheedu yahay fiilooyin koronto dheeraad ah oo ay tahay in la xiran shido hadda. Waxaa intaa dheer, kuwaas oo Relays hadda waa in la xiran ee windings sare ee isku midka ah. Under xaaladaha caadiga ah iyo in joogitaanka ah circuit gaaban dibadda ee windings hoose ee labada gudbiyeyaasha duuli doona hadda ka mid ah, kaas oo noqon doona siman wajiga iyo magnitude labadaba. Sida laga soo xigtay gariiradda electromagnetic ah Relay hadda ka dhici doona in yar ka yar qiimaha. Waxaa xisaabi kartaa caanaha fudud:

Waxaan _r = waan ₁ -Ma _2.

U qaadan in gudbiyeyaasha hadda waxay ku salaysan yihiin oo gebi ahaanba la cimri tahay. Sidaa darteed, farqiga u sheegnay hadda la qiimeeyo u dhow ama la mid ah eber. In si kale loo dhigo, waxaan _r = 0, iyo ilaalinta uma shaqeeyo waqtigan. In xarkaha kaabayaal xiriirisa windings sare ee gudbiyeyaasha, waxaa jira wareegga ah ee hadda.

nooca Scheme ilaalinta kala duwan gaadhya

circuit a noocan oo kale ah wuxuu bixiyaa difaac kala duwan ah ugu weyn ee qiimaha siman ee hadda taas oo qulo circuit transformer sare. Iyadoo ku saleysan, waxaannu ku tirinnaa karaa in circuit ilaalinta waxaa sidaas la odhan jiray sababtoo ah mabda'a ah ficil. In zone of ilaalinta seego qayb wixii si toos ah been u dhexeeya gudbiyeyaasha hadda. Haddii ay dhacdo in uu jiro wareeg gaaban, marka ku shaqeeya ee aaga dhamaadka hal dhinac oo solenoid ku fuuli jiray transformer hadda waxaan ₁ socodka. Waxaa loo soo diray in ay Bannaanka sare ee transformer ah, kaas oo la dhajinta on dhinaca kale ee khadka. Ogaanno waxaa lagu sawiray xaqiiqada ah in sare loogu fuuli jiray waa iska caabin aad u dheer. Sidaas awgeed, hadda ku dhow aanu uma ay soo qulquli dhex. Sida ay mabda this ka shaqeeya ilaalinta busbar kala duwan, matoorrada, gudbiyeyaasha. In kiiska halkaas oo aan noqon lahaa ₁ siman yahay ama uu ka weyn yahay waxaan _r, ilaalinta bilaabaa inuu ku shaqeeyaan, soo saara furitaanka group xiriir ah daaro ah.

ilaalinta circuit gaaban iyo circuit

In the case of gaaban-circuit gudaha aagga la ilaaliyo, labada dhinac dhex maray Relay electromagnetic socodka ah ee hadda loo siman yahay wadarta hadda in kasta oo loogu fuuli jiray. Xaaladdan oo kale sidoo kale sidhab ah, furitaanka xiriirada biiro. All tusaalooyinka aan kor ku soo qaadaynaa in dhammaan xuduudaha farsamo ee gudbiyeyaasha yihiin gebi ahaanba isku mid. Iyadoo la raacayo, waxaan _r = 0. Laakiin tani waa goob ku haboon, sida xaqiiqada ah, ay sabab u tahay kala duwanaanshaha yar ee waxqabadka nidaamka magnetic ah hadda aasaasiga ah, qalabka korontada waa kuwo ka duwan, xitaa nooc kasta oo kale oo la mid ah. Haddii ay jiraan kala duwan ee sifooyinka ah gudbiyeyaasha hadda (marka la fuliyo design ilaalinta kala duwan-waji), magnitude oo ka mid ah hadda circuit sare wuxuu noqon doonaa kala duwan, xitaa haddii asalka ah sida saxda ah waa isku mid. Hadda waxaan u baahan tahay si ay u eegaan sida nidaamka ilaalinta kala duwan, waayo, circuit gaaban dibadda oo ku saabsan khadadka korontada ah.

circuit gaaban Dibadda

Haddii circuit dibadda gaaban iyada oo Relay ee electromagnetic noqon doontaa hadda difzaschity dheeliyaan. Its qiimaha ku xiran tahay in hadda mara circuit hoose transformer ah. In xaaladaha load caadiga ah qiimaha uu yar yahay, laakiin haddii qalad dibadda waxa uu ka bilaabayaa in la kordhiyo. Its qiimaha sidoo kale waxay ku xiran tahay waqtiga ka dib bilowgii-circuit gaaban. Waxaa intaa dheer, waxa qiimaha ugu badan waa in lagu gaadhi ee muddo yar ka dib markii ugu horeysay soo wareegi jiray bilowgii. Waxay ahayd waqti this ee wareeggeedii hoose ee gudbiyeyaasha qaadataa oo dhan eed aan.

Sidoo kale waa in la ogaadaa in aan ugu horeysay-circuit gaaban ka kooban yahay laba nooc oo hadda - DC iyo AC. Waxaa loo yaqaan qaybaha aperiodic iyo wareegsan. qalab ilaaliya kala duwan waa sida in halka ay joogaan ee ah qayb hadda DC waa in mar walba keeni robab xad-dhaaf ah magnetic of transformer nidaamka ah. Sidaas awgeed, farqiga u dhexeeya iman kara dheeliyaan ka soo maratay kordhiyaa. Marka-circuit gaaban hadda bilaabo inuu hoos u, iyo hoos u qiimaha dheeliyaan ee habka. Sida ay mabda this qaadeen ilaalinta transformer kala duwan.

dareen The ee dhismayaasha difaaca

noocyada soomi difzaschity. Oo iyagu ma ay shaqeeyaan in joogitaanka unu dibadda, si aad u baahan tahay inaad doorato ee Relays electromagnetic, siiyey dheelitir la'aanta ugu badan ee suurtogalka ah ee hadda ka jirta habka marka ay jirto ah circuit gaaban dibadda. Waxaa xusid mudan bixinta si ay xaqiiqada ah in noocan ah ilaalinta waa la helay dareenka ah oo aad u hooseeya dareenka. Si ay taasi kor u, waa in aad u hoggaansamaan noocyo kala duwan oo xaaladaha. Marka hore, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in la isticmaalo transformer hadda kuwaas oo magnetic circuit robab dhacaan aha markii circuit hoose socodka hadda (eegin qiimaha). Marka labaad, waa la jecel yahay in ay isticmaalaan qalabka korontada bystronasyschayuschegosya nooca. Waxay u baahan yihiin in lagugu xiro ee windings sare ee xubno ka ah in ay soo saaraan ammaanka. Relay electromagnetic xiran bystronasyschayuschemusya transformer ah (ilaalinta kala duwan hadda waa ugu kalsoonaan karo) barbar socda sare loogu fuuli jiray. Waxaa sidaas ka shaqeeya ilaalinta matoor ama transformer kala duwan ah.

dareenka kor u kacay

Aan niraahno, markii circuit gaaban dibadda. Isla mar ahaantaana ilaalinta wareeggeedii hoose ee gudbiyeyaasha qaar ka mid ah socodka hadda, oo ka kooban qaybaha wareegsan iyo aperiodic. "Qaybood" isla joogaan in dheeliyaan hadda oo mara aasaasiga ah ee loogu fuuli jiray ee bystronasyschayuschegosya transformer ah. Marka ay tani DC qayb hadda xooga saturates xudunta u ah. Sidaas awgeed, Isbadal hadda ma dhici karto halka circuit sare. Marka Esplanaden qayb aperiodic waa hoos u dhac weyn oo u damaysay Bannaanka magnetic iyo circuit sare si tartiib tartiib ah uu bilaabo inuu u muuqdaan a qiimaha hadda qaarkood. Laakiin heerka miisaanka hadda ugu badan ay noqon doontaa wax badan ka hooseeyaa ay ka maqan yihiin transformer bystronasyschayuschegosya. Sidaas awgeed, dareenka waa la kordhin karaa dejinta ilaalinta qiimaha hadda uu ka yar yahay ama la mid ah qiimaha ugu badan ee dheelitir la'aanta ah ee farqiga u iman kara.

tayada wanaagsan ilaalinta kala duwan

Inta lagu jiro xilliyada ugu horreeya ee u damaysay magnetic waa mid aad u xoog badan, isbadal ah uusan qaadan oo aan meel. Laakiin ka dib markii ay qayb DC utaagnaan, qayb ka mid ah wareegsan bilaabo inuu u beddesho soo wareegi jiray dugsiga sare. Waxaa xusid mudan bixinta si ay xaqiiqda ah in ay tahay mid aad u muhiim ah dareenka. Sidaas awgeed, Relay ee electromagnetic waxaa keena oo soo saarta jarida ah Bannaanka ilaaliyo. heer aad u hooseeya oo ah isbadal ah ku dhowaad kala bar xilliga ugu horreeya ee waqtiga caanuhu tallaabada Bannaanka ilaalinta. Laakiin ma aysan kaalin weyn in dhismaha circuit ilaalinta ku ool ah.

ilaalinta transformer kala duwan uma shaqeeyo xaaladaha halkaas oo ay jiraan waxyeelo ay ku soo wareegi jiray korontada waa aag difaac. Sidaa darteed, dib u dhac waqtiga iyo selectivity ah looma baahna. waqti ilaalinta u dhaxeysa 0.05 in 0.1 ilbiriqsi. Tani waa faa'iido weyn ee difzaschity noocan ah. Laakiin waxaa jira faa'iido kale - shahaado aad u sarreeya oo dareen, gaar ahaan marka la isticmaalayo transformer bystronasyschayuschegosya. Ka mid ah faa'iidooyinka yar xusid mudan, sida xog iyo isku halaynta sare.

guryaha negative

Laakiin labada ilaalinta kala duwan gaadhya iyo transverse waxay leedahay cillado ay. Tusaale ahaan, ma badbaadin karaa Bannaanka korontada hoos tallaabada of wareeggeedii gaaban dibadda. Sidoo kale ma aha oo awood u furo circuit korontada markii loo feydo overloads xoog leh.

Nasiib darro, ilaalinta waxa keeni kara marka ay waxyeello circuit korontada kaabayaal ah kaas oo la xidhiidha ee sare loogu fuuli jiray la soo saaray. Laakiin faa'iidooyinka oo dhan difzaschity wareegaya hadda kala go'do, kuwaas oo ayna duleella u yar. Laakiin waxay awoodaan si ay u ilaaliyaan khadadka korontada ee ilaa xad aad u yar, wax ka badan kiiloomitir a yihiin.

Waxay aad inta badan loo isticmaalaa in hirgelinta ilaalinta silig ka dhigeen, kuwaas oo ku shaqeeya by noocyo kala duwan oo qalab lagama maarmaan u ah howlgalka ee Quwadda, matoorrada. Haddii ay sidaa tahay, haddii dhererka khadadka korontada waa mid aad u weyn, tusaale ahaan ka mid ah dhowr tobanaan kiiloomitir, ilaalinta circuit this waxaa aad u adag in la sameeyo, sababtoo ah waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in ay isticmaalaan fiilooyin la a cross-qaybta aad u ballaaran xiriirayo Relay ee electromagnetic iyo transformer sare loogu fuuli jiray.

Haddii ay dhacdo in isticmaalka fiilooyin caadiga ah, load ku gudbiyeyaasha hadda noqon doono mid aad u weyn, sidoo kale dheelitir la'aanta ee hadda jira. Laakiinse dareen ah, waa mid aad u hooseeya.

Dhismaha tiirsanaayeen wareeggeedii iyo baaxadda

khadadka korontada waxaa aad u dheer loo isticmaalo nidaamka taas oo Relay ee difaaca isagoo design gaar ah. waxaa la aad ku hubin karnaa heerka caadiga ah ee dareenka iyo fiilooyinka xiriir si aad u codsato heerka. difzaschita Transverse huriyay barbar hadda ku jira laba xadhig oo ka mid ah wejiyada oo cabirkiisu.

Difzaschita loo isticmaalo khadadka gudbinta-xawaaraha sare, taas oo danab ku qubanayo kala duwan ee Waat 3-35 kun.. Tani waxay dadka ka difaacaa waji ee QPR. Difzaschita sameeyaa sida laba-waji ay sabab u tahay xaqiiqada ah in Roobka la voltages hawlgalka sheegnay aan ku xeeldheer neutrals. Ama dhexdhexaad ah xiran dhulka iyada oo loo marayo gariiradda xakamaynta lagu bedello.

silig darran wareeggeedii ilaalinta design

The gudbiyeyaasha hadda ku yaalaan dhawaanshaha xad u dhow midba midka kale. Sidaas awgeed, ku fiilooyin kaabayaal ah waa gaaban oo dherer ah. Marka la isticmaalayo fiilooyin dhexroor yar on gudbiyeyaasha saamayn doono load ka hooseeya marka loo eego. Sida dheeliyaan hadda, waxa ay sidoo kale waa yar yahay. Laakiin heerka uu dareen waa mid aad u sarreeya. Haddii aad gab difzaschita line noqdo hadda, dib u dhac waqti iyo selectivity lahayn. Si aad u baabi'iyo digniin been ah, xiriirada kaabayaal barkinta khadadka Bannaanka.

silsilado difzaschita jihada Transverse

ilaalinta jihada Transverse waxaa si balaadhan looga isticmaalaa horumarinta khadadka ee nidaamka ka hawlgala isku midka ah. On labada dhinac ee shido line waxaa lagu rakibay. line hoose waa in ay tahay mid aad u adag si ay u difaacaan line a naqshado isticmaalaya wareeggeedii fudud sida. Sababta - waa wax aan macquul aheyn in la gaaro heerka caadiga ah ee selectivity. Si loo hagaajiyo selectivity ah, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in ay si taxadar leh dooro waqtigooda feydnaanta ah. Laakiin in ay dhacdo waqti dib u dhac difzaschity jihada transverse muhiim ma aha, selectivity waa mid qaali ah. Waxay leedahay xubnaha ugu muhiimsan:

1. jihada awood. Inta badan codsatay awood Relay jihada tallaabo labada-dhinac. Mararka qaarkood, labo ka mid ah Relay ilaalinta kala duwan la tallaabo hal dhinac, taasoo ku shaqeeyaan at khadadka korontada kala duwan.
2. Ku bilow-up - sida caadiga ah, in uu door ah Relay xawaaraha la hadda ugu badan ee suurtagal ah.

design Nidaamka waa sida in on the lines ee ku rakibidda transformer hadda la windings sare ku xiran wareegi la hadda ku wareegaya. Laakiin oo dhan windings hadda ku xiran yihiin oo taxanahan ka dibna u xirmaan taasi oo ka kirishbooyada dheeraad ah si ay u gudbiyeyaasha hadda. Si aad u shaqeeyaan ilaalinta kala duwan-waji ah, danab waxaa laga codsadaa in Relay oo isticmaalaya nidaamka busbar. Taasi waxay ku sameeyeen rakibo of set oo dhan. Haddii aad eegto nidaamka si ay u ka mid ah wareeggeedii sare ee gudbiyeyaasha iyo Relays difaaca, waxaa suurto gal ah in ay soo jiidan gabagabo sida in sababta loo yaqaan "faray siddeed". Nidaamka oo dhan waxaa la aasaasay by laba qaybood. Dhamaadka kasta oo line waa mid go'an in laguu suurogeliyo in aad ilaalinta kala duwan ee hadda jira ee khadadka gudbinta.

Wadista Relay-hal waji

Danab waxaa laga codsadaa in wajiga bedelka Relay ee waxa loo baahan yahay inuu ka soo leexdo xariiqda dhaawac ah. In hawlgalka caadiga ah (oo ay ku jiraan marka circuit gaaban external) ee windings Relay waa soo gudubtaa dheeliyaan hadda oo kaliya. Si looga hortago jilaafada buuqa, waxaad u baahan tahay in ay bilowga hawlgalka Relay hadda ka wada weyn yahay dheelitir la'aanta ee hadda jira. Shuqulkiisa ka fiirso ilaalinta laba xadhig.

Bilowgii a-circuit gaaban aaga dhammaadka line labaad qaar ka mid ah hadda socodka ah. Waxaa xusid mudan bixinta si ay xaqiiqada ah in fiiro:

1. biiro kiciya waxaa firfircoonaan.
2. On qayb ka mid ah hal-jidka Relay xarumo awood u furmay xiriirada biiro.
3. Laga soo bilaabo dhanka ah sub-station labaad sidoo kale yimaado off line habka shido.
4. Xuddunta jihada awood Relay waxaa xun, oo sidaas daraaddeed, xiriirada waa la furay.

The windings Relay ilaalinta line ugu horeysay hadda badala jihada of mooshin (qaraabo in ay safka ugu horreeya) inta lagu jiro wareeg gaaban. Khadadka Power Relay qaban koox xiriir ah booska u furan. Switches labada rugood, waxaa la furay.

sida ilaalinta line kala duwan ah oo keliya u shaqayn karaa si sax ah oo keliya haddii hawlgalka isku midka ah labada khadadka. Haddii ay dhacdo in mid ka mid ah naafo yahay, waxaa ku xadgudba mabda'a difzaschity hawlgalka. Sidaas awgeed, ilaalinta dheeraad ah u keenaysaa in aan selectivity of jarida the line labaad inta lagu guda jiro wareeggeedii gaaban dibadda. Xaaladdan oo kale, waxa uu noqonayaa mid jihada caadiga ah ee hadda, oo iyana waxay leedahay waqti ma u dhac. Si looga hor, jihada transverse ilaalinta inta lagu guda jiro line xoog ah waxaa si toos ah soo bandhigay iyadoo la isticmaalayo fasax silsiladda xiriir kaabayaal ah.

noocyada dheeraad ah ee ilaalinta

Hadda laga bilaabo biiray hawlgalka waa ka weyn yahay dheelitir la'aanta ee hadda lagu jiro an circuit gaaban dibadda. Si looga fogaado wanaagsan been markii goynta mid ka mid ah khadadka iyo marayay inta ka dhiman load hadda ugu badan, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in ay ka weyn yahay farqiga u ah kartiyo dheeliyaan. Haddii ay jirto line ah nooca difzaschity jihada transverse waa lagama maarmaan si ay u bixiyaan degree oo dheeraad ah.

Waxay u oggolaan doona in ay fuliyaan line ilaalinta markii ineysan ka shaqeeya isku midka ah. Sida caadiga ah, waxay waxaa loo isticmaalaa dollar ilaalinta overcurrent inta lagu guda jiro ah circuit gaaban dibadda ah (kiiskan ma jirto jawaab u ah ilaalinta kala duwan ee). Wax kasta oo kale, dopzaschita waa gurmad ah si ay u kala duwan ah (kiiskan, haddii dambe ay diideen).

Inta badan loo isticmaalaa jiho oo aan jiho ilaalinta overcurrent, gooyaa-off, iyo wixii la mid ah. E. jihada Transverse ilaalinta kala duwan waxaa sahlan in design, waa mid aad u kalsoonaan karo oo ayaa si weyn loo isticmaalaa in voltages korontada ka 35 kun. Volts. Halkan iyo hawlaha ilaalinta baxsiga, mabda 'hawlgalka ay waa wax fudud, laakiin wali u baahan yihiin in ay ogaadaan ugu yaraan waxyaabaha aasaasiga ah ee injineernimada korontada si ay u fahmaan oo dhan diiniga ah.