Farshaxan "Shaqaalaha iyo Collective Farm Girl" The. Qoraaga of mashearulxaraam

In 2014, sannad guuradii 125aad ee dhalashada sculptor weyn Soviet Vera Mukhina. Her name la og yahay in qof kasta oo ku nool Midowgii Soofiyeeti ee hore, sababtoo ah waxa ay kala saari Karin waxaa lala shuqullada taariikhi ah artist ah - halabuurka ah sculptural "Shaqaalaha iyo Collective Farm Girl".

Biography of Vera Mukhina

Ignatyevna waxa uu ku dhashay 1889 galay qoyska ka mid ah baayacmushtariga hodanka ah. Waxay waalidkeed laga badiyay goor hore oo waxaa la keenay ay masuulka. Iyadoo iimaanka carruurnimada khilaafeen ku adkaysiga iyo adkeysiga. Her rabitaankiisa rinjiyeynta si tartiib tartiib ah Maarraynta farsamo, taas oo ay ka baratay muddo laba sano ah in Paris ee Grand Academy ee Chaumiere. naag Macallimow ahaa caan ah sculptor Bourdelle. Markaas Mukhina u dhaqaaqay Italy, halkaasoo uu ku bartay rinjiyeynta iyo farshaxan muddada Renaissance ah.

Intii lagu guda jiray dagaalkii koowaad ee aduunka, Mukhina shaqeeyay sidii kalkaaliye caafimaad ayaa ah in isbitaalka. Waxaa sidoo kale ka dhacay kulankiisii ugu horreeyey la qalliinka Alekseem Andreevichem Castle ka, kuwaas oo la iyadu ugu dhakhsaha badan uu guursaday. qoysaska asal Non-proletarian inta badan khatar galin nolosha xubnihiisa. Duuli qayb firfircoon isbedelka kacaan ee dalka ka muuqata farshaxan ah. Duuli Heroes awoodda kala duwan oo xoog muhiim ah.

badan Ignatyevna oo si adag u shaqeeyey oo dhan ayuu naftiisa. Iyadoo ninkeedii laga badiyay ee 1942, ayay u calool xumaaday khasaaraha. Caafimaad qabin Heart Fly oggolaan inuu sii noolaado, in yar ka badan toban sano ka dib markii ay ninkeeda ka tago. In 1953, way dhimatay, isagoo aan ahayn qof dumar ah oo duug ah - waxay ahayd 64 sano jir.

Sida ay u dhan bilaabay

Waayo, nolosha dhalaalaya iyo hodan Vera Mukhina abuuray tiro badan shuqullada tahay, oo ay ku jiraan farshaxanka, farshaxan, galaasyada. Nasiib darro, inta badan shaqada weli kala duwan oo aan la aqoon balaadhan oo xiiseyneysay iyada talent. Abuuridda Mukhina nolosha Main, ammaaneen sanado badan - waa farshaxan "Shaqaalaha iyo Collective Farm Girl". Ignatyevna waxay u bixisay uu ka kooban "Shaqaalaha iyo ridayeen". In sculptor abuurka Great Soviet Encyclopedia aqoonsaday sida "caadiga ah ee xaqiiqo hantiwadaagga."

In 1936, dawladda Soviet ka France helay martiqaad ka qayb Fair World Paris ka qaadaa. theme rasmiga ah ee baaxad weyn oo ay dhacdo, "Art iyo technology ee nolosha casriga ah."

Midowga Soofiyeeti aad muhiim u ahayd ma aha oo kaliya in ay ka qayb bandhiga, taas oo muhiimad weyn oo caalami ah, dalka loo baahan yahay inay ku guuleystaan tartanka at qiimaha kasta. dunida oo qarka u of dagaalkii labaad ee dunida istaagay, iyo tartanka berrinkii guulaha farsamo dhab ahaantii loogu tala galay ah dagaal laba nidaam siyaasadeed oo dunida adag. The tartanka ugu weyn ee USSR ee horyaalka ahaayeen Italy iyo Germany.

Ku guuleysiga fikrado farshaxan "Shaqaalaha iyo Collective Farm Girl"

hawsha dawladda Soviet ahayd ma aha oo kaliya si ay u abuuraan weyn tiknoolaji iyo naqshad, laakiin sidoo kale si kasta oo suurto gal ah in ay xoogga saaraan in ay orientation fikirka. Iyadoo la tixraacayo bandhig muddada dheer iyo dalalka ay ka qayb waa soo xeerarka taambuug iyaga u gaar ah in style qaranka. qabyada ah Soviet waxaa loogu talagalay si ay u muujiyaan dunida Fadilmo ee habka dhaqaalaha qaranka.

In tartanka ku dhawaaqay for design ee taambuuggiisa ah waxaa ka soo qeyb injineero badan Madaxdii Gaalowday oo qadariyo waqtiga. Boris guuleystay lofan, abuuro mashruuc in qaab classical, qaybta dhexe ee kaas oo la degan farshaxan ah. Guddiga Sare ee la ansixiyey fikradda guud, laakiin diiday mashearulxaraam. Isla markiiba soo socda tartanka, taas oo looga adkaaday Vera Mukhina lagu qabtay.

Qoraaga of "Shaqaalaha iyo Collective Farm Girl" taallo ku qabsaday malaha baaxad guddi labada sculptural waa iftiin iyo loogu talagalay weeraryahanka. Tilmaamo fudud ee taallo ee geesiyaal dadka soo jiitay ee uu dhalinyarada iyo cibaadaysi, iyo safaleeti ruxaya calaamad dhaqdhaqaaqa degdeg ah mustaqbal ifaya. Kor u badan madaxa ku qabsatay dubbe iyo sickle calaamad midnimada shaqaalaha iyo beeralayda wadareed.

Marxaladaha dhismaha mashearulxaraam - caqabadaha iyo guulihii

Haddaba waxay ahayd in si degdeg ah loo abuuro qaab-dhismeedka ay size run. farshaxan "Shaqaalaha iyo Collective Farm Girl" The by ujeeddo qoraaga ahayd, sarajooggeeduna wuxuu toosaa - 25 mitir. Si ay u fuliyaan shaqo weyn la siiyey lix bilood oo kaliya.

size badan oo tiir u jeedkiisu ahaa kaliya ma ahan inay soo jiitaan dareenka of qiimaha uu lahaa iftiimi badan Paris. Saldhig ahaan dhismaha farshaxan u eegay oo naxaas ah ama naxaas. Biraha Kuwan waxaa lagu gartaa karaamo iyo sharaf leh views. Laakiinse iyagu ma ay siin shucaaca la qorsheeyay, waayo, iftiinku nuugo. Sidaa darteed taallo sculptor "Ammaanka iyo Kolhoz" Vera Muhina go'aansaday inuu u simanahay aniga taallo of xaashi ahama.

First, wada reebtay sameeyaan kooban ee blocks qoryo loola dhaqmo dusha qalabka nijaarnimada iyo gaari macaanaa weyn. Markaas dhigay on top of saldhigyadii alwaax go'yaal steel thinnest, kuwaas oo dhumucdiisuna kama badna millimeter ah. qolof steel The Celin caaryada alwaax. Laga soo bilaabo gudaha mahrajaan steel ku wada qabtay by yahay ee welds.

Guddiga soo xulidda, madax u ah Madaxda Soviet ansixiyay taallo dhamaystirtay. In sideeda oo wajiga soo socda "Shaqaalaha iyo Collective Farm Girl" u lahaa in ay si Paris tagaan. Si loogu fududeeyo gaadiidka mashearulxaraam waxaa loo kala qaybiyey shan iyo lixdan gogo 'iyo Hawiyaha ee tareenka. miisaanka guud ee dhismaha ahaa 75 tan oo, kuwaas oo 12 tan oo la siiyey sanduuqa battariga ee birta. Wixii gaadiidka ee mashearulxaraam, qalabka iyo aaladaha intay saddex baabuur darsin xamuulka ah ayaa ku lug leh.

niinasaa PSG

In alaabtii, nasiib daro, waxaa jiray aan wax dhaawac ah. Intii lagu guda jiray shaqada loo xirxiro si deg deg ah hareen ayna duleella, laakiinse hubaal wakhtiga la ballamay, May 25, 1937, Taalladaas "Shaqaalaha iyo Collective Farm Girl" waxay bilaabeen inay ku iftiimin oo cirka Paris. Naciimo PSG iyo bandhige waxaa jiray xadka lahayn.

Steel la yaabteen Halabuurka ee quruxda iyo haybad, birqayso qorraxda la jiray cayn kasta oo midabo. Tower Eiffel wuxuu ku yaalaa agagaarka degdeg ah farshaxan ah Soviet, badiyay waynaanta iyo rafcaanka.

Taalladaas Soviet la gudoonsiiyey bilad dahab ah - Prix Grand ah. Natiijadu waxay noqon kartaa gaari ku faani Vera Mukhina - a sculptor Soviet suubban iyo tayo leh. "Shaqaalaha iyo Collective Farm Girl" mar heleen indhaha u xaaladda dunida ka mid ah astaanta gobolka Soviet in.

Dhamaadka bandhiga, wafdiga Soviet lagu casuumay by kooxda Faransiiska inay iska iibiso farshaxan ah. Hoggaanka of USSR ah, dabcan, ayaa diiday.

Xaggee ka taagtay caanka ah Soviet

The group "Shaqaalaha iyo Collective Farm Girl" sculptural si nabad ah ku soo laabtay dalkiisa, oo waxaa ugu dhaqsaha badan lagu rakibay ay meel deggenaanshaha waddanka ee joogtada - hore ee mid ka mid ah laga galo Xarunta Exhibition ah (Exhibition of Guulaha Dhaqaalaha). Maanta territory this iska leh VVC (All Ruush Exhibition Centre), mid ka mid ah ugu soo booqday by dadka deegaanka iyo martida meelaha Moscow badan.

Qoraaga of mashearulxaraam "Shaqaalaha iyo Haweenay ka Farm Collective" Vera Mukhina ansixin site rakibo. Oo height of farshaxan ahaa hoose ay sabab u tahay xaqiiqada ah in meesha haysa wuxuu ahaa saddex jeer la dhimay ee size. Vera Ignatyevna dheer sida aagga fallaadhii ku River Moscow, halkaas oo hadda u taagan Peter Tsereteli shaqada ugu horeysa. Waxay soo jeediyay iyo arkaysid madal on Sparrow Hills. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in ay iyada opinion lama Dhumeen

"Shaqaalaha iyo Girl Farm Collective" - calaamad dunida-caan ah xilligii Soviet

Tan iyo bandhig Paris ee farshaxan uu noqday feature a qaranka ee gobolka Soviet, hirgaliyay adduunka oo dhan oo ah qaab stamps boostada, karkan, lacagta birta ah xusuus, albums la udaabacida. Image taallo caan u muuqday qaab qadiin ah oo tiro badan oo caan hadeysan kaliya by matryoshka Ruush. Oo tan iyo 1947 filimka studio "Mosfilm" waxaa loo isticmaalay in cutscenes ay farshaxan caan ah "Shaqaalaha iyo Girl Farm Collective" iyo sidaas nafteeda dhiso sida astaanta dalka Soviet.

Vera Mukhina - sayidkiisa la aqoonsan yahay ee hal-abuurka sculptural

In mahadceliyay dowladda Soviet abaal Vera Stalin Prize Mukhina. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaa jiray tiro ka mid ah abaalmarinta iyo faa'iidooyinka kala duwan ee Dowladda, kuwaas oo caan ka sculptor dhaddig. "Shaqaalaha iyo Collective Farm Girl" u suurta Mukhina ku raaxaysanayaan xoriyad dhamaystiran hawlaha hal abuur leh. Laakiin, nasiib daro Wiilashii sculptor halyeeyga ayaa weli ku jira xasuusta oo keliya sida qoraaga of taallo kaliya.

In museum Vera Mukhina ee, ku yaal salka meesha haysa ee farshaxan caanka ah, waa set oo ah sawiro documentary, newsreels, oo muujinaysa in Ignatyevna shaqada badan dhal badan. Waxay ku qoray sawirka, abuuray mashaariic sculptural iyo Halabuurka muraayad ah. In museum ku jira wax badan oo model hordhaca ah ee mashearulxaraam, oo ma u awoodin inuu keeno nolosha sculptor dumar caanka ah. "Shaqaalaha iyo Collective Farm Girl" - ma aha taallo kaliya ee ka shaqeeya Mukhina ee Moscow.

curiyay kale Vera Mukhina ee

Hands of abuure tayo leh la qotomiyey taallo in Tchaikovsky, oo ku yaalla hore ee Conservatory Moscow, iyo Maksimu Gorkomu ee Railway Station Belorussky ah. Qoraaga iska leh Halabuurka "Science" ee sculptural, "kibis", "bacriminta".

Vera Mukhina qaaday qayb firfircoon ee shaqada oo ka mid ah kooxaha sculptural ku taalla buundada Moskva ah. Waayo, shaqada Ignatyevna abaalmarinta dawladda si joogta ah abaal, abaalmarinta ugu sarraysa Soviet, iyada waxaa loo doortay xubin ka mid ah Presidium ee Academy USSR ee Arts.

Oo ay weheliso shaqo ee Vera Mukhina ku hawlan hawlaha baridda. Markii danbena wuxuu noqday si firfircoon uga shaqeeyaan warshad Leningrad ee, abuurista halabuurka ka mid ah dhalooyinka iyo galaas sida qoraa. "Shaqaalaha iyo Girl Farm Collective" sannado badan oo taagan hawada furan helay waxyeello weyn.

galla oo ummadda reer taallo

Sannadkii 2003 waxaa la go'aamiyay in dib farshaxan caanka ah. taallo ayaa waxaa kala dhantaashay oo loogu talagalay waxaa loo qaybiyaa jajabkii badan. ficil celinta socday muddo ku dhow lix sano. Dhismaha jir hoose ayaa ku xoogaystay, oo la tukado steel ka daahirsanaato nijaasta iyo baaraandegi kiimikada difaaca awood u kordhiyo hawshii mashearulxaraam. farshaxan Updated lagu rakibay on a taallo sare cusub ee December 2009. Haddaba, Taalladaas noqday laba jeer ka badan ay hore u ahayd.

Maanta, Taalladaas "Shaqaalaha iyo Collective Farm Girl" - waa ma aha oo kaliya calaamad u ah xilligii Soviet, iyo abuurista taariikhi ah qoraaga tayo of Vera Mukhina, caalamka oo dhan laga aqoonsan yahay. Taalladaas waa astaanta of durkin Moscow, kaas oo booqday sannad kasta by kun oo dalxiisayaal ah oo dhan ka dunida dacaladeeda.