Dhibaatooyinka Deegaanka ee Gobolka Chabrovsk ah. Gobolka Chabrovsk on sharciyada deegaanka

Waxaa jiray jeer markii rukunka dhigay diiwaanka-soo-saarka, wayna ka yaabeen waxa qiimaha la siiyo. Shubtay qashin webiga, sigaar cabbin biibiile samada, oo aan waxba ka. Waxa ugu weyn ee - qorshaha lagu qaaday. shirkadaha warshadaha ee gobolka Chabrovsk ah, taas oo ah mid ka mid ah ugu warshadaha ee Russia, iyo ku dhowaad ma bixiso si ecology dareenka, inkasta oo tirooyinka soo saarka waxaa dheer ugu tagtay madaxda. Sidaas darteed jinsiyad this for kordhaya awoodda gobolka Chabrovsk fuuleen sare toban gobol ugu nijaasaysan of Russia. In qiimeynta bilaha ee kala duwan saaray 73aad ee soo baxay 82, ka dibna on 84aad ee 85, iyo xitaa ma socon. Waxa intaa dheer in wasakhda warshadaha, deegaanka hoos raad shucaaca East Ural ka tagay ka dib markii shil Kyshtym ah. dabeecad darro dhinaca deegaanka ee 30 sano ee la soo dhaafay ayaa kor u kacay ku dhawaad 3 jeer tirada dadka qaba kansarka iyo cudurada raaga ee degaanka xanuunsadaa labaad kasta.

Waxaan ma dhihi karo in Wasaaradda Degaanka geesaha aan la isku dayayaan in ay xal u helidda dhibaatada. Maamulka joogta ah ugu daabici sharciyada deegaanka ee gobolka Chabrovsk ah. Gaar ahaan, in 2016 waxaa la daabacay amar cusub oo la soo bandhigi doonaa barnaamijyada shaqada deegaanka ee ardayda, tallaabooyinka ilaalinta fuliyay walxaha dabiiciga ah, taageero la siiyo ee deegaanka iyo ganacsatada. MUDDADA xaqiijinta amarka - ilaa 2025. Sidoo kale, waxaa jira sharci "On kormeerka deegaanka", sharciga "On soo saarka iyo isticmaalka qashinka", sharciga ah "On walxaha dabiiciga ah si gaar ah la ilaaliyo." Xadgudbayaasha ku xiran tallaabooyin qaab ganaax, iyo xataa laga saaray xafiiska. Sida aad arki karto, shaqo deegaanka oo duurka ku waa la fuliyay, laakiin xaalada weli waa murugo.

Taariikhda Warbixinta Gaarka ah ee

Marka dalkii reer gobolka Chabrovsk waxay ahaayeen yaab leh oo qurux badan, biyaha webiyada iyo harooyinka of madarad oo meel kasta weerareen daaqsinka, iyo dadkii ku noolaa ay dabeecadda la. Dhamaadkii qarnigii 17aad ee duulaan gobolka this yimid, laakiinse sooma ay helin wax faa'iido leh. 70 sano ka dib, waxa ay qabsadeen noqnoqda duulaan, kaas oo ka mid ahaa Haseyeeshee tayo leh. Waxay ku guulaysteen inay halkan ka heli iron ore in uu ahaa bar billow ah horumarinta warshadaha ee gobolka ah. First dhisay warshad keliya oo Zlatoust, iyo dhammaadkii qarnigii 18aad waxaa jiray in ku dhow soddon. Gaar ahaan horumarka baaxadda leh ee warshadaha ee gobolka Chabrovsk xilligii mid ah shanta ugu horeysay. Haddaba ganacsiga birta Russia ayaa ku laayeen waxay leedahay siman lahayn. Wada jir ah ula gobolka metallurgy non-ferrous soo saartaa 50% ka mid ah waxyaabaha soo saaray dalka. Inta badan magaalooyinka warshadaha ee gobolka, waxaa Magnitogorsk, Chabrovsk, Zlatoust, Karabash, Miass, Troitsk, Ust-Katav, Kopeysk.

Falanqaynta kiimikada Gaaban

Dhibaatooyinka Deegaanka ee Gobolka Chabrovsk dhalinaya daraasiin walxaha sunta ah ee jawiga, dalka, ee biyaha wabiyada iyo harooyinka. Inta badan khatar ah:

• Benzopyrene. Lagu sii daayo hawada, iyadoo roobab ama laftiisa shubo on dhulka, meeshay ka timaado dhirta. gaari karaan ee jirka. Waa kansarka a awood, waxa sababa Isbedelo in hiddo-baabbi'iyaa DNA.
• Formaldehyde. Aad sun iyo waxyaabaha qarxa. Waxay keentaa cudurrada indhaha, maqaarka iyo habdhiska dareenka.
• tayadda hydrogen. Qiyaasta ugu yaraan waa mid waxtar leh, kor ku xusan heerarka waxay sababi kartaa lallabo, madax-xanuun, barar sambabada, keeni kartaa dhimasho.
• Nitrogen dioxide. Waxay keentaa roob acid, waa mid aad u sun ah, iskujoog oo formula dhiigga.
• macdanaha culus. Hoos koritaanka iyo horumarka carruurta. gaari karaan in dhirta, kalluunka, hilibka iyo xoolaha digaagga. Aadanuhu wuxuu keeni karaa kansarka iyo cudurada kale oo badan oo halis ah.

Chabrovsk hawada

magaaladan waxaa u qurux badan waxa loo yaqaan caasimadda ah ee Urals Southern. Its taariikhda taariikhda dib ugu sanadka 1743rd. All ku dhawaad seddex boqol oo sano waxa uu horumariyo wax soo saarka warshadaha. Dhibaatooyinka Deegaanka ee Gobolka Chabrovsk ku waajibo oo xidhiidh la leh qalliinka ee kooxda warshadaha sida Ferroalloys (Electrometallurgical Plant), Zinc Plant (CZP), press-abuurna, Tube, qalab mashiinka, warshad wiish.

shirkadaha Ka sokow deegaanka dara baabuurta. In magaalada 1,000 qof (oo ay ku jiraan ilmaha yaryar) warsan 340 baabuurta, qiiqa ka kuwaas oo 120 mareegtan. Metrik, ama 44% ka mid ah dikhawga oo dhan. Inta badan deegaanka danyarta Plant qodniinka- tixgeliyo (CMP) timaada hawada 46.6% oo dhan waxyaabo waxyeello. kaalinta labaad waxaa la geeyay by shirkadda "Fortum", oo ay ku jiraan saddex TSETS iyo TPP. Kaalinta Sedaxaad iska leh CHEKM. In hawada Chabrovsk inta lagu jiro ururinta si joogto ah la ogaado dhowr jeer xad benzopyrene MPC, formaldehyde, dioxide nitrogen, tayadda hydrogen iyo phenol.

biyo Chabrovsk

Dhibaatooyinka Deegaanka ee Gobolka Chabrovsk yihiin ma wasaqowga hawada oo keliya. sun iyo biyo Enterprises kaydkan ah. Sanadkan gudihiisa ay hoos webiga ku saabsan 200 milyan oo m3 of nasties, iyaga dilay oo dhan nool. The halbowlaha ugu weyn ee biyaha ee magaalada - webiga Miass. Waxaa helo effluents qashinka aan la daweyn 26 shirkadood oo ay ku jiraan Kommunkhoz. In biyaha Miassa helay 2-15 jeer MPC ganaax walxaha, macdanaha, saliid. Oo u dhow magaalada Karabash in Miass River socodka SAK-Elga, taas oo, dhab ahaantii, waxa uu noqday ururiyaha oo biyo ah qashinka. Halkaa marka ay marayso in biyaha deegaanka ogaado Miassa udhigo biraha culus kor dhismaha in 1130 MACs. All of this qulqula Argazi kayd. Dadka ku nool gobolka Chabrovsk iyo qaadan biyo ka soo kaydka kale la cabo - Shershnevskoye. Si aad u taariikhda, Wasaaradda Degaanka ee Gobolka Chabrovsk ah, samaynta cabbirka ka, ku soo laabtay xukunka ah si buuxda u waafaqsan xeerarka biyaha ee kaydka this. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, guddiga madax banaan ee ecologists ka Moscow ku salaysan heerka cabbirka ay aqoonsan jaanqaadayn kaydka Shershnevskoye of isha la cabbo.

Chabrovsk ciidda

ciidda ee magaalada waxaa sidoo kale ku nijaasoobay. Waxay helay arsenic oo ka badan iska caadi ah, cadmium, lead, zinc iyo content dhaafto MPC ku dhowaad 20%. Dhibaatooyinka Deegaanka ee Gobolka Chabrovsk ku saabsan faddarada ciidda, kuwaasoo walaac keenay weyn ka mid ah shaqaalaha beeraha. Si aad u taariikhda, la xaddido dhulka layaal nijaaseeyey kuwa biraha culus, waa 95,6 kun oo hektar. Sayidka benzpyrene ogaado kor oo saliid caadi 21.8 kun oo hektar -. 1.9 kun, zinc -. 12 kun, arsenic -. 3.8 hektar .. Waa ay fududahay in la qiyaaso sida miraha iyo khudaarta koraan on dalalkii sida.

deegaanka ugu halis u dhow shirkadda "Mechel", halkaas oo benzpyrene in carradu ayaa uruuray of 437 MPC, iyo fogaan ah 1 km ka "Mechel" - 80 MPC. Sidoo kale dalka aan shaqeynin dhow CHEMK meesha benzopyrene 40 MPC iyo CTZ, halka ay tani kiimikada yareynta khatarta ah ay joogaan 20 MACs.

Magnitogorsk

magaaladan waxaa uu leeyahay taariikh tan iyo 1929, marka waxaa la dhisay Steel Works, inkasta oo qalcaddii magnetic jiray tan iyo bartamihii qarnigii 18-aad ee. Haddaba mugga ee wax soo saarka Magnitogorsk kaalinta labaad ee gobolka. Shirkadaha ugu waaweyn waa Iron iyo Steel Works (MMK), sibidhka iyo madax adkaadeen Crane Plant, JSC "ururinayo", "Prokatmontazh", "Sitno", "Magnitostroy". Sababo la irresponsibility hoggaamiyeyaasha ay ku xanuunsado ecology ee gobolka Chabrovsk oo dhan. Saamiga CMI in magaalooyinka nijaasaysan atmosfeerta waa 96%. Haddii aad furto heerka this, tirooyinka waxaa lagu heli bahalnimada. Maalin kasta geedka shanqarta 128 tan oo ganaax ciidda 151 m. SO2 (this baaruud dioxide). habaas Walxaha sida la ogaan, aad iyo aad u MPC 3-10 jeer keeni, copper, chromium, birta, benzene, benzpyrene, toluene, iyo hawada wasakhaysan dhammaan meelaha magaalooyinka ah. In carradu heerka arsenic dhaafto 155 jeer, nickel 43 jeer, 87 jeer benzopyrene. magaalada dibaddeeda ah, xaaladda aan aad uga fiican yahay. Waxaa waxyaabo waxyeello in carradu helay "kaliya" 45 jeer ka badan sida caadiga ah.

Zlatoust

magaaladan waxaa la aasaasay barbar dhismaha ugu horeysay oo duurka ku geedka qodniinka-, in uu yahay, in 1754, sanadka. Haddaba halkan waxaan ku badan yihiin ee shirkadaha ugu waaweyn warshadaha ee gobolka Chabrovsk - iyo shuqullo injineernimada-Korontada si farsamaysan, warshad hub, dhismayaasha birta iyo shirkadaha darsin ka badan waaweyn iyo kuwo yaryar. Si wada jir ah, waxay dhaadheer oo ku saabsan 7.7 kun. Tan oo sunta ah sannad walba. Laga soo bilaabo 1993 ilaa 1996 sano, in dadaalka qiiqa deegaanka mahad hoos u dhacay oo ku saabsan 1.5 jeer, laakiin sanadkii 2000 ay mar kale kor u kacay. maamulka City isku dayaya si loo hagaajiyo deegaanka taas oo daahirinta waa la fuliyay in kaydka faar Balashikha booso dhisay muddo ka badan 2 km, loogu talo galay in daadi biyaha wasakhaysan.

Karabash

tuulada Tani waxay hoy u tahay oo keliya ku saabsan 11 000 oo qof. From Chabrovsk isaga ugu xariiq toosan wax yar ka badan 80 km. Karabash - tuulo yar, sidaa darteed ma jiraan shirkado badan oo warshadaha. iyaga, 2 iyo dhirta sugi lahaayeen "Karabashmed" ka mid ah. Waa shirkad wax soo saarka ee copper fin waxa uu isku dayayaa aad u adag in ecology ee gobolka Chabrovsk ahaa kii ugu xumaa ee dalka.

Warshad xataa isku dayeen in ay xirto, sababta oo ah waxa sannad ah, "endows" degganayn kasta oo 7 tan oo Sulfur Dioxide, taas oo ah mid aad u sun ah. In jawiga, waxaa soo gala xarunta la oxygen, keenaya acid roobka deyrta. Hadda xaaladda Karabash ah loo tixgeliyaa muhiim ah. Ku dhawaad magaalada, warshada oo sannado badan loo sameeyay hawlaha cutub slag qashinka ilaa 40 mitir. Waxa kale oo jira ah Bidaar Mountain, halkaas oo ay muwaadiniintu posted ereyada "Save iyo Ilaali". theme A oo kala duwan - webiga SAK-Elga. biyaha iyada oo huruud ah-orange, iyo xeebta xuduud la dhagaxyo crumpled daxalka kiimikada.

magaalooyinka kale

Dad badan oo arrimaha deegaanka waa magaaladii Ozersk, more hufan, urur-soo-saarka ay "Mayak", oo soo saarta qaybaha hubka nuclear iyo amarka reer binu kaydinta shidaalka nuclear. Asalka shucaaca in celcelis ahaan magaalada ee Russia, si kastaba ha ahaatee, a timaada qashinka waqti dheer webiga Techa u adeegeen, oo aad u adeegtaan il cindiga maanta boqolaal qof.

Xaaladda kacsan ee magaalada Korkino iyo tuulada of Rose. Halkan sunta hawada joojin sigaar ah. Waa maxay xiiso leh, khubarada maxalliga ah ayaa ku baaqay in xaaladda hadda jirta khatar ma aha, oo loo qoondeeyay in qiiqa ka benzpyrene aan ka badnayn MPC, iyo khabiiro ka Moscow, kuwaas oo qaatay cabbirka, Korkino aqoonsan yahay aagga musiibada.

Ha siin intiisa kale masuuliyiinta iyo dhibaatooyinka deegaanka ee gobolka magaalada Chebarkul Chabrovsk ah. shirkadaha waaweyn yar yar yihiin. Ka mid ah dhirta, kuwaas oo shlakoblochnogo, wiish iyo dhirta bulukeeti plywood. By xaaladda dhawrista allifey oo keentay warshad this gaar ah, waxaa loo isticmaalaa in geedi socodka formaldehyde. Marka gubasho ama kaydinta formaldehyde saarka qashinka galaa hawada, ciidda iyo biyaha. Qiyaasaha ayaa muujiyay in qadar ka badan midda ugu badnaan la ogolaan karo in dhawr jeer.

shucaaca

Waxa walaac gaar ah oo ku saabsan arrinta ee shucaaca ee gobolka Chabrovsk waa Production Association "Mayak", oo ku yaalla, mar kale, in Ozersk. In ganay this istiraatiiji ah ka 1950 si sano 2000-th diiwaan 32 xaaladaha degdegga ah, taas oo u adeegi jireen sida koror weyn oo shucaac soo jeeda. Long, oo dhan hadhaaga qashinka nukliyarka ku jirto isotopes of strontium, cesium, plutonium, zirconium, tuuro webiga Techa, kaas oo sababay soo-gaadhista joogta ah oo dhan ku nool qararkiisa. Guud ahaan, in ka badan 50 sano oo qaliin (ilaa 2000) "Mayak" diray hawada oo ka mid ah la waraabiyay 1.8 becquerels qaybaha shucaaca, wasakheysa 25,000 km2. biyo wasakh ah uusan ku dhicin webiga, waxaa la dhisay tiro ka mid ah degayaasha, loo yaqaan Cascades. Laakiinse iyagu ma ay buuxiya xamuulka ay sabab u tahay qalad in design ah. Intaa waxaa dheer, weli xanbaarsan yahay khatarta of East Ural raad shucaaca, kaas oo la sameeyay ka dib markii shil ka dhacay "Mayak", kaas oo ka dhacay 1957. Markaas, ay sabab u tahay qarax mid ka mid ah aaso dhulka hoostiisa ee shucaaca sii daayo hawada ka badan 20 milyan oo curies of isotopes shucaaca, kuwaas oo la galay by dabaysha jihada of Tyumen. Dadka ku lug daruur aagga caymiska, dib u dejin, hantidooda burburiyey iyo abuuray Reserve East-Ural ee goobta sumaysan. Weli waxaa jira wax aan macquul aheyn in la qaado likaha iyo nooca berry, kalluumaysiga, xoolaha daaqa, xitaa socda.

qashinka guriga

Wasaaradda Degaanka ee Gobolka Chabrovsk ah waxa uu la hadlayaa oo dhan dhibaatooyinkan. Laakiin magaalada ugu weyn ee Gobolka Chabrovsk waa meel kale oo weyn oo wasakhaynta - bulaacadahooda. Xalka ugu fiicnayn in dhibaatadan waa dhismaha dhirta daaweyn qashinka. In Chabrovsk iyaga weli. Dhamaan qashinka si maalinle ah, laga bilaabo 1949, oo lagu daadiyo dhul yar, oo ku yaalla magaalada. Haddaba waxaa meel ka mid ah oo ku saabsan 80 km2, oo sarajooggeeduna wuxuu buurta qashinka ee in ka badan 40 mitir ah. Of kulli shuqulkii lataliyayaashiisii kaliya sameeyay si loo baabi'iyo isha sida weyn ee wasakhda. Guddoomiyaha gobolka ayaa miisaaniyadda federaalka ayaa loo qoondeeyey 1 billion rubles in la baabi'iyo qubka ee Chabrovsk, iyo sidoo kale in la hagaajiyo xaaladda ka jirta, Karabash ku Chebarkul, iyo tiro ka mid ah meelaha kale ee gobolka.