Fanaaniinta-uqabso. fanaaniinta avant-garde Ruush ee qarnigii 20-

In horrantii qarnigii labaatanaad ee Russia waxaa jiray mid ka mid ah isbeddellada in ka qaaday bilowgii modernismen oo la odhan jiray "Ruush-uqabso." Suugaan waxay u muuqataa sidii avant - "hore" iyo garde - "ammaanka", laakiin la turjumaad waqtiga ayaa maray wax-u casriyeynta iyo haddana waxaa ka dhawaajisay sida "hormuudkii". Dhab ahaantii, aasaasayaasha dhaqdhaqaaqa this noqday fanaaniinta avant-garde Faransiis ah qarnigii 19 in ku dooday in loo diido wax kasta oo mabaadi'da kuwa aasaasiga ah ee waqtiga oo dhan jiritaanka tahay. Ujeedada ugu weyn ee farshaxan-uqabso waa inkiraad ah ee dhaqanka iyo xeerarka aan qornayn ee xirfadda iyo farshaxanka.

Vanguard iyo dabcan

Ruush-uqabso - isku-dar ah dhaqan Ruush qaar ka mid ah farsamooyinka ah farshaxankiisa Western Yurub. The fanaaniinta avant-garde Ruush - kuwa ku qoray qaab aan la taaban karin ee Suprematism, Constructivism iyo Cubo-Futurism. Dhab ahaantii, afar kuwanu waa isbeddellada muhiimka ah iyo isbedelka wax-uqabso.

• Wargeysyada marka qoraal Abstractionist siiyey fiiro gaar ah in midabka iyo qaabka. iyaga Dalbashada, kolkaasay iyagu abuurmaan, tiro ka mid ah ururada. Aasaasihii dhaqdhaqaaqa this ee Russia ahaa Kandinsky, iyo ugu danbeyn uu taageeray by Malevich, Larionov, Goncharova.
• Suprematism - Horumarinta fikradaha liishaamo, Malevich kale abuuray. web hore ee habkani - "Black Square". Safka hore ee isku darka of qaabab iyo midabo waxaa laga dhigi doonaa in la abuuro sawirka. fikradaha Suprematist gaalda, ayaa muujiyay in shuqullada fanaaniinta avant-garde A. Rozanov, MI Kliun, Alexandra Exter, N. Udaltsov.
• The salaysan fikrado wax dhisaya waa images of qalabka wax soo saarka. Aasaasayaasha dhaqdhaqaaqa this yihiin fannaaniinta wax-uqabso ee qarnigii 20 V. Tatlin iyo E. Lissitzky ah.
• isku dar ah oo Faransiis Cubism iyo Futurism Talyaani ayaa kor u qaada kale gudahood: Cubo. Shaqada fuliyay style this, abstracts Sharaf qaabab iyo isku midab aan la yaqaan in ay tahay waqtiga. wakiilada u fiican oo Ruush Cubo-Futurism noqday wax-uqabso fanaaniinta Malevich, O. Rozanova, Goncharova, N. Udaltsov, L. Popova, Alexandra Exter.

Tilmaamo farshaxanka iyo sharraxaadda ee ku wax-uqabso

Waayo, wax-uqabso dhaqdhaqaaqa waxaa lagu gartaa qaar ka mid ah sifooyinka in la kala saaro meelaha kale:

• Garde soo dhawaynaynaa wixii isbeddel ah bulshada, sida kacaanka.
• Qulquli caan ku madmadowga gaar ah, tusaale ahaan, Caqli iyo irrationality.
• Aqoonsiga, jaceylka iyo maamuus u horumarka sayniska iyo farsamada.
• Foomamka New, hababka iyo hab, aan hore loo isticmaalo ee dunida farshaxanka.
• diidmada Buuxi qarnigii Fine Arts VIII.
• Diidmada ama aqbalo dhaqanka, aasaaska rinjiyeynta aasaasay.
• Tijaabo la qaababka, midabada iyo midabo.

Wassily Kandinsky

All fanaaniinta-uqabso ee qarnigii 20aad waa "carruurta" Vasiliya Kandinskogo, kuwaas oo ahaa aasaasihii oo ka mid ah wax-uqabso ee Russia. shuqulkiisa oo dhammu wuxuu u qaybsan yahay 3 marxaladood:

• muddo Munich ayaa Kandinsky shaqeeya on Bbc, abuurista masterpieces sida "The Blue fuushanba", "Gateway", "Gulf Coast ee Holland", "Old Town".
• muddo Moscow. The farshaxankiisa ugu caansan ka mid ah "Amazon" muddada iyo "Amazon ee buuraha."
• Bauhaus iyo Paris. goobada waxaa loo isticmaalaa inta badan qaababka kale joomateri iyo midabo u muuqdaan in ay noqon metrik qabow iyo deji. Works of muddo this yihiin "aragga yaryar ee cas", "Curiska VIII», «Caalamka yaryar", "Yellow Sound", "fanaaniinta cusub".

Kazimir Malevich

Kazimir Malevich ku dhashay February 1879 ee Kiev ee qoyska ka mid ah Polish. Waayo, markii ugu horeysay ee doorka artist ah, waa inuu gacanta at 15 sano jir ah ay isku dayeen markii uu la siiyey go'an ee rinjiga. Tan iyo markaas, waayo Malevich waxay ahayd arrimaha more muhiim ah oo ranjiyeynta. Laakiin Waalid ma wadaagno ina xamaasad iyo ku adkeystay on helitaanka xirfad dheeraad ah oo halis ah oo qaali ah. Sidaa darteed Malevich galay dugsiga agronomic. Imaanshaha ee Kursk ee 1896, wuxuu ka dhigaa yiqiin la Leo Kvachevskim, artist ah oo la taliyaa Casimir tag inaad wax ka barato Moscow. Nasiib darro, Malevich labo jeer ku guuldareystay inay soo galaan School Moscow ee Rinjiyeynta. Waxa uu bilaabay in uu barto xirfad ee Rerberg kii ma aha oo kaliya baray artist dhallinyarada, laakiin sidoo kale qaaday daryeelka ee si kasta oo macquul: bandhigyo abaabulay ee uu shaqada, waxa lagu soo bandhigay dadweynaha. Labada shuqullada hore iyo kan dambe by Malevich - nolosah dhaw iyo dareen. Like kale oo Ruush fanaaniinta-uqabso ee qarnigii 20aad, wuxuu isku daraa uu hufnaan shaqo iyo waxyaalaha faaxishooyinka ah, laakiin sawirka isku daraa sarbeebta iyo thoughtfulness. In 1915, Malevich ayaa lagu soo bandhigay dadweynaha taxane ah oo farshaxankiisa ku style ah ee wax-uqabso, ugu iyaga ka mid ah oo caan ah - "Black Square". Waxaa ka mid ah wax badan oo ka mid ah labada taageerayaasha iyo fanaaniin wax-uqabso ka qayb qaatay "A qaarkood xanuunsan-ujeeddo", "naso. Society ee dhululubada, "" Sisters, "" nigis on xayndaabka "," jir "," beerta "," Church "," Laba Dryads, "" Halabuurka kubofuturisticheskogo. "

Mikhail Larionov

Wuxuu bartay Dugsiga Moscow ee Rinjiyeynta, Waa naqshad iyo Architecture. macalimiinta waxay ahaayeen fannaaniin caan ah sida Korovin, Levitan, Serov. In shuqullada hore ee Larionov raad qoraal hal-abuurka soo jireenka ah Nesterova iyo Kuznetsova, oo aan fanaaniin wax-uqabso iyo farshaxanka ay aadan ka tirsaneyn habkani. Lagu gartaa Larionov iyo meelaha sida farshaxanka dad, heer hoose ah. Sababi qoraalada military, tusaale ahaan, "Vacationers askari" iyo aragti qurux fiican, ciinwaanka in filimka "Venus" iyo "Katsapskaya Venus." Like fannaaniin kale oo wax-uqabso Soviet, Larionov ka qeyb qaatay bandhiga "Dameer ayaa dabada" iyo "Jack of Diamonds."

Natalia Goncharova

Goncharova markii hore bartay farshaxan, iyo kaliya ka dib u dhaqaaqay rinjiyeynta. Her mentor kowaad wuxuu ahaa Korovin, iyo inta lagu jiro xilliga this ayay wuu ka raalli noqday bandhiga farshaxankiisa ruuxa Impressionism. ka dibna waxaa lagu sara kiciyaana mawduucyada farshaxanka ridayeen iyo dhaqanka dadyowga iyo jireen waagii kala duwan. Tani waxay keentay in soo bixitaanka of filimada sida "wacdiyayaal", "Harvest", "Hooyo", "Runaround". muuqashadii A of fikradda ah aan dhiman ah oo ku saabsan fanka shiraac bilaabay rinjiyaynta "Orchids" iyo "ubaxyada nuuri"

Olga Rozanova

Like fanaaniinta ugu, Rozanov dugsiga ka dib sarkhaansan yihiin fannaaniinta kale waxay ku yimaadeen. fanaaniinta-uqabso qayb ka mid ah gabar yar oo tayo leh nolosha dadweynaha, oo muddo 10 sano ah ayay ka qayb qaatay tiro badan oo ah bandhigyo iyo ayaa soo saaray wax badan oo ka mid ah buugaagta iyo riwaayadaha. Rozanov soo martay dhowr ah heerarka kala duwan ee shaqo, la beddelo qaabka iyo jihada.

Ivan Klyunkov (Kliun)

Jidka Creative Ivana Klyuna jir- bedelay ka dib kulan uu la yeeshay Malevich. Xitaa ka hor isaga kulan artist bartay rinjiyeynta Faransiis oo booqday bandhiga "Jack of Diamonds." Ka dib shir khaas ah Kliun ku darayaa in uu ururinta ah farshaxankiisa by "Gramophone", "garaafo" iyo "ordaya iyada oo muuqaalka ah." More shaqada dhawaan artist ah toogasho ku style ee rinjiyeynta tusaale ah, abuurista Wehbe, sifayn darey, weli nolosha, sawir.

Alexandra Exter

Exter noqon artist ah sababta oo ah safarka ay ku tagayaan Paris, halkaas oo qaddar iyadii u keenay fanaaniinta dunida-caan sida sida Picasso, Yacquub, Braque, Apollinaire, oo waxaa ku dhex jiray wax-uqabso ah.
Ka dib markii safar Exter bilaabay inuu qoro style impressionistic iyo natiijada shaqada ahaa rinjiyeynta ka "Weli nolosha la dheri ah iyo ubaxyo" iyo "The saddex tirooyinka dumar ah." Waqti ka, shaqada noqday pointillism Muuqda iyo cubism. Alexander bandhigay farshaxankiisa at bandhigyo. Later, artist ayaa sooco waqti badan oo isugu darey non-tusaale ah rinji screens, Maryaha, barkimooyin, iyo sidoo kale design ee soosaarid masrixiyada.

Vladimir Tatlin

Tatlin bilaabay inuu barto School Moscow ee Rinjiyeynta, Waa naqshad iyo Architecture, ka dibna - at Art College Penza ah. Laakiin in view of the dhimman soo noqnoqda iyo kartida tacliinta saboolka ah, oo uu ku eryey, oo aan helin wax shahaado ah. In 1914 Tatlin ayaa muujiyay shuqulladiisa at bandhiga "Jack of Diamonds" iyo "dabada Dameer ee". Guud ahaan, farshaxankiisa la xiriira maalmaha shaqada kalluumaysiga. doorka muhiimka ah ee isbedelka of jihada ciyaaraa kulan la Picasso ahaa ka dib markii iyada Tatlin bilaabay inuu abuuro Cubist in style "saamaynta Larionov." curiyay uu ka tarjumayaan qaabka, oo ka kooban qoryaha, iyo bir iyo bir maadada aasaasiga ah ee Ruush constructivist wax-uqabso.

El Lissitzky

Waayo, markii ugu horeysay si adag u xidh la rinjiyaynta Lissitzky kala kulantay dhiirigelinta Yuhuudda bulshada of Arts, halkaas oo uu uga shaqeyneysey tan iyo 1916. Waqtigaas, ayuu ma aha oo kaliya lagu muujiyey wargeyska Yuhuudda, laakiin sidoo kale si firfircoon uga qaybqaatay bandhigyo lagu qabtay Moscow iyo Kiev. shaqada qoraaga dhis lagu biiriyo kitaabbadii lagu qoray iyo jadwalka miriskusnicheskie. Marka in Vitebsk Lissitzky aan micno lahayn xiiso hal-abuurka, waxaa diyaarinaya buugaagta iyo boodhadhka. Ale waa maaxdey ah "Proun" - qaar saddex dhinac-cabbir ah, kuwaas oo aasaas u ah wax soo saarka alaabta xataa maanta.

Lyubov Popova

Like fanaaniinta ugu, Popov qaaday jid multistep of formation: shuqulladeedu ay hore ayaa la sameeyey in style ee Cézanne, oo ka dib u muuqatay muuqaalada Cubism, Fauvism iyo Futurism. Popov Arkaa dunida sida a weli nolosha weyn, oo waxay isagii u wareejiyay shiraac ah ee foomka of images graphic. fiiro gaar ah waxaa la bixiyaa jecel dhawaaqa midabada. Tani waxay kala shaqada ka shuqulka Malevich. Raad-design soosaarid masrixiyada, Popov ayaa codsatay style ah "Art Deco", kaas oo la isu geeyo ay wax-uqabso iyo casriga ah. artist waxay ahayd hanti in la isu geeyo incongruous, tusaale ahaan, la Renaissance Cubism iyo iconography Ruush.

Doorka ugu Ruush-uqabso ee taariikhda

horumar badan oo wax-uqabso ayaa weli loo isticmaalaa in farshaxanka casriga ah ee wanaagsan, inkastoo uu isaga qudhiisu sida hormuudkii ah socday aad u dheer. Sababta ugu weyn ee ay u burburtay waa jiho kala duwan, kuwaas oo abuuray fanaaniin wax-uqabso ah. Vanguard Art ka dhigtay in ay suurto gal si ay u horumariyaan film sawir, iyo oggol yahay in la horumariyo qaabab cusub, habab iyo xalalka xalinta dhibaatooyinka farshaxanka.