Donato Bramante - muhandas fiican ee Renaissance Talyaani ah

Donato Di Paskuchchi d'Antonio (1444-1514), oo loo yaqaano Bramante iska leh ee sayid weyn Renaissance. waxay dhashay qorraxda oo dhalaalaysa iyo samada buluugga ah ee Italy ka yar, saaxiibada carruurnimada la taxadiri ugu fiican ee Qarniyadii hore, abuuray oo keliya ma aha shuqullo waaweyn farshaxanka, iyo Epoch dhan taariikhiga ah.

Bilowgii-abuurka

Donato, kuwaas oo ku soo koray ee qoyska soo ridayeen a in duchy ee Urbino, marka hore bartay rinjiyeynta iyo guul in fashion waqti kabarta in, taas oo dhalanteed ah oo meel bannaan oo dheeraad ah. Laakiin sida ilmo, sida uu sheegay biographer Dzhordzho Vazari, ayuu uu xiiseynayo joomatari oo samayn xisaabta dhismaha dhismayaasha.

In kasta oo ay caanka ah Donato Bramante, oo uu Biography waa ka fog tahay complete. Wixii macluumaad ah oo ku saabsan sannadaha hore ee naqshada uu yahay mid aad u yar, laakiin waxaynu og nahay in uu si baaxad leh u safray, fulinta amarada yar ee Urbino, Bergamo, Mantua, Florence iyo magaalooyin kale Talyaani. natiijada ugu weyn ee warwareeggayga, Kuwaas oo ah waayo-aragnimo iyo aqoon in la sameeyay ma aha oo kaliya inta lagu jiro hawlgalka, laakiin sidoo kale saamayn ku kulamo la sayidkooda u fiican oo wakhtigaas.

In goobada weyn

Hal-abuurka ayaa waxaa saamayn ku Bramante injineero caan ah, Ranjiilayaasha iyo sculptors ee Italy: Filippo Brunelleschi, Ercole de 'Roberti, Andrea Mantegna iyo kuwa kale. Muhiimad weyn u Donato lahaa kulan uu la qaatay Leonardo da Vinci, kaasoo uu kula waxaa si dhow ula xiriira. Laakiin waxaa ka dib dhacay marka Bramante uu noqday sayidkiisa garwaaqsatey. Wada jir ah ula Leonardo, oo uu ka shaqeeyay on design arrimaha siraad naqshadda - add-on gaar ah qubbad dhismayaasha taas oo keliya ma oofiyo shaqo madaxtooyada, laakiin sidoo kale ay iftiinka iyo hawo.

fasalada rinjiyeynta

xilliga ugu horreeya ee shaqo artist ah ayaa la xidhiidha rinjiyeynta, in kastoo markaas Bramante dhigaysa Dakatu iyo sawiro burbur ah qadiimiga ah iyo barbaro Dakatu iyo sawiro guryo.

The sawirada farshaxanka oo kaliya badbaaday by sayidkii waa "Masiix Column ah" - rinjiyaynta on alwaax in Abbey Chiaravalle, meel u dhow Milan. Farshaxankii u suurtagashay in ay la abuuro image aad u macquul ah iyo naxdin leh in daawadayaasha leedahay saameyn dareen xoog leh. laftiisa rinjiyaynta muujinaysaa Donato Bramante farsamada soo jireenka ah farshaxanka - abuuro khayaal ah ee meel ballaaran.

decoration ee gudaha ayaa had iyo jeer soo jiitay Donato ka badan rinjiyeynta sheekada iyo farsamo ee image meel naqshadda ayaa saameyn ku leh shuqulka fanaaniinta Talyaani sida Ambrogio Bergognone, Bernardo Dzenale iyo kuwa kale.

Laakiin jiidashada la naqshadaha ahayd xoog, oo ah 80 sano sayidkiisii isaga qudhiisa oo gebi ahaanba u huray in goobtan. Cardinal Ascanio Sforza ay soo jiidatay inay Donato Bramante, shuqulladiisa oo ay noqdaan dad la yaqaan, oo isaga lagu casuumay inuu Milan.

Church of Santa Maria presso San Maadeys

Tani waa tii ugu horaysay gabi ahaanba is-dhisay by Bramante. Waxaa la dhisay qarnigii-upka, laakiin sayidkii si buuxda dib-u-qorsheeyey iyo guriga dhisay, la abuuro mashruuc dhigay dhismaha cusub, wada jir ah ula caanka Giovanni Amadeo.

Kiniisada waxaa lagu dhisay ee xeerkii hore Fiorentine Renaissance, si kastaba ha ahaatee, isbedelka cusub iyo hadda la dareemay, iyo sidoo kale Lyubov Donato Bramante si naqshadaha qadiimiga ah.

gudaha kaniisadda, gaar ahaan Sanskrit ah (meesha allabariga, oo haysata dharkii wadaaddadii iyo maacuunta), sidoo kale iska leh Bramante. Waxaa cad in ay tahay hab la arki karo ee artist ah, ku takhasusay rinjiyeynta gudaha. La'aanta meel looma ogola inuu ku sameeyo kaniisad choruses buuxa, iyo naqshada ayaa abuuray loola rinjiyaynta dhalanteed ah oo meel bannaan oo dheeraad ah oo soo dhaansatay: chorus a on mid ka mid ah derbiyada.

Horeba in design ah ee uu shaqada ugu horeysay naqshadda Donato cadeeyay naqshadeeye aad u fiican.

Church of Santa Maria delle Grazie

Tahay waxa iska leh dhismaha ugu quruxda badan ee Renaissance Talyaani ah. Asal ahaan, kiniisadda la dhisay iyadoo la raacayo Buzadag ah Gothic, laakiin Bramante sameeyey si ay naqshadaha, isbedel weyn, sida apse a xaafuun iyo sida balbalada guriga leh tiirar in style Korintos ah. daro noocan oo kale ah dhismaha Gothic aan la filayn ka dhigay kaniisadda this dhismaha a si buuxda u gaar ah naqshadda.

Shaqada on mashruucan muujiyeen bulshada ka mid ah laba sayid weyn ee Renaissance Talyaani ah. Leonardo da Vinci rinji badan laga galo in billadda kiniisadda muujinayay in Madonna ah. Oo aqoonsiga sharaf sokoeye ah ee soo socota si Mary Virgin kaalinta tiradaasi Lodoviko Sfortsa iyo xaaskiisa.

Muddada Roman of abuurka

Bishii September 1499, ciidamo Faransiis qabsadeen Milan, iyo Bramante u tageen inay Rome, halkaas oo Pope Julius II isaguu u doortay inuu post ee naqshada oo madax ka ah Vatican-ka.

Under jihada Donato Bramante dhisay Arcade dhowr kaniisado, waxay abuurtaa dayrka weyn Belvedere Palace Kanchelleriya diyaarinayo, ka qayb dhismaha daarta maxkamadda iyo in design ah ee Basilica St. Butros. Laakiin ugu xumaa ee uu hal-abuurka aan waa kuwan qaabab aad u weyn, iyo cibaadaysiga a Ghadafi.

Tempetto ee San Pietro in Montorio

Tani rotunda yar wareeg ah, halkaas oo la dhisay ayaa iskutallaabta lagu qodbay Apostol Petr, loo arkaa mid ka mid ah curiyay ugu fiican in loo abuuray in Italy Renaissance injineero ah.

Tempetto aad habboonaanta iyo, mid la odhan karo, waa ku haboon ka barta of view of foomka naqshadda. Nasiib darro, sababta oo ah narrowness ee barxadda sawirka keniisad Dominican cibaadaysiga ee aragtida saxda ah waa adag tahay, sidaa sawirka ma uusan quruxdiisa gudbiyo.

gudaha ee rotunda ah ayaa sidoo kale la sameeyey by mashruuca Bramante. Halkan, siin play buuxa in tayadiisa iyo naqshada iyo rinjiile.

Donato Bramante dhintay April 11, 1514 in Rome, iyo waqtiga si ay u dhamaystiraan shaqada ugu hami jiray cimrigiisii oo aan lahayn - mashruuc ee St. Peter Basilica ee. Doorka artist fiican this ee horumarinta Renaissance naqshadaha ma aha wax ka yar muhiimsan yahay dowrka Leonardo da Vinci iyo Raphael in rinjiyeynta iyo farshaxan by Michelangelo.