Guudmarka CentOS 7: rakibo, muuqaalada ahaanayta iyo talooyin

Dad badan oo aan la soconaa in dhammaan adeegyada iyo adeegyada aan isticmaalo internetka, ku salaysan dhab ah kombiyuutarada isla shaqeeyaan guryaheena, laakiinse aad u kala duwan, oo aan ku faani karo a interface garaafyada u qurux badan oo ay maamulaan kooxaha heegan ah. kombiyuutarada Kuwanu waa loo yaqaan server. Dadka waa ay ka warqabaan, dabcan, ay garanayaan sida loo habayn iyo "wiish" aad server u gaar ah. Waayo, kuwa cusub ee ganacsiga this, waxaad u baahan tahay Salaax ka badan hal forum, si ay ugu dambeyntii ay u degaan. Hal sheey aan qaarkood, si ay ula qabsadaan ku qiime jaban iyo server deggan, waa in aad dooro qiime jaban isku mid ah iyo saldhig deggan, kuwaas oo nidaamka qalliinka ku salaysan Linux. Doorashada inta badan ku dhacaa CentOS 7. Qoraalkan waxaa la soo ururiyey oo kooban oo ah sida ay u rakibi CentOS 7 iyo in la abuuro ay ku salaysan server a aasaasiga ah.

Waa maxay CentOS?

CentOS - qaybinta a Linux, faa'iido ugu weyn ee kaas oo ah xasiloonida. Nidaamkan, sida Fedora tartan ugu dhow, waxaa la dhisay ee code source of qaybinta Red Hat Linux bixisay. Arintaan, markeeda, waa qalab fiican ee maamulka nidaamka kuwaas oo u baahan saadaalin, qaab deggan iyo hawlgal ku haboon.

CentOS aan ku faani karo oo ka mid ah qoraalkii ugu dambeeyey ee baakadaha, in la barbardhigo isla Fedora ah, laakiin maamulaha kasta waa kaliya ku faraxsanahay marka Fedora ama qaybinta kale xad casri ah ay xirmo cusub "dhaco" iyo CentOS sii wadi doontaa inay ka shaqeeyaan nabadda, iyadoo aan loo eegin xaaladaha. Qoraalkan kooban wuxuu qeexayaa habka sixitaanka iyo CentOS dejinta 7, qaababka ugu muhiimsan ee nidaamka iyo deegaanka shaqada.

Download CentOS 7

Ka hor inta ku rakibidda CentOS 7, waa in aad kala soo bixi nidaamka qaybinta ka hawlgala website-ka rasmiga ah.

Waxaa jira dhawr fursadood oo boot:

• ISO-file u qoro disk - fiican in inta badan ee nidaam dhamaystiran iyo interface user garaafyada;
• ISO-file si loo soo dajiyo ka disk adag oo USB-ul - set ugu dhameystiran ee baakadaha,
• ISO in dheecaan ugu yar - waxaa ku jira oo keliya nidaamka qalliinka salka la set a yar ee baakadaha iyo gui lahayn (version this of qaybinta waa dhibaato lahayn in ay "wiish" server oo aan ku rakibidda wax dheeraad ah).

Waxaa ka mid ah laba "live" disk image, waxaad ka heli kartaa files boot iyadoo labo deegaan desktop kala duwan (KDE iyo Gnome). Sawiradan waxa ku haboon yihiin kuwa doonaya in ay tijaabiyaan nidaamka ku rakibo si disk adag.

CentOS xiridda 7

Xitaa haddii aad doorato image ugu yar CentOS 7 isticmaali doonaa gui si loo soo dajiyo nidaamka on drive adag.

geedi socodka waxa uu ka dhacayaa 6 tallaabo oo aasaasi ah:

• taariikhda iyo waqtiga - marxaladan, kaliya xulo zone waqti, iyo waqtiga si toos ah lagu soo dallici doonaa.
• Dejinta Qaabka luqadda iyo keyboard ah - waa in aad doorato mid ka mid ah luqada kowaad iyo hal optional, iyo sheeg qaabka keyboard ku haboon iyaga.
• rakibaadda Source - marxaladan wax aadan beddeli karin, ka dibna files rakibo looga qaadi doonaa nidaamka side.
• Software si loo soo dajiyo - marxaladan aad u baahan tahay in ay doortaan xirmo ugu yar, sida aynu u baahan tahay in la geeyo server aan desktop iyo interface a garaafyada.
• goobta Rakibaadda - Marka marxaladdan dooro drive adag on taas oo lagu rakibi doono, sidoo kale Bogani.
• Settings Internet - halkan waxaad u baahan tahay in ay galaan xogta ku saabsan xidhiidh shabakada.

Ka dib markii hordhaca ah ee xogta ay u baahan doonaan si ay u abuuraan profiles user iyo password sheeg Root ah. Ka dib markii la rakibey la dhameeyo computer ah loo bilaabi doono iyo keento in uu ordo nidaamka cusub ee hawlgalka.

Ku xiridda CentOS 7 server

Halkan, hadal kooban oo ku saabsan sida loo geeyo server guud Ujeedada ku salaysan CentOS 7 iyadoo yar ee qalabka lagama maarmaanka ah ee loogu baahan yahay in ay shaqo qiimo leh.

Sidaas, marka hore waxaad u baahan tahay in la helo server laftiisa. Waxaad ijaaran kartaa internetka (250 rubles), ama dhigay on mashiinka hoose. Waxa kaliya ee loo baahan yahay - Ssh xogta this, taas oo loo isticmaali doonaa in login in server ka. Qaado tusaale ahaan cinwaanka root@centos.com email iyo magaca user password sidoo kale c aan la taaban karin ee centos.

Ka bilow habka qaabeynta of user abuurka iyo gaarsiinta taagan in ay dhan rukhsadda loo baahan yahay:

• Ku dar amarka user useradd centos;
• Abuur password gaar ah waxaa loogu talagalay - centos passwd;
• Sababaha nidaamka in this user in ay u diraan xidid-mail - vi / iwm / Kash ah;
• Waxaan ku siin user ku Amarka (line amarka hawlgalka xaqiijin maqlaa) midig visudo sudo.

Next, waa in aad sheeg magaca ciidanka. Waxaa suurto gal ah si ay u sameeyaan server1.centos.net hostnamectl kooxda set-hostname ah.

Ka dib marka aad u baahan tahay inaad gab ah Brannmur iyo SeLinux. Tani waa in la sameeyaa si aan loo qasdin isu diidi xuquuqda helitaanka server ka. Brannmur joojin karaa shaqada oo isticmaalaya kooxda systemctl stop firewalld iyo systemctl firewalld Disable. xaaladda SeLinux yar oo dheeraad ah u adag, waxaad u baahan tahay in la furo faylka qaabeynta baahisey in editor qoraal ah Vi la amarka vi / iwm / selinux / config, waxaa heli SELINUX = line karti iyo bedelo SELINUX = naafada ah. Markaas waxaad u baahan tahay inaad reboot nidaamka.

Tallaabada ku xigta ee ah Mudanayaasha waa inay dhigay Ssh.

Si arrintan loo sameeyo:

• Ku dar leh xukunka ku haboon on woqooyi amarka Ssh-copy-id root@centos.com.
• Beddel dekedda faylka qaabeynta / iwm / Ssh / sshd_config on Port 222.
• Mamnuuco laga galo in server oo aan xuquuqda Root ee qoraal PermitRootLogin string aan-password.
• Oo guuleysatey sshd qeybtii systemctl kooxda server.

Waxa kale oo aad u baahan tahay si aad u cusboonaysiiso nidaamka oo dhan iyo rakibi rpmforge bakhaar iyo epel ah. Si arrintan loo sameeyo:

• Cusboonaysii dhamaan qaybaha habka update yum amarka.
• Geliyaan nidaamka cusub qaybaha amrayo -enablerepo = yum update Cr.
• Haddii qaybaha jira kuma filna, waxaad kala soo bixi kartaa newer rpmforge versions epel iyo, waayo, taasu galaan amarka yum rakibi -y * cinwaanka bakhaar in qabaneysa la doonayo version software * (bakhaar ku haboon si fudud waxaa laga heli karaa kheyraadka ku habboon).

Hubinta adeegyada, Apache iyo PHP qaabeynta

Si aad u rakibi qaybood oo dheeraad ah si ay u jir ah ee hadda jira iyo server u baahan doonaa si loo hubiyo off qaar ka mid ah adeegyada iyo adeegyada MTA-.

Si arrintan loo sameeyo:

• Hubi in adeegyada waxaa hore u socda, adeega -t systemctl amarka.
• Disable oo dhan aan loo baahnayn oo ka socda, sida ku rakibidda adeegyada boostada u baahan doontaa inaad gab postfix fari postfix stop systemctl iyo postfix wuxuu curyaamin systemctl mamnuucayo.

Markaas waxaad u baahan tahay inaad kala soo baxdo Apache iyo PHP, lagama maarmaanka u ah hawlaha caadiga ah ee our server.

Sidaas daraaddeed, waayo, taasu:

• Rakibi xirmo Apache amarka yum rakibi -y httpd.
• Inaad wax ka beddeshaan file qaabeynta (meesha aad ku sheeg cinwaanka server, magacaaga, saxiixa, iwm).
• Bilow Apache iyo soo jeedin ah oo ku saabsan kooxaha feature AutoRun systemctl bilaabi httpd iyo awood systemctl httpd.
• Ka dibna ku dar kooxda PHP ku -y ku rakibi yum ah ? Php? Php-of mbstring? Php-dhow.
• Howleheedii Apache kooxda ka systemctl httpd qeybtii labaad.

Ku xiridda nidaamka maamulka database MySQL ah

Ka hor inta aadan rakibi MySQL on CentOS 7, caddeeyo in adigoo isticmaalaya yum downloads nidaamka maamulka caadiga ah kala soo bixi doonaa version kale ee barnaamijka lagu magacaabo MariaDB, sidaa darteed in ay dhacdo CentOS yeelan doonaan si ay u tagaan hab marto.

Si aad u rakibi MySQL waa in ay:

• Download macmiilka MySQL ka utility ee bakhaar oo rasmi ah iyadoo la isticmaalayo amarrada wget * link in MySQL ah * files macmiilka.
• Markaasuu qotomiyey amarka rpm sudo * magaca -ivh full of file rpm la version saxda ah ee MySQL * iyo sudo yum rakibi MySQL-server.
• Markaas xaqiijin howlgalka laba jeer, isla markiiba, Y. nooca

Ku xiridda nidaamka socodka Zabbix

Zabbix loogu rakibo on CentOS 7 baahan tahay si aad u hesho version ugu dambeeyay ee macmiilka on goobta rasmiga ah ee sameeysa ah, ka dibna u rakibi nidaamka.

Si arrintan loo sameeyo:

• Ku dar rpm bakhaar Uvh kooxda * link in ay rpm-file la version ee hadda Zabbix *.
• Cusboonaysii liiska software laga heli karaa update yum amarka.
• Markaas rakibi macmiilka Zabbix in amarka yum rakibi zabbix-wakiilkiisa.
• hadhaagii ah si loo xaqiijiyo version macmiilka ka dib (waxay u baahan yihiin saddex meelood meel) iyo haa jawaabi codsiyada oo dhan by galaya Y in line amarka.

Ku xiridda mail server Zimbra ah

Ka hor inta rakibi Zimbra in CentOS 7, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in loo diyaariyo nidaamka this.

Sidaas, aad u baahan tahay in la sameeyo waxa soo socda:

• Si habboon u qotomiyey faylka iwm / ciidammada oo hostname.
• U ogolow in iptables dhan dekedaha Zimbra.
• Dami SeLinux.
• Disable oo dhan adeegga MTA.
• Hagaaji nidaamka qalliinka yum cusboonaysiiso amarka -y.
• Markaas waxaad u baahan tahay inaad kala soo baxdo ka baakadaha ku haboon amro yum rakibi perl perl-core sudo nmap ntpl libidn GMP.
• Markaas - qalab aad u wget amarka Zimbra * link si ay u file a la utility Zimbra hadda version ah *.
• Siibka daamur amarka file ah oo taga si aad buugga ku haboon isticmaalaya amarka cd ah.
• Ka dib markii in aad u baahan tahay in uu ordo amarka rakibo ./install.sh ku -platform-diidmada.