Digaagga nooc bilefelder: Tilmaamo iyo talooyin taranta

Digaagga nooc bilefelder ayaa noqday breeder caanka G. Rott in 70-mada ay qarnigii XX. Mid gaar ah nooc aqoonsaday 1980, ee 1983-84. waxaa jira noocyo cilin. Magaca "bilefelder" shimbiraha waxay heleen sharaf magaalada ee West Germany, halkaas oo sheekada oo dhan bilaabay.

Features sirdoonka

Shimbiraha Kuwani maalin ka dib markii xoolaad,, kala saari karaa oo dhadig iyo lab ah. A faa'iido aad u weyn iyo kharash-ool ah kooxda martida loo yahay, halka aan u gaar ah. Digaagga Nuur midabka brown, la "eyeliner" agagaarka indhaha iyo karbaashyo on hoosba, kuwii lab - a dhalaalaya, caddaan midab huruud ah.

The feature labaad soocayaa waxa weeye bilefelderov midabka - midabaynta dhif ah, ee loo yaqaan "krill" xariijimaha madow ama lacag madow iyo dahabka-xariijimo.

magaca rasmiga ah ee "bilefelder" waxaa dhagaxa December 30, 1978 abaalmariyey, iyo soo bandhigidda ka dhacay tan iyo horaantii - 1976.

Astaamaha digaag iyo tubadaha

Roosters caadiga ah waa in uu leeyahay qoorta ballaaran oo dib sare, iyo garbaha - color kukushechnogo. Laab - hannaankii aboodiga huruud ah ama ka guduudan yahay, lugaha huruud iyo baalashooda cawl madow kukushechnye ama size dhexdhexaad ah.

Digaag waa labis more midabka badan roosters, feedho dahabka-daxalaystay iyo hannaanka aboodiga on xaaladaha dhabarka iyo garabka. baadad The badhidii Dhadig waa arrin mugdi ah, halka lab ay hogaanka cawl-kukushechnye la jaamaha huruud ah meesha ugu hooseysa.

Bilefeldery - hilibka digaagga waaweyn culus iyo jihada ukun la naaska dheer dib si toos ah iyo convex. Waxay leeyihiin jirka ah elongated iyo goday sheet-sida on madaxa ah, complete leh iyo hilqado, iyo casaan usoojeedi. Ragga qaangaarka ah ka qaadan kartaa ilaa 4.5 kg, dheddigga - 3.9 kg.

Digaagga nooc bilefelder adkaysi u qabow, sidaas oo ay ku noolaan karaan in nabad cimilada Ruush.

Ujeedada doorashada

G. Rott doonayay wuu soo shimbirta, ma hoos gasho cudurka, hilib macaan, awoodaa inuu ku siiyo wax badan oo ukun, laakiin waxaa la degdeg ah u koraya iyo adkaysi u dhaxan. Digaagga lahaa in ay is dejiyaan oo bulsho ah, iyo ukuntooda - size waaweyn, qaabka caadiga ah iyo midabka.

All in uu gaarey in digaagga bilefelder. In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in tani ay tahay mid ka mid ah newest Jarmal eyda, waxay si dhakhso ah u noqday caan ah oo ka mid ah breeders iyo faafinta dhan Germany.

Waxaa jira wax badan oo ka mid ah hadda. In dalalka kale, sida England iyo Netherlands, iyagoo aan ahayn wax caadi ah oo aan tiro badan, sida, ma ay joogaan gaar ah - waxaa jira dhagaxyada kale autoseksnye, iyo wax badan oo kala duwan oo ka mid ah digaaga la tartami karin bilefelderami wax soo saarka iyo tayada hilibka.

tayada ukun-dejineysa

Shimbiraha jiifay 180-200 ukunta sannadkii, brown midabka, halka tirada ukun weyn oo ku filan iyo culeyskiisu yahay 65 garaam. Sida laga soo xigtay tilmaamahan, iyagu waa u dhigma la Wyandotte, sirdoonka kale oo American, in kastoo, oo ma gaadhi karto heerka wax kala bixiya, kuwaas oo ay eyda ukunta gaarka ah sida cad Leghorn.

Rush bilaabay at 5.5 - 6 bilood, iyo, la quudinta habboon iyo guryaha, in sidaas la sameeyo sanadka oo dhan sii. wax soo saarka ugu badan - 12 bilood ee ugu horreeya noloshooda, ka dibna waxaa xoogaa hoos u dhacay (laakiin tani waa muuqaal caadi ah shimbiraha badan).

xaaladaha xabsiyada

Dadka waaweyn nooc digaagga bilefelder aad u deji oo si nabad ah xitaa u dhow Feeders si aad u baahan tahay si loo hubiyo in ay cabbayso. Cuntada waxaa ka mid ah chicks u baahan badan oo protein iyo calcium (marka la eego waxyaabaha kalluunka ku haboon hilibka, hadhuudhka, waxyaabaha caanaha laga sameeyo, ama haddii kale, u diyaar ah in ay ku quudiyaan sida PC-5).

dhaqanka A caadi ah in la siiyo cuntada eyga qallalnaa digaagga at da'da 1.5-5 bilood, ay ku buuxin karaan qadarka loo baahan yahay oo ah macdanta.

guriga digaagga

Shimbiraha baahan wanaagsan ah, tayo sare leh dhisay Coop digaag la perches, qabyo-free, doorbidan ningax kaamerada (jiilaalka khafiif ah samayn karaa iyada oo aan kululaynta). Ma heerarka double iyo xaafuun ee perches waa in aanay noqon - digaag culus, iyo, isku dayayaan in ay fuulayaan sare, waxay la riixay doonaa oo dhici aan micne lahayn. Intaa waxaa dheer, waa in ay noqon hoy waasac ama beerta / beerta khudradda.

Kura ama ukunta?

Haddii ay jirto hagitaanada ah iyo waayo-aragnimo in digaagga taranta, waxaad ka iibsan kartaa "badalkooda" ee foomka of ukunta. geynaynaa sidan waa fududdahay (oo inta badan beeralay xanaano yihiin boqollaal kiilomitir oo ka fog midba midka kale).

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, haddii ay waayo-aragnimo (ama kalsooni) No, si fiican si ay u iibsadaan tijaabooyinka hore u koray. Iyadoo chicks yar yihiin, ay aqoon badan oo dheeraad ah iyo daryeelka, qalad halis ah oo leh heerkulka ama cunto u baahan waxkasta laga yaabaa in xanuun ama dhimasho ee Shimbiraha. Isla mar ahaantaana, digaagga dhallinyarada da'da dhowr bilood ka hore u xad madax-bannaan, waxay tahay caadooyinka cunidda hardier iyo finicky yar.

Tilmaamaha content

On 12 dheddigga ee noocyada this waa wax ku filan oo ah mid ka mid diiqii. Iyada oo 5.5 bilood xusid mudan in xubin dhigan karo oo kala duwan ilaa iyo digaagga bilaabaan saareen. Waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in ay bixiyaan si ay cunto fiiro: Inkasta oo ugu muhiimsan qadar ku filan oo calcium iyo protein inta lagu guda jiro koritaanka, digaagga dadka waaweyn, sidoo kale, waa in la siiyo fitamiin iyo macdan.

Si digaagga siiyey ukunta, iyo xilliga qaboobaha, waa daylength oo muhiim ah: aad u gaaban, ma waxay u guuxi doonaan. jadwalka fiican ma aha - qof waxay abuurtaa waqti "iftiin" maalinta ka 6 am, qof ka socda 7-8 subaxnimo ilaa 22 pm.

Digaagga si fiican u dhawray shimbiraha kale oo kala duwan. Chicken feed ma bixiso lagama maarmaan ah oo dhan, si labada kids iyo digaagga u korsan waa la jecel yahay in ay dar ku jiis cuntada, kalluun ama kaxeynayo gaarka ah ee fitamiin iyo macdan.

Waxa kale oo suuragal ah iyo lagama maarmaan in la siiyo xididdo, kaabajka, bocorka, hilibka iyo lafta iyo kalluunka hadhuudhka, iyo sarreen, miro, hadhuudh, digir, iyo faalooyinka. Miro - saarka-calorie sare aad ah, Oo weliba, waxa ay hodan ku carbohydrates, fitamiino, iyo xubno badan oo ka mid ah miiska wareegsan yahay. miro Mid ka mid ah feed, sida digaaga qaar ka mid ah, sidoo kale waa suurto gal, laakiin waxaa lagama maarmaan ah? Macquul ah in aad ku darto in ay feed si shimbiraha ee xilliga qaboobaha-guga, in cabirku yahay 30-50% wadarta tirada cuntada.

si ay u sii Shimbiraha zazhireli (maxaa yeelay, iyagu ka xun guuxa jira), waa la jecel yahay in la xaddido lacagta oo cunto ah, laakiinse waxaa jira khatar ah ee underfeeding. Gaar ahaan xun qaboobaha this - haddii cunto yar yahay, ugu horeysay digaag dadka waaweyn naedyatsya iyo da'da yar joogi karaan bar-gaajo. Dhinaca kale, haddii milkiilaha isticmaalaa iftiiminta dheeraad ah xilliga jiilaalka, digaagga ay sii wadi inuu u marag hana ku ururto baruurta.

Dadka waaweyn quudiyo digaagga ku filan hal jeer ama laba jeer maalintii. Iyo, haddii ay tahay xagaaga, waxaa suurtagal ah u daadinno, hadhuudhkii shubtay berkeddii, iyo cuntada la kariyey in la siiyo jeer oo keliya laba ama saddex todobaad ah.

ka horreeyay nooc

eyda digaagga bilefelder dhex dhigtay awowayaashood, kuwaasoo amroks shimbiraha, New Hampshire, raspberries, Rhode Island iyo velzummer leeyihiin. Ee la soo dhaafay - mid ka mid ah noocyada ugu caansan ee doorashada Dutch, guuxa sanadka oo dhan iyo Wax siinta ukunta weyn oo miisaankeedu yahay 70-80 g saaray in tobanka sano ee hore ee qarnigii XX ah. Waxay leeyihiin go'an of tayo aad u wanaagsan - Hardy velzummery, maturity, sidoo doondoono cuntada inta ku dul socda, waxay leeyihiin dabeecad is dajiyaan.

Nooc amroks, bilefelderov kale awoowe, u muuqday in Germany ee 70-mada ay qarnigii XIX ee ku saleysan xariijimaha sirdoonka Taribo Rock doorashada. shimbir Tani hurdaysiin, autoseksnye sidoo kale awood u soo saara ilaa 200 ukunta sano ah. Waxay weyn oo ku filan yihiin - tubadaha gaaraan miisaanka a of 4 kg, digaag - 2.5 kg.

Sirdoonka digaagga raspberries in Russia waa arrin naadir ah, waa nooc ka mid ah shimbir, rijeynaya by German breeder. Waxa ay asal ahaan waa adag iyo tagaa dib ugu qarnigii XIX ah. "Digaagga Mehelenskie" (waa magac kale oo idaad) waa hilib aad u dhadhan fiican, taas oo caddayn ugu fiican - xaqiiqada ah in saxan weyn ee qaranka ee Mechelen (meesha ay ka yimaadeen) waxaa si gaar ah naaska shimbirtii this la kariyey.

NH

Shimbiraha Kuwani for hilib iyo jihada ukunta waa awoowayaasha iyo "walaalo" bilefelderov labadaba, tan iyo markii ay, sidoo kale, ayaa noqday la dhagaxyada Rhode Island. Digaagga of this nooc si fiican horumaray dareen Mudadda, wanaagsan ukun-soo-saarka (200-220 halbeeg sano ah oo miisaankiisu yahay 65 ilaa 70 garaam), iyo, weliba, iyagu waa arrin weyn oo - ilaa 4.5 kiiloogaraam oo lab ah iyo 3.5 for digaag.

Digaag New Hampshire aan qabyo ahayn in xaaladda cuntada iyo nolol, maanta waxay inta badan loo isticmaalaa in industry digaaga iyo qoysaska gaarka loo leeyahay. In Russia waxaa jira dadka ku filan badan oo shimbiraha - in ka badan 200 kun oo nuqul ..

RI

Digaagga nooc Rhode Island Red ayaa sidoo kale hilibka iyo ukunta, waxaana la rijeynaya in Mareykanka qarnigii XIX ah by gudbaya Leghorn, Wyandotte, Cornish, Cochin Shiinaha iyo casaan Malayan.

Sidaas darteed, waxaan aad u hesho a digaagga culus fiican hilib macaan, siinta 160-170 ukunta halkii sanno.

tartamayaal sirdoonka bilefelderov

In Federation Ruush iyo USSR hore oo dhan ay jiraan eyda oo kale oo ka dhigi kara bilefelderam ah tartan adag.

Waxaa ka mid ah hilibka iyo ukunta waa, tusaale ahaan, sida Leningrad cad - aad u soo saar leh, ma aha oo kaliya ka mid ah qoyska, laakiin sidoo kale marka la barbardhigo dhammaan eyda guud ahaan. By digaagga digaaga Institute Leningrad gaari ay eyda ukunta index khaas ah - hen ogol yahay in ay 240 sanadkii (miisaanka - 60-62 grams), tayada wanaagsan iyo tirada hilibka.

derivation ee Shimbiraha kuwaas by shubo soo noqnoqda - sida deeq-bixiyeyaasha ayaa loo doortay avstralopy oo dhiiggooda loo soo daray shaqeeyo cad Leghorn.

Waxa kale oo ay eyda gudaha wanaagsan - cad Moscow, All-Midowga Institute digaagga la rijeynaya. Ma aha mid aad u caadi ah - waxaa la rijeynaya in inta badan ee stage ururinta iyo beeraha reerka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Shimbiraha oo kor u siiyo 180 oo ukun ah (oo miisaankeedu yahay 55 garaam) iyo hilib xad dhadhan. Mid ka mid ah digaag u koraa si kg miisaanka 2.4, diiqii - 3.1 kg celcelis ahaan.

Kuchinki

hilibka iyo ukunta Domestic eyda, la rijeynaya in State Digaag Plant "Kuchinsky" ee qeybtii labaad ee qarnigii XX ahaa mid aad u sarreeya, waayo, wax soo saarka this ukunta tilmaamayaasha jihada. guuradii Kuchinskaya sida bilefelder ka mid ah awoowayaasha Rhode Island leeyahay, iyo sidoo kale autoseksnaya - digaagga bar la go'aamin karaa si sax ah 85-98%.

digaagga waxaa inta badan la rijeynaya in la gowracay - Hilibkeedu dhadhan fiican, iyo bilaha laba iyo badh cockerels hore u miisaamaan 1.6-1.7 kg, digaagga ah - 1.3-1.5 kg.

Isla mar ahaantaana digaag saareen saaro 16-200 ukunta halkii sanno.

Kuchinskaya digaag yubilii aan qabyo ahayn, islana ku jira gacanta si deg deg ah, oo baadad. Miisaanka sidaas gaaro 3.0 kg dumarka iyo 3.7 kg - oo lab ah.

Kuchinok dadka waaweyn content waa ma aad u adag, sida ciidamada caadiga ah baadiyaha ama magaalada degan - in khafiif ah xilliga qaboobaha, waxay qasac live in a alwaax Hoosada, haddii ay tahay u xiran yihiin ka qabyada ah oo halkaas waa ku filan oo kale caws buu si loo aaso waxaa.

In la eego xogta shimbir u dhow mid ka mid ah kuwa ugu caansan ee Russia yihiin oo waxaa inta badan laga helo qoysaska gaarka loo leeyahay nooc cad Ruush. Waxa kale oo laga soo saarey Leghorn, roosters kaliya la rijeynaya noocyada la digaagga purebred caadiga ah.

Natiijada kaas oo la ansixiyey 1953 (iyo shuqulkii taranta bilaabay 1929), ayaa dhaafay oo dhan laga filayo, cunto aan qabyo ahayn iyo haad xoog ah oo miisaankeedu yahay 1.6-1.8 kg dumarka iyo 2-2.5 kg oo lab ah, awood u soo saara celcelis ahaan 200-230 ukunta sano ah, iyo mararka qaarkood - ilaa 300 ukunta sano ah. Isla mar ahaantaana, kuwaas shimbiraha yar yar yihiin adkaysi u qabow, leukemias, neoplasms, carcinomas, iyo cudurka Marek ee aad iyo aad u soo baxday.

sarreysey ee ay caanka ah ee idaad White Ruush yimid 1965, si kastaba ha ahaatee, sababta oo ah waxay weli liita in ay "awowayaashiis" Leghorn yihiin, by 1990 tirada dadka la 29.7 million. Madaxda hoos 3.2 million.