Enver Pasha: Biography

Hogaamiyaha caan Turkish military, Enver Pasha - mid ka mid ah madaxda ka mid ah kacaankii Young Turk. Wuxuu ahaa u doode firfircoon ee Pan-Turkism iyo digsiga-islaamaynta, iyo sidoo kale ideologist ee Genocide ee Armenian at bilowgii qarnigii XX ah.

Enver Pasha: Biography

November 22, 1881 ee Istanbul si tareenada shaqaalaha qoys u dhashay Ismail Enver, mustaqbalka Enver Pasha. Dhalashada aabbihiis Enver - Turkigu, oo hooyadiis - Gagauz ama Albanian. Enver ahaa curadkii shan carruur ah, wuxuu lahaa laba walaalo ah iyo laba gabdhood. Tan iyo carruurnimada, Enver ogaa waxa ay ahaan laheyd askari, sidaas darteed waxaan u baxay inuu ka barato dugsiga a military. Sida laga soo xigtay qaar ka mid ah taariikhda, ma uu bartay arrin kaamil ah, laakiin ka soo baxay akadeemiga qalin ee 1903 la darajo ah kabtanka, iyo saddex sano ka dib waxaa la dalacsiiyay Major.

Enver waxaa loo diray si ay ugu adeegaan in Thessaloniki. Waxaa, wuxuu si firfircoon u noqday ku lug leh hawlaha dhaqdhaqaaqa ciidamada loo yaqaan "Homeland iyo Freedom", taas oo la kulmay si qarsoodi ah, waxa taladoodu hoos niyadda ka weyn oo nabad ah urur siyaasadeed "Midowga iyo Horumarka".

Turkiga Young iyo kacaanka ugu horeysay

Ka dib markii heshiis u dhexeeya Nicholas II iyo Edward VII oo ku saabsan dib u habaynta loo baahan yahay in Macedonia, saxiixay 1908, Turkey bilaabay dibad xooggan, sii shiday wararka xanta ah by iyo fikrado ku saabsan kala qeybinta Boqortooyadii Cismaaniyadda. Movement "Midnimada iyo Horumarka" ay ahayd inay isugu yeedhaan Turkiga Young iyo qaban dibad baxyada iyo ciidamada inay ridaan dawladda urub. Enver noqday si firfircoon ugu lug dibad ah, oo in muddo ah ka dib markii mar hore, kumanaan qof oo isaga raacay. Young, firfircooni iyo ganacsiga, oo wuxuu noqday mid ka mid ah madaxda ka mid ah kacaankii Young Turk.

In 1908, kulan ee Salonikah Enver Bey naadiyey soo celinta Dastuurka Turkish oo ku dhawaaqay maalinta labaad ee bilowgii xilligii dastuuriga ah ee Boqortooyadii Cismaaniyadda July 10. Ka dib inqilaabkii, wuxuu qaatay laba sano faraca a Turkish ee Germany, halkaas oo uu ku amaanay tababarka ciidamada oo ka mid ah ciidamada Jarmal iyo calaamadsan bilowgii iskaashiga military u dhexeeya Turkey iyo Germany.

War Italo-Turkish ee Africa

In 1911, Italy noqday saamaynta tartan Turkish ee Tripolitania, gobolka ee Liibiya oo casri ah. Enver Bey tagay Berlin oo u tegey Liibiya si uu u hoggaamiyo ciidanka Turkish. Hogaamiyaha waxa uu ahaa awoodaan in ay qaataan olole abaabul weyn, ururinta ka badan 20 kun oo askari, laakiin waxaa lagu qasbay inuu ka tago Liibiya sababtoo ah height of War Balkan ah. Sidaas darteed, control of Tripolitania baxay inuu ciidanka reer Talyaani.

Natiijooyinka noocan oo keentay in lagu qanacsanayn ee Turkiga iyo qasayo in ciidamada siyaasadeed. "Midnimada iyo Horumarka" waxay bilaabeen inay lumiso caan ah iyo taageero, iyo in 1912 ee doorashooyinka baarlamaanka ku guuleystay by Midowga Liberal ah, u diiday xoogga Turkiga Young ah.

War Balkan iyo u kaca si ay awood

Bishii Oktoobar 1912, ciidanka urub guuldarro ka dib markii guuldarro ee Balkans, taas oo keentay in lagu qasayo dowladda cusub. dareenka waxay ku isticmaali Turkiga Young ah, iyo in January 1913 sameeyey afgambi kale, dumin Midowga Liberal iyo sameynta talisnimada saddex pashas. nooc ka mid ah sedax ka koobnaa:

• Hogaamiyaha Young Turk Suleimaan Pasha, u adeegay sidii vizier sare ama ra'iisul wasaaraha, iyo sidoo kale Wasiirka Arrimaha Gudaha ah;
• Jemal Pasha, qabanaaya xilka Xafiiska Taliyaha ciidamada badda;
• Enver Pasha, taliyaha ciidamada xoogga dalka.

Intii lagu guda jiray sedax si rasmi ah loo tixgeliyaa in ay ka Sultan Sultan Mehmed V, laakiin Qolyihii xoogga ahaa ee gacmaha saddex pashas. Enver Pasha, Biography ah ee Sultan waxaa Xaqiijiyay, xataa guursaday gabadhii Prince Suleiman. Sidaas daraaddeed ayuu qayb ka mid ah qoyska reer boqor noqday.

Ka qayb qaadashada Dagaalkii Adduunka

Iyagoo Germanophile oo xulafo la ah Germany, Enver Pasha, ku dhowaad hal-fadeexadi ku jiiday Turkey galay dagaalkii koowaad ee aduunka, socday waqti isku mid ah, xataa ka dhanka ah opinion ee saaxiibadii. Ogolaansho la'aan oo ka mid ah Golaha Wasiiradda ee Turkey, wuxuu siiyey ogolaansho in laba markab oo Jarmal inay soo galaan Dardanelles iyo isagoo ka baxsanayo cadaadis of raxan Faransiiska baxsadaan. Ka dibna, kuwaas oo laba markab oo la siiyey in ay ciidamada badda Turkiga, kuwaas oo loogu tala galay soo gunaanaday lama huraan ah isbahaysi la Germany iyo Turkey ayaa ku lug lahaa dagaalka.

Dabayaaqadii October, Markabka galay Badda Madow oo weeraray dekedaha Ruush in Odessa, Sevastopol iyo Feodosiya. Sidaas darteed weerarka, Russia dhawaaqay dagaal on Turkey. Enver Pasha abaabulay abaabulka guud, iyo waxa loo magacaabay Wasiirka Wasaaradda War.

xasuuqii ka mid ah Armenians iyo Gariigta ah

Sida taageersaneyd sintaan Haweejkiinna dhexdooda of digsiga-islaamaynta, Enver Pasha aannaan cadaawad Armenians iyo Gariigba ku nool Boqortooyadii Cismaaniyadda iyo anfici Masiixiyada. Inkasta oo tani ma hortago Pasha ah in ay aqbalaan askarta Armenian oo ciidankiisa.

Intii lagu guda jiray Dagaalkii Adduunka koowaad ee ciidanka Ruush-Turkish hore saddexaad Turkish hoos amarka Enver Pasha guuldarro burburiyo ee Battle of Sarikamis. Markaas, si ay caasimadda soo laabtay, Enver Pasha, ciidamada Armenian eedeeyay fulaynimo iyo wax qabad la'aanta si ay ula dagaallamaan, oo haddana sudhay iyaga ayaa mas'uul ka ah dagaalka laga badiyay. guuldaradii Taasi waxay ahayd sababta xasuuqa dadweynaha Armenian.

Xasuuqa loogama qaadi nolosha ee ku saabsan nus milyan oo qof, kuwaasoo ka mid ah, oo ayan ku jirin Armenians Gariig ah oo reer Suuriyana. Ilaa maantadan la joogo, ku Armenians ah Boqortooyadii Cismaaniyadda yeedhay tallaabo ka dhanka ah la shaqayn jiray 1915 dembi Grand. nabarka, taas oo sababtay Turkiga si ay dadka Armenian, si qoto dheer in 1919 at kulanka of dawladda Armenian Kacaanka la go'aamiyay in uu abaabulo hawlgalka "nabdoonaan" ahaa.

Enver Pasha: "nabdoonaan" iyo dayuurada ka soo Turkey

Inta lagu guda jiro "Operation nabdoonaan" 40 qof ayaa lagu soo xulay, kuwa mas'uulka ka ah ururka iyo fulinta xasuuqa. Waayo, dil kasta oo dheeraad ah iyo si taxadar leh loo diyaariyey. hawlgallada Artists loogama qaadi nolosha laba wakiillo ka sedax: Talaal Pasha iyo Cemal Pasha, si kastaba ha ahaatee, Enver Pasha ayaa la dilay iyaga by, oo aan ka baxsaday ciqaab, taasoo ka dhigeysa Turkey. markii qaar ka mid ah uu ku qaatay in Moscow, la soo shaqeeyay dowladda Bolshevik oo la qorsheynayo uu dalkiisii ku noqday.

Bolsheviks The, markeeda, waxa uu u dhigmaa si ay u taageeraan xisbiga ee Enver Pasha iyo Dadka Jamhuuriga ee xisbiga Kemal. Marka Kemal guul u soo dhammaystay ay kacaan, Enver Pasha ayaa laga badiyay taageerada Bolsheviks ah. Hoggaamiyihii hore ee Turkish loo diray dagaalka Bukhara dhaqdhaqaaqa Basmach.

basmachi

Dareen qof aan waxba dawladda cas, Enver Pasha go'aansaday inuu u gudubnee Basmachi ah. From Turkestan, wuxuu warqad u Moscow iyadoo looga baahan yahay in ay ka baxaan ciidanka reer Bolsheviks ah, iyo si loo xaqiijiyo madaxbanaanida ee gobolka diray.

Iyada oo heybad, kalsoonida iyo aqoonta meesha qarsoon oo Army Cas ee gobolka, Enver Pasha si dhakhso ah u kacay hogaanka ku dhex Basmachi iyo fuliyeen dhowr howl-guul. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in uu jecel yahay in ay qaataan dagaal xoogga oo dhan oo ay noqoto a Basmachis hoggaamiye aan isaga ogol yahay in ay xiriir la samaynayaan hoggaamiyayaasha kale. Waxay si joogta ah u diiday Enver Pasha in gargaarka iyo ciidamada, Ibrahim Bey, ayaa diiday in ay aqoonsadaan eegidda of Pasha ah, hal mar xitaa weeraray isaga iyo ciidankiisii, yeeleynin hagaajin karin. Enver Pasha ayaa lagu dilay ama lagu dhaawacay, laakiin ma sii wadi karo hawlaha.

Hogaamiyaha hore lagu qasbay inuu si Baldzhuan, halkii uu ku dhuumanayay oo ciidan yar oo ku dhow magaalada ka cararaan. Horraantii August, ayuu hoos u xiiseeyaan Bolsheviks ah, iyo askartii ka mid ah KGB iyada oo ujeedadu tahay diray in ay qabsadaan ama u dilaan. August 4, 1922 intii uu socday dagaal ay la askartii ka mid ah ayaa la toogtay Bolsheviks Enver Pasha. Hogaamiyaha Dilkii Basmachi xaqiijiyay George Agabeyov, garto jirka oo madaxii laga jaray.