Don (webiga). The ugu xiisaha badan ee ku saabsan mid ka mid ah webiyada ugu sharafta leh ee Europe

Don waa mid ka mid ah biyo mareenada waaweyn koonfureed Ruush Caraabaah. Waxa uu hore u adeegi jireen iyo sii wadaan in ay u adeegaan ilaa maantadan la joogo il rajo u leh dad badan oo maskaxda ku hal abuur leh: .. Artists, gabayaaga, qorayaasha, iwm Isha of River Don ah, billaabay gobolka Tula ah. Dheeraad ah, waxaa gobays mawjadaheedu u marayo gobollada Lipetsk, Voronezh, Volgograd iyo Rostov. Lahaanshaha waddo si cadaalad dheer oo loogu fuuli jiray, River Don ku qulqula Gacanka Taganrog, isagoo intaa ku daray in biyaha ay badda Azov.

Sifooyinka ee jirka biyaha

Don - webiga waa biyo mareen ah oo dalkii dooxada ahaa caadiga ah aaga steppe ka. Oo dhererkiisu waa 1870 km, iyo meesha weysada - 422.000 kiiloomitir oo laba jibbaaran. Celceliska isticmaalka biyaha hoos jira xaalad dabiici ah - 900 mitir oo saddex jibbaaran per labaad. Toddobaatan boqolkiiba socodka dhacdaa inta lagu jiro xilliga daadka. Xayiraadda-up ee qeybaha sare ee webiga bilaabmaa November waxana uu socdaa ilaa bartamaha bisha Abriil, iyo qeybaha hoose - ka hore December ilaa dhammaadka March. Maamulkii biyaha webiga is beddello weyn oo dhismaha Haydarooliga iyo hawlaha kale ee dhaqaalaha ah ee nin casriga ah. Halkan ka taagay Nicholas, Constantine iyo Kochetovskaya, iyo sidoo kale si caddaalad ah oo waaweyn kaydka Tsimlyansk. Shipping bilaabataa at afka Pine, oo dhererkiisu waa 1600 km. In qeybaha sare ee wabigga ee Don si loogasoo biyaha Voronezh nadiif ah, wasakhaynta hoose iyo mararka qaarkood aad u wasakh ah. Iyada oo webiga haybad waddaa wadada dalxiis oo caan ah - ka Moscow si Rostov-on-Don.

Magaalooyinka iyo addoommo

In 5200 Dong socodka addoommo ka badan, kuwa ugu waaweyn isagoo Donets, Black Kalitva, Pine, Voronezh, Bityug, Bear, Ilovlya, West Manych, Hopper iyo Sal. On the bangiyada webiga been badan oo magaalooyinka iyo tuulooyinka. The ugu weyn iyaga ka mid ah - Kalach-on-Don, Rostov-na-Donu, Volgodonsk, Azov, Liski iyo kuwa kale. Maaddaama ay sare ee dadweynaha, warshadaha iyo beeraha, qaadashada biyaha webiga by hore 90-mada ay qarnigii la soo dhaafay ay ahayd in ka badan 15 km ³ / sannad, isticmaalka biyo ah - 10 kiiloomitir cubic, kuwaas oo 5.8 km ³ qaatay on baahida wax soo saarka, 2, 4 kilomitir cubic - waraabka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, by dhamaadka 90s ee sabab u ah xiisadda dhaqaale (wax soo saarka iyo burburinta beeraha hoos), isticmaalka biyaha ayaa hoos u dhacay ku dhowaad kala bar.

"Winner Bread Our, Aabbaha Don I."

Kuwanu waa erayadii of songs hore ee Don Cossacks ka, kuwaas oo u dhaqaaqay qeybaha hoose ee webiga. Taas oo kaliya epithets aan ka fadilnaa dadyowga Don ku nool xeebaha ay. Tani "xasuusta la ruxruxo," iyo "webiga waqti," iyo "source of waxyoonay" iyo "webiga xasilloon Don ', iyo kuwo kale oo badan. The salaysan fikradaha oo dhan had iyo jeer waa il biyo ah, tartanka il. Waa ma awowayaashiin kadis saaray ee asal ahaan of webiyada cibaadaysiga haybad. Sayidka yari- yar, taas oo ka bilaabanayso biyaha kasta, wuxuu noqday meel quduus ah. Taasi Novomoskovsk, halkaas oo Don ayaa asal ahaan ay 1989 ahayd halkaas tiir xusuus ah in this jirka biyaha u weyn oo ka mid ah dalka - ". Il webiga Don" ah Waa naqshad uun - labo wiil oo qaawan faras. Waxay calaamad u ah laba walaalo ah, labada webi - Don iyo Shat ka timi Ivan Lake.

Kaleidoscopeka A dadyowga

Don - webiga, siday biyuhu ay kumanaan sanadood. dadyowga kala duwan ku nool xeebaha ay, bedelo kasta oo kale, oo wuxuu ku waddaa iyo waddaa ... In taariikhda diiwaan magacyo kala duwan in la siiyey oo isaga ugu marxalad gaar ah - in Iran, iyo Tanais ah, iyo kuwo kale oo badan. In BC qarnigii saddexaad in webiga qarkiisa Don ah, oo u dhow meesha uu Rostov casri ah, u yimid degayaasha Greek, oo la aasaasay gumeysi ah. Waxa loo magacaabay by magaca jirka biyaha - Tanais. Sida laga soo xigtay dadka Gariigta ah, Webiga kala qaybsan Europe iyo Asia. Dabcan, muhiim ma aha in in aad ka doodid view this, maxaa yeelay, xataa qarnigii siddeed iyo tobnaad u maleeyay in saynisyahano badan oo Ruush. Oo xataa weyn Lomonosov M. V. in uu shaqada "On lakabyada dhulka," ayuu qoray in Urals waa in aan la arkaa in ay tahay xuduudda u dhexeeya Asia iyo Europe, Caucasus gobolka sababtoo ah Don - waa mid dhab ah gebi ahaanba kala duwan. Markaasaa maanta, inkastoo madmadowga u muuqata in arrintan, ma, ma, haa iyo "ka baxdo" view this. Sidaas version la Caucasus ayaa weli ma galay qorna taariikhda.

Inta lagu jiro gacanta Millennium AD koowaad ee gobolka ugu horeeyay ee iska lahaa Huns ah, ka dibna waxay la bedelay Khazars ah. Qarnigii sagaalaad, ee aagga of kaydka casriga Tsimlyansk la dhisay Sarkel qalcaddayda. Waxay difaacay soohdimaha galbeed ee Khanate Khazar ah ilaa 1117. Time naxariis darro ah ku kici Shuushan this qadiimiga, bilowgii qarnigii la soo dhaafay, raadad ay si dhib kala sooci kari waayay (biyaha hadda meelahaas waxaa daadadku of kaydka Tsimlyansk ah).

XIII - qarnigii XVI

In qarnigii saddex iyo tobnaad, Don (webiga) ka badbaaday dagaaladii of Horde Golden ah, taas oo wada baabbi'isay degsiimooyinka reer guuraaga ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xitaa a boqol oo sano ka dib ayaa mar kale bilaabay in ay ganacsiga soo cusboonaaday. taxanaha oo dhan maraakiibta ayaa keentay in ay magaalada Tana, waqtiga gumeysi Genoese (maanta Azov) - waxay ahayd xarun ah, Adoonkana addoon. In muddo ah ka soo tobnaadna wuxuu u soo qarnigii lix, in qeybaha hoose ee Cossacks Don waxay bilaabayaan inay soo baxaan. Sidaas daraaddeed, in 1570 waxaa heshay meesha ugu horeysa ee ka mid ah hay'adaha kale ee la midka ah - si of Seniority. Muddo waxaa uu noqday kan ugu badan ee dhammaan ciidamada Cossack jira. daredevils Don ahaayeen fiican u habaysan oo waxay ahaayeen ciidan arrin khatar ah in ciidamada lagu xisaabtami karo. Sidaas darteed, waxay noqdeen madax xanuun joogto ah Romanovs ah, waxaa deegaankan kacay ruux ay ahayd fallaagonimada, xoriyada iyo dareen korordhaysa caddaaladda.

qarnigii XVIII XVII-

Iyada oo 1670 on 1671 sano, Don (webiga) waxaa la kulma fallaago ah Cossack kiciyey by Stepanom Razinym. kacdoonkii Tani waxa ay ahayd run ahaantii "doqon iyo arxan", oo ay la socdaan boobka iyo rabshadaha. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ka dib markii fulinta Razin on Bolotnaya Square ee Moscow, Don weli ma ay nabadda ee maskaxda laga helay. Just lix sano ka dib markii dhacdooyinkan, waxaa qarxay caasinimo cusub hogaaminayo Kondratiem Bulavinym. Waxaa la huriyay search firfircoon for serfs orday. Ka dib markii xakamaynta of fallaago reer Cossacks Don lahaa qayb ka mid ah dhulka laga badiyay, Cossacks qaar ka mid ah dib u dejin u Kuban, Danube, iyo kuwo kale - in Romania iyo Turkey. Serfs ayaa ku soo laabtay milkiilayaasha ay.

qarnigii labaatanaad

In times Soofiyeeti, webiga ahaa mid ka mid ah biyaha ugu weyn ee hoos dhismaha. xooggaaga weynu helay Donbass - gobol ku yaalla bangiyada of Donets Seversky webiga - addoon midig ee Don ah. Intaa waxaa dheer in ay horey halkan jira tan iyo miinooyinka dhuxusha qarnigii sagaal goor dambe la dhisay injineernimada iyo dhirta qodniinka-, cuntada iyo warshadaha iftiinka, dhirta kiimikada. dhismaha Tsimlyansk saldhiga korontada A iyo hooyadood oo bilaabay in 1948.

Description muuqaalada navigable webiga haybad

Don Shipping bilaabantaa Voronezh iyo badda Azov. Oo webiga waxaa ka daalin shaqada. biyo mareen Tani waa mid ka mid ah ugu weyn ee qaybta Yurub ee dalka, ka dib markii kooxda sida Volga iyo Urals ah. Waayo, Don loo qaybin karaa saddex qaybood: sare, dhexe iyo hoose. Sidaas darteed, qaybta hore oo ku faafa isha afkeedii, oo soo qulqulaya ee Pine Deggan. in magaalada Kalach-on-Don Next waa celcelis ahaan. Ugu dambeyntii, qeybta la soo dhaafay waxa uu ku yaalaa inta u dhaxaysa kaydka Tsimlyansk iyo Taganrog Baay. Guud ahaan, webiga this ay adag tahay in maraan, sababtoo ah waa arrin jidka qalloocan, siday u kala horreeyaan, iyo dib u eegis ma u san yahay. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaa jira meelo gacmeed. Oo skippers Don Hoose waxay leeyihiin si ay u sameeyaan a qalloocinaya aad u xariif ah, alaabta iyo digniin gees - tani ma aha oo dhan, mid ka mid dhaqaaqo qaldan giraangirta, waxaana laga yaabaa in aad la kulanto kacay sababta oo ah markabka jeestay. Taasi River Don ah. Rostov-on-Don siinayaa asaasmeen aagga Delta ee 340 kiiloomitir laba jibbaaran. riverbed wuxuu u qaybsan yahay channels badan iyo gacmo, kuwaas oo loo gudbiyo ee maxaliga ah - ee girla iyo Erik, iyaga ugu dhex - Calancea, Musuq-maasuq iyo ku dhintay Donets. Xilliga jiilaalka webiga waxaa daboolay daaha qaro oo baraf ah, celcelis ahaan la xanibay-up socon karaa saddex bilood iyo badh. Inta lagu jiro heerka biyaha daadka si weyn u soo baxdo, inkastoo qaybta ugu xeebta waa yacday, laakiin sidoo kale waxaa jira meelo yar jiifa. Sidaas daadad guga on Don ah - arrin caadi ah.

taariikhda channel

Fikradda in la isu geeyo labada biyaha channel awood (Volga iyo Don ah), oo sidaas daraaddeed, ee Azov iyo Badda Caspian ah, ayaa booqday Turkish Sultan Selim II, kaasoo ku socday qarnigii lix in jaaket. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, si ay u ogaadaan, wuuna kari waayay. Ka dib markii qorshahan Peter dab qabsaday, laakiin Northern War Great isaga ka fikradda wareeri. Later (ilaa 1917), injineerada Ruush u diyaariyey in ka badan soddon channels mashaariicda dhismaha, si kastaba ha ahaatee, qorshayaasha kuwaas oo sidoo kale ma run sababo badan. Oo wakhtigii Midowga Soofiyeeti, mashruuca waxaa la hirgeliyey. In 1952, in waqti rikoor (afar sano), dhismaha a navigable Volga-Don Canal ayaa lagu soo gabagabeeyey. Waxaa la dhisay on site ee Volgograd si Kalach-on-Don, markan webiga isugu masaafada ugu yar - 80 km. None of dhismeedka Haydarooliga dunida ee magnitude this aan la abuuray sida waqti gaaban. Sidaas darteed, Guddiga channel oo ka mid ah Volga iyo Don helay inay helaan shan badaha: Badda ee Azov, Baltic, White, Caspian iyo Black. Isla dhismaha ee biyaha waxaa la dhisay Tsimlyansk kaydka la saldhiga korontada.

Fish River Don

Magac, webiga this waxaa laga helaa in ka badan toddobaatan noocyada kalluunka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in labaatankii sano ee la soo dhaafay iyadoo ay sabab u ah inay sii xumaanayso weyn ee deegaanka ee gobolka (qubashada saliida, qashinka, faafinta xoogan ee algae buluug-cagaaran), qaar badan oo iyaga ka mid ah guurtay category ee aad dhif u ah. sturgeon Tani, sturgeon, Beluga. Intaa waxaa dheer, ka-gacmeed oo khafiif soo baxay dadka of catfish. Tusaale ahaan, iyo labaatan sano ka hor ayaan waxaan u imid guud ahaan xaaladaha halkaas oo miisaankiisuna wuxuu ahaa 10 kg. Haddaba qaadi catfish ah oo miisaankeedu yahay 2-3 kg - taasi waa guul weyn. Inta badan waxaad ka heli kartaa Pike, kalluun, bream, Rudd, quus, burbot, oatmeal. Halkan waa kalluumaysiga ah! River Don waa ugu qanisan kalluunka ee qeybaha hoose, laakiin wasakhda waa mid aad u weyn.