David Livingstone: Biography, safarka iyo helitaanka. Taasi furay David Livingstone ee Africa?

Mid ka mid ah ku safra ugu caansan, kuwaas oo qayb liiska cilmi juquraafi lama quudhsan karin - David Livingstone. Waan ka furay enthusiast ah? Sheekada oo uu naftiisa iyo guulaha kuwa ku sharaxan this article.

Carruurnimada iyo qaangaarka

discoverer weyn Future ku dhashay March 19, 1813 ee tuulada Blantyre dhow Glasgow (Scotland). Qoyskiisa waxay ahayd mid liidata, aabbihiis iibin on shaaha jidka, iyo wiilkan waxa uu leeyahay 10-sano lahaa si ay u tagaan in ay ka shaqeeyaan ayaa dhagax wax dhar maxaliga ah. On uu jeegaaga ugu horeysay, David Livingstone, kuwaas oo Biography waxaa lagu tilmaamay in maqaalka, iibsaday buugga naxwaha Latin. In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in uu si adag u shaqeeyey laga bilaabo 6 subaxnimo ilaa 8 fiidnimo, wuxuu helay waqti Tutor. Oo markaas wiil oo dhan waxay bilaabeen inay dugsiga habeenkii, halkaas oo uu ka bartay ma aha oo kaliya, laakiin sidoo kale Latin Greek, xisaabta iyo fiqiga tagaan. Wiil wuxuu ahaa mid aad u jeclaan of reading, Gabayaana waxaa gaar ahaan classical in asalka ah, non-khayaali iyo description safarka.

Sidee gool ee Meyeydaan

At da'da 19, David Livingstone dallacsiiyey. Tani qariyo koror ah mushaaraadka, oo uu wax ka barato jaamacad caafimaad loo isticmaalo. 2 sano ka dib, wuxuu helay uu doctorate. Wakhtigan Church Ingiriisi ahaa dacaayad firfircoon si ay u soo jiitaan dad mutadawiciin ah, waayo, shaqo adeegayaasha ah. Permeated la fikrad this, David weyn uu bartay fiqiga, iyo in 1838 laga amray wadaad, iyo ka codsatey xubin ka Society Missionary ee London. Isla mar ahaantaana, wadaad dhalinyarada iyo dhakhtarka la kulmay adeeggiisa a Robert Moffat, shaqada ee Africa, wuxuuna ugu baaqay Livingston si loo eego qaarada madow.

Laga bilaabo jidka weyn ee Meyeydaan

Dhamaadkii 1840 socotada 27-sano jir ah ka dhoofnay doonni ah in Africa. On jidka, ma uusan dhumin waqti, hanashada xigmadda navigation iyo barashada sida loo ogaado isku dhibco dhulka.

Man degay Cape Town (South Africa Coast) March 14, 1841. Iyadoo ay go'aansadeen in ay si fiican loogu diyaar garoobo kiiska naftiisa oo dhan, David Livingstone dhex aborigines ee ku noolaa iyo bartay afkooda iyo caadooyinka. Lix bilood gudahood, uu ku hadlay si fiican ula wuxuushta, in uu yahay mid aad u faa'iido leh in mustaqbalka in la dhiso xiriir la qabiilooyinka kala duwan ee u dhaqaaqin gudaha.

Laakiinse Daa'uud ma uu weli fadhiisan. Waxa uu si tartiib tartiib ah, laakiin weeraryahanka ayaa dhaqdhaqaaqayay, gelida muddo qabiilkii soo socda, is ogyahay caadooyinka cusub, samaynta entries blog. By xagaaga 1842. Livingston adkaaday qayb weyn oo Desert Kalahari ah. Ilaa hadda ma uusan iman in xitaa hal European ah.

salka ay howlgalka u gaar ah. Diririna libaax

In 1843, Livingstone aasaasay howlgalka in Mobotse, wacdiyaya injiilka oo ka mid ah dadka deegaanka oo si tartiib ah u durki doonaa xagga woqooyi. Aborigines iska adeegayaasha ah si ixtiraam leh, naxariis, iyo arkaya qayb uun ka mid ah. Wuxuu doondoono iyaga difaacay ka weeraradii ee gumeysiga ku kiiyoo baxeen Portugal oo kale galay addoonsiga, dulqaadanaya dhibaatooyin oo dhan nolosha adag ee Utah Afrika.

In 1944, David Livingstone, Africa, waayo, taas oo uu noqday guriga dhab ah, ka badbaaday quudhin daran. Ugaarsadaan xubnaha qabiilka, lagu weeraray by libaax weyn iyo mucjisooyin ka badbaaday. Bahalkii uu gacanta bidix ka qarxay meelo dhowr ah, oo keenaya adeegayaasha ah ee nolosha ka hadhay curyaamiyay. Oo isna wuxuu lahaa in ay bartaan sida loo qaban qori on garabkiisa bidix oo ujeedadoodu tahay isha bidix. In xasuusta dhacdo in laga cabsado ayuu garbaha raad 11 ilko libaax. Oo barbariyiintii waxay bilaabeen inay soo wac ninka cad Leo Weyn.

Guurka. mission beddelashada

In 1845, David Livingstone guursaday Mary - maleegay gabadhii safarka, inuu Robert oo lugteedii. Xaaska socda ninkeeda in ololaha ka, resignedly la wadaago oo dhan dhibaatada of guutadii, oo waxay isagii u dhashay afartiisii wiil.

By waqtiga guurka, nin dhallinyaro ah oo lagu daray si xor ah kula barbariyiintiina riyaaqay kalsoonidooda, sidaasi darteed waxa uu go'aansaday inuu u dhaqaaqo howlgalka xeebta Kolobeng River. Waxay, oo ay weheliso naagtiisa degay bakvenov qabaa'ilka. Livingston waa saaxiibtinimada aad u dhow la leh hogaamiyaha Sechele ah, kuwaas oo si lama filaan ah soo qaaday qalbiga cilmiga Christian. Waxa uu isku raacay in la baabtiiso, diidnay Umaad jaahilka iyo qolooyinka reer dumarkoodiiba ku soo laabtay, ka tago isaga mid keliya. Waxay ahayd iyo guusha, iyo waqti isku mid ah tartan weyn ee socotada Yurub. Qabiilka ayaa waxaa ku qanacsanayn isbedel aan caadi ahayn sida, dhacdooyinka murugo beegantay abaar daran, oo ku qasabtay adeegayaasha ah iyo xaaskiisa oo dhan inuu ka tago shaqada iyo guurto sii galay Kalahari Desert, taas oo barbariyiintiina lagu magacaabaa dalkii reer haraad weyn.

daahfurka ee Lake Ngami

Intaa waxaa dheer in shaqo adeegayaasha, inkastoo ay adag tahay oo dhan, ha iloobin oo ku saabsan shaqada cilmi of David Livingstone ah. Furitaanka wuxuu u sameeyey intii lagu sahamo dheer, dhaqaaqin si tartiib tartiib ah xagga koonfureed iyo ilaa xagga woqooyi ee guud ahaan qaaradda.

June 1, 1849 socotada geesi la naagtii, carruurta iyo dhowr saaxiibbadiis u safray dhex Kalahari u River Zambezi, goobta saxda ah ee meesha qarniyadii dhexe oo lagu maamuusay on map-ka ee South Africa. Livingstone ayaa waxaa ka go'an in ay muujinayaan booska saxda ah ee webiga, si ay u sahamiyaan oo ay sariirta, in la helo ilaha iyo afka.

jidka dheer si ay u qaadato ilaa iyo inta 30 maalmood, waxay ahayd daal iyo aad u culus, gaar ahaan Mary carruurta leh. Marka safra iman webiga, farxaddooda ahayd buu u ballaadhan yahay. waxay waxaa la kulmay qabiilooyinka bakalahari iyo Wills, kuwaas oo qaatay shisheeyayaasha hospitably buuxsameen sahayda iyo bixiyo wehelin. Socdaalba sii safrayeen ilaa webiga, iyo August 1, 1949 tageen inay Lake Ngami, ilaa haatan lama yaqaan in kasta oo Yurub.

Waayo, daahfurka this, David Livingstone waxaa la guddoonsiiyey billada dahabka ee Society ee Royal dhuleed oo helay abaalmarinta ah lacag caddaan ah oo waaweyn.

oo dhan adventures xubnaha duulaan ka dib ku soo laabtay howlgalka on Kolobeng si ammaan ah.

Dilolo Lake Victoria iyo Falls

In 1852, Livingstone naagtiisii iyo wiilashiisii ee Scotland diray, oo wuxuu xamaasad cusub ee wadnaha ee qaaradda Black hoos dhiga guuray: ". Furi doonaa Africa ama halligmi"

Intii lagu guda jiray safarka, 1853-1854 GG. dooxada webiga Zambezi, addoommo ay la baaray. Munaasabadan ayaa waxaa ugu muhiimsan ee duulaan ku ahaa daahfurka gudubno Dilolo ee 1854, kaas oo adeegayaasha ah ee ka Society ee dhuleed helay biladda kale oo dahab ah.

David Livingstone hore u sii wadeen safarka ku lug helo wadada raaxo leh ku yaal xagga bari inay Badweynta Hindiya. In xilliga dayrta ee 1855 ciidan yar oo mar kale u dhaqaaqay hoos River Zambezi ah. Dhowr usbuuc ka dib, on November 17, indhaha dadka safarka ah ka hor muuqday sawir cajiib ah, biyo-dhac ah oo qurux badan 120 mitir sare iyo 1800 mitir oo ballaaran. Aborigines u wac "Mosi wa Tunya", kaas oo micnihiisu yahay "biyo sanqadh". Tani waxay ifafaale dabiiciga wayn David magacaabay Victoria sharaf ah Queen of England. Maanta, biyo-dhac ku yahay taallo u geesi Scottish sahamisa ee Africa.

Dhalidda ee Badweynta Hindiya. Ahkhiro

Sii Study of Zambezi ah, adeegayaasha ah ee ay soo jiidatay in ay gacanta waqooyiga iyo isaga ku socday oo uu afka webiga, oo gaarey xeebta Badweynta Hindiya. May 20, 1856 ayaa la dhameeyey kala guurka ah waaweynaa ee qaaradda Afrika ka Atlantic si Badweynta Hindiya.

Horeba December 9, 1856 UK dib maado daacad ah Queen, David Livingstone. Waxaa ka furmay Africa, taas socotada daalin iyo adeegayaasha? All adventures iyo daahfurtay in juquraafi , ayuu qoray buug ee 1857. Royalties ka publisher si ay u bixiyaan wanaagsan caruurtiisa iyo xaaskiisa ha. David Daadiyey abaalmarino iyo koobab, uu la siiyey dhagaystayaal la Korolevoy Viktoriey, oo uu macalin kasoo noqday Cambridge, ayuu dhallinyarada degaanka u soo jeestay la call in ay ergooyinka iyo dagaalka ka dhanka ah ka ganacsiga addoonta.

safarka labaad ee Africa

On March 1, 1858 on July 23, 1864 David Livingstone qaatay safarka labaad ee Africa, taas oo si wadajir ah isaga la joogayaa naagtiisa, walaalkiis, iyo ina dhexe tegey.

Inta lagu guda jiro duulaan ku, Livingstone sii waxbarasho oo ka mid ah Zambezi iyo addoommo ay. September 16, 1859, uu furay Lake Nyasa, ayaa sheegay in wadataa of webiyada Shire iyo Ruvuma. Intii lagu guda jiray safarka, dukaanka weyn ee indhaynta sayniska ayaa la soo ururiyay ee beeraha sida cilmi barasho dhir, cilmi barasho xayawaan, ecology, cilmi dhul, ethnography.

Duulaan khibrad faraxsan oo ikhtiraac cusub marka laga reebo keenay murugo Livingstone 2: April 27, 1862 ka duumada naagtiisa ku dhintay, wax yar ka dib, David news dhimashada wiilka ugu weynaa helay.

Ka dib markii soo laabtay adeegayaasha guriga iyadoo lala kaashanayo walaalkiis xagaagii 1864 si ay u qoraan buug kale oo ku saabsan Africa.

safarkii saddexaad ee ay qaarada Black

On January 28, 1866 on May 1, 1873 sahamisa caanka dhigay safarkii saddexaad iyo finalka inay qaaradda. Waxyaha ugu deel of Central Africa, waxaa soo gaadhay degaanka ee Harooyinka Waaweyn, cilmi Tanganyika, Lualaba River, Boogaadin isha Niil. Jidka, wuxuu ku sameeyey laba kaliya furitaanka-profile sare, November 8, 1867 - Lake Mweru, iyo July 18, 1868 - Lake Bangweulu.

dhibaatooyin safarka daalan caafimaadka siedmeho Livingstona, oo si lama filaan ah uu noqday qandhada dengue xanuunsan. Tani waxay isagii ku qasabtay in ay ku noqdaan xerada si ay tuulada Ujiji. Waayo, daallan oo baaraha cadaabi November 10, 1871 si lama filaan ah u yimid si ay uga caawiyaan in qofka of Genri Stena, lagu rakibay baxay in search of a wargeyska adeegayaasha Christian "New York, Harold." Stan keenay dawooyin iyo cunto, sidaa darteed David Livingstone, Biography gaaban kaas oo lagu qeexay maqaalka, tegey gobalada dalka. Waxa uu dhawaan dib u bilaabay waxbarashada uu, laakiin, nasiib darro, aan muddo dheer.

May 1, 1873, ku dhintay adeegayaasha Christian ah, dagaalka ka dhanka ah ka ganacsiga addoonta, sahamisa caanka ah ee Koonfur Afrika, discoverer ee qaababka badan juqraafi David Livingstone. Qalbigiisa ku jiray sanduuqa waxa daasadda ah oo ka soo hoos barbariyiintiina bur sharaf lagu aasay mvula Chitambo geed weyn oo hoos. jirka qasacadeysan gurigiisii u diray, iyo April 18, 1874tii lagu aasay Westminster Abbey.