Farmashiye caanka: Biography iyo guulihii

Chemistry - waa saynis ah in wakhti dheer ah si ay ugu adeegaan dadka waxqabadkooda maalmeed. anshaxa Tani waxay kaalin weyn in industry ee casriga ah, iyada oo aan taas ma jiri karaan ilbaxnimada aadanaha. Laakiin sida heerka sare ah ee horumarinta ayaa gaari oo kaliya iyada oo shuqullada saynisyahano si fiican u yaqaan, kuwaas oo uu naftiisa u huray in kiimikada.

Avogadro: hanad u xiran yihiin

Mid ka mid ah farmashiye ugu caansan waa Amedeo Avogadro. Waxa uu ku dhashay Italy, in rasmi ah qoyska. In 1792, in uu helay uu shahaadada sharciga. Aabbihiis sidoo kale wuxuu ahaa khabiir ku ah si fiican u yaqaan oo duurka ku ah sharciga. shaqo bilaabo gudbikaraa oo sharci-dejinta, Avogadro in uu waqti free ku hawlan baadhitaanka of physics iyo xisaabta. Kaliya ee 1820 uu ka helay horyaalka ee Professor ee Jirka iyo Xisaabeed Sciences.

farmashiye caanka waqtiga xusay in Avogadro wuxuu ahaa nin aad rights reserved, sidaas badan oo fikrado ma ahaayeen cad iyaga. Aqoonsiga ee wareegyada sayniska Avogadro helay ka dib markii xaqiijinta uu aragti caan ah, ka dib loo yaqaan "sharciga Avogadro ee". Avogadro sidoo kale tirada xubnaha xubno badan oo kiimikada, waxa uu abuuray habka lagu ogaanayo miisaankiisu kelli.

danaha Biography iyo cilmi Boyle

doorka muhiimka ah ee horumarinta chemistry play iyo guulaha Roberta Boylya. Waxa uu ku dhashay January 25, 1627 in Ireland. Sida ilmo, uu bartay guriga, ka dibna soo diray in Eton School, si gaar ah u abuuray, waayo, reer binu dabaqadda sare hodanka ah. In 1656 Robert Boyle dhaqaaqay Oxford, halkaas oo uu ka bilaabay inuu muujiyo xiisaha uu physics iyo kimisteriga. Waxaa Boyle aasaasay xiriirka saaxiibtinimo la qabatimay sayniska by saynisyahano dhallinyarada. Si wada jir ah waxay ku abuureen nooc ka mid ah bulshada qarsoodi ah, taasi oo markii dambe u noqday Research Oxford ku Society.

farmashiye caanka waqtiga xaqiijiyay in Boyle ma jeclaan muran, iyo fogaado xataa dacwaddii sayniska in inta badan soo xirtay dabeecad kaftan ah. Boyle sameeyay fikradda ah waxa loogu yeero "corpuscles hoose" (unugyada aasaasiga ah) iyo "corpuscles sare (meydadka adag). In uu buugga cinwaan looga dhigay "The walaacsan Chemist" Boyle markii ugu horeysay qeexayaa waxyaabaha - ". Jidhka asalka ah, taas oo aan la soo bixi kasta oo kale" Waxa intaa dheer in chemistry, cilmi Boyle ee ku wajahan tahay qaybaha ee optics, codka iyo korontada.

waxbarashada Werner

Alfred Werner ayaa ku dhashay on December 12, 1866 in qoyska Turner ah. Ka dib ka qalin dugsiga hoose Werner gala Dugsiga Farsamada iyo xiiseynayo chemistry. Waxa uu bilaabo inuu u saaray tijaabo kiimikada xaq guriga. Intaa waxaa dheer, saynisyahan dhallinyarada xiiso suugaanta iyo xataa naqshadaha. Chemist Alfred Werner waxaa la guddoonsiiyey abaalmarinta Nobel Prize ee uu qoray ee waxa loogu yeero aragti shaqaynta. Intaa waxaa dheer, Werner ayaa abuuray uu aragti u gaar ah ee acids iyo saldhigyadii, oo wuxuu u bixiyey inuu version gaar ah ee Table ka wakhtiyeysan. In 1913 wuxuu helay abaalmarinta Nobel Prize.

Guulaha Niels Bohr in Chemistry

farmashiye caan adduunka oo dhan ilaa maantadan la joogo raaxaysan guulaha Niels Bohr, kuwaas oo ahaa inta badan caan ku ah in uu cilmi baaris oo duurka ku of physics. Niels Bohr abuuray galmada la eb hydrogen aragtida. In waxa, uu sharaxay electrons muuqaalada wareeg iyo xisaab ahaan ku tilmaamay gobolada kala duwan ee la eb ee.

Niels Bohr ku dhashay October 7, 1885 ee Kobanheegan, in qoyska ah aqooneed. In guriga waalidkiis ayaa inta badan looga hadlayay arrimaha sayniska la mariyo. Iyadoo waxbarasho ee jaamacadda Kobanheegan Bohr helay Biladaha ee Academy deenishka ee Sciences. farmashiye kale loo yaqaan - inta badan Ernest Rutherford - ayaa la bartay la Bohr xubno su'aalo shucaaca iyo qaab-dhismeedka qaaradda.

Svante Arrhenius - farmashiyaha ka soo Sweden

cilmibaadhe kale oo caan ah oo duurka ku ah chemistry - Svante Arrhenius. Waxa uu ku dhashay February 19, 1859 ee Uppsala. In 1876 wuxuu ku qoran Jaamacadda, iyo lix bilood ka hor helay shahaado ah Philosophy. Tan iyo 1881 Arrhenius bilaabmaa waxbarasho ee xal aqueous of electrolytes ka tirsan machadka Stockholm ee Physics. In 1903, saynisyahan waxaa la guddoonsiiyey abaalmarinta Nobel Prize xagga qoraaga aragtida ah ee dissociation electrolytic.

Waxaa la og yahay in Arrhenius lahaa qof wanaagsan-dabeecad iyo farxad. Isla mar, isaga ugu garteen ma aha oo kaliya sida Aqoonyahan laakiin sidoo kale sida qoraaga of buugaagta iyo articles on xiddigaha iyo daawo. Qubarada ayaa muddo dheer la aqoonsan yahay kiimikada ee guulaha, waayo, tusaale ahaan, aragtiyaha uu si adag u dhalleeceeyay by Mendeleev. Later waxaa ka leexatay in aragtida labada cilmi sal oo ka mid ah, wax-u proton, saldhigyada aragtida cusub ee kiimikada.