Cathedral St. Andrew ee, St. Petersburg: description, taariikhda, sifooyinka iyo xaqiiqooyinka oo xiiso leh

Mid ka mid ah kaniisadaha ugu da'da weyn ee dalkeenna - Cathedral ee St. Andrew, iyo Cathedral St. Andrew ee. St. Petersburg waxa lagu qurxiyey macbudka qadiimiga ah, taas oo ah ma aha oo kaliya qiimaha weyn naqshadda, laakiin sidoo kale meesha ugu wada quduusan qadarin shirka, taariikhda oo dib u dhaco si Peter I.

Fikradda ah dhismaha katedraalka

Ilaa qarnigii hore 18, St. Petersburg ahaa xarunta maamulka ee Bakayle Island, laakiin 20 jirka ah, Peter aan u kaxeeyeen on Vasilevsky qorshaysan oo halkan dhismaha cathedral ah oo lagu sharfayo Andreya Pervozvannogo. Peter aan isaga loo tixgeliyaa sida ay sokoeye iyo arkay mustaqbalka hore ee macbudka Kulliyadaha iyo Tobanka. Waxa uu sidoo kale codsaday in la abuuro mashruuc baaxad weyn oo ah, sida uu sheegay oo macbudka ku eegay sida dulmar ee Basilica Roman ee St. Peter odhanayo oo ahaa muddo dheer ugu yaraan 130 mitir. naqshada Swedish Tessin fog, oo aan booqanaya Russia, dhigay sawir kiniisadda mustaqbalka, iyo on-site matalaad ah-up la abuuray by sawiro uu. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dhimashada gooyo ee 1725 ganaax hirgelinta mashruuca, ma jidaynayey isaga si nolosha arki at Cathedral St. Andrew ee.

St. Petersburg, wakiil dadka deegaanka ay weydiisatay dhismaha macbudka, iyo shirka, xitaa dhawr jeer socday ee ay ka dhigan tahay. Laakiin horta dhagax la dhigay kaliya ee 1732. Later, iyana way kortay baxay Cathedral Andrew yaqaan ee St. Petersburg.

History of dhismaha

Ka dib markii Butros dhimashada xaq halkaas oo uu ka doonayay, isgoyska of Avenue Grand iyo khadadka 6aad ee 1728 ayaa waxaa loo qoondeeyay goobta dhismaha.

Kaniisadda alwaax, ka dhisay ineey loogu talagalay by Trezzini, waxaa ka go'an in ay Andreyu Pervozvannomu ee 1732. Anna Ioannovna kiniisadda lacag horumar deeqay, iyo kiniisadda oo duqoobay ee dejinta Posadskaya dhaqaaqay iconostasis cusub. macbudka hortiisu waxay ahayd in loo isticmaalo oo ay ku jiraan for dabaal Knights of Order ee St. Andrew.

In kasta oo qoyska reer boqor buux iyo diiwaangelinta saboolnimada macbudka qadarin, ka qayb galay adeega halkan iyo sidoo kale tirooyinka badan oo caan ah waqtiga, sida Lomonosov iyo Trediakovskii qaaday dhaartii macbudka sida professor ka mid ah Academy of Sciences.

Markaasaa Ananiyas tegey kiniisadda horta dhagax

kaniisadda ayaa saamayn weyn nolosha diinta ee magaalada, laakiin ma lahayn qaab ku habboon, size, xataa kulaylku. In 1740 ee soo socota kaniisadda jirkaan bilaabay dhismaha kaniisadda dhagax ku habboon. In 1745, waxaa la dhisay isla muddadaas helay xaaladda cathedral ah. Mashruucu wuxuu kaniisadda cusub ku kacay la Trezzini weyn isku dhan, iyo iconostasis iyo qurxinta kale waxaa lagu soo wareejiyay kaniisadda guriga, Prince Menshikov.

In 1761, inta lagu guda jiro onkod ah, hoos ku gubay dhisme duug ah alwaax. Wasiirada oo kali ah u suurtagashay in ay badbaadin iconostasis ah, iyo 3 sano in ay meel amar of Elizabeth ka dib bilaabay inuu wax dhiso cathedral cusub. Waxa uu hadda yahay ku Vasilevsky Island, si kastaba ha ahaatee, laga helay ay qaab final ilaa dhammaadkii qarnigii 18aad.

Mashruuca cusub ee lagu uuraysan by dhise A. ku Vista. Dhismaha bilaabeen in 1746, oo kaliya ka dib markii 15 sano Cathedral St. Andrew ayaa lagu soo dhamaystay St. Petersburg. Dhismaha ahaa mid dheer oo adag, waxaa dhibayay la fashilaad, in 1766 qubbad burburtay, ka dib markii taas naqshada la xiray oo la baaro xaaladaha dhacdada muddo dheer. Laakiin March 21, 1780 kaniisad cusub waxaa quduus ka dhigay, oo wuxuu bilaabay inuu qaato parishioners.

Cathedral St. Andrew ee St. Petersburg ee qarnigii 19aad

Emaraadka ee Emperor Paul waxaan, cathedral noqday xarunta diimeed oo ka mid ah Knights of Andreya Amarka Pervozvannogo oo lagu ladhay a Bas-gargaarka la image amarka this.

In mustaqbalka, cathedral ka sii waday in ay qurxiyaan oo dhamaystiran dhismaha. In 1880, cibaadaysiga ah la dhisay, oo muddo 4 sano ka hor in - munaaraddii jalaska. Waxay ahayd 10 dawanno. ugu weyn, Sunday, miisaamay 285 pounds oo waxaa si gaar ah loogu tuuray xagga dhirta Samgin ee Moscow.

Intaa waxaa dheer, ka hor dhamaadka qarnigii macbudkii waxaa ku lifaaqan chapels oo qubbad daboolay caleen dahab ah oo ku saabsan deeqaha baayacmushtariyadii. Isbedelka la sameeyey iyo gudaha katedraalka - daray oo updated rinjiyeynta qotontay. macbudka aasaasay kulaylku, balaariyay iyo meesha allabariga dhiso, oo iconostasis kordhay.

In qeybtii labaad ee dhismaha qarnigii 19aad lagu daro hawlaha ugu muhiimsan ee ku jira hoy iyo caawisay masaakiinta.

qarnigii 20aad ee taariikhda Cathedral St. Andrew ee

Qarnigii 20aad, waayo, noocyo kala duwan oo taxadiri diinta waa qarnigii of xun. Kacdoonkii of Bolsheviks iyo 1917 kacaanka ayaa halis galisay ammaanka dadka kiniisadaha Ruush badan, iyo kaniisadaha. Cathedral St. Andrew ayaa nasiib yar oo dheeraad ah, waxaa lagu baabbi'in, iyo hawshii adeegayaashiisa u suurtagashay in ay badbaadin qayb ka mid ah hantida iyo qiyamka dhac cas.

wax badan oo qiimo leh, sida weelasha birta qaaliga ah, Injiil qadiimiga ah, walxood mushaaraadka u keen lacag ah oo 7 pounds of birta qaaliga ah, ka dhigay in 1861 by dahabluhu Verkhovtseva caanka ah, iyo in ka badan ayaa lagu qabtay by Bolsheviks ah.

Si loo fuliyo mashruuca dhismaha kaguuraya Dumin cibaadaysiga iyo xayndaabka dhismaha. dawan badan laga saaray iyo dhalaalay hoos u 10 sano ka dib markii kacaanka, laakiin nolosha diinta ee Cathedral ee ma aysan joogsan, way qabsadeen koox ka mid ah wax-u renovators cibaadalaawe iyo hogaaminayo Archpriest Platonov. In macbudka ayay ku jireen adeegga, taageerayaasha ciidammada oo qayb ka mid ah iconostasis ku soo celiyay, laakiin 1938, ee sheekh iyo xubnaha ugu firfircoon ayaa la qabtay oo toogasho lagu xukumay ama marka la eego muddo dheer. Cathedral waxaa ugu dhaqsaha badan ka tageen oo markii dambe loo isticmaalaa sida bakhaar, oo iconostasis tosheen la plywood, oo iskutallaabaha saaro. Dhab ahaantii, dhismaha joojiyeen in allabaryo la yaqaan Cathedral St. Andrew ee.

St. Petersburg, markaas Leningrad, guuldarro daran intii lagu jiray Dagaalkii Patriotic weyn iyo go'doominta. Sidoo kale waxay door weyn ka ciyaartay in taariikhda macbudka. Rakiban dhismaha difaaca hawada ayaa loogu talagalay si ay u muujiyaan weerarada cirka ee cadowga, kaas oo si xun u dhaawacay saqafka iyo Aamino, sida bambooyinka ku jeexjeexi reebtay dhammaan daaqadaha. Oo dhaawici soo gaaray iconostasis iyo arrimaha gudaha. Laakiin macbudka joogsaday, iyo qaar ka mid ah ay tahay muuqashada gaar ah la hadhay.

Ka dib markii dagaalka, Cathedral ee St. Andrew ee St. Petersburg, by hay'adaha kala duwan ee dowladda maray. Waxay ahaayeen sannadihii kala duwan loo leeyahay ee Navy, ee Academy of Sciences iyo Institute of Ethnography. Isla mar ahaantaana waxaa la cusboonaysiiyey iyo soo celiyay, laakiin qiimaha dhaqanka iyo taariikheed ee ma aha daryeel gaar ah, sidaas oo kaliya rinji rinji ka badan rinjiyeynta gaar ah ee Xamar.

In dabayaaqadii 80-mada ay Metropolitan Alexy, kuwaas oo markii dambe noqday Wadaad of All Russia, waxa uu bilaabay shaqo on laabtay cathedral si Kaniisadda. Oo haddana wuxuu la diiday ay sabab u tahay xaqiiqda ah in la dhiso a collection of museum anthropological waxaa ku yaal, kuwaas oo aan lahayn meel ay u guuraan lahaa. Iyadoo ay taasi jirto, Alex siiyey kaniisadda loo baahan yahay maacuunta kaniisadda, iyo in 1989 ugu horeysay ee tobanaan adeega salaadda ah ayaa halkan lagu qabtay.

Cathedral Andreya Pervozvannogo

St. Petersburg - magaalada waqooyi ee Russia - waxa uu ku faanaa in ay dhaxal ahaan naqshadda. Mid ka mid ah qiimaha gaarka ah waa Cathedral ee Andreya Pervozvannogo. Waxaan sii wadi doonaa sheeko ee ay taariikhda.

In 1990, qayb ka mid ah cathedral ah, oo ay ku jiraan meesha allabariga, waxaa habase yeeshee wareejiyay kaniisadda. Shan sano ka dib uu la wadaago qol leh Golaha Wasiirada ka mid ah curiosities. Isla mar ahaantaana waxaa ka dhacay adeegga iyo kaydiyaa hadhaagii aadanaha wareejiyay sayniska. Marka matxafka waxaa uu aasaas si buuxda u soo bixiyey, kiniisadda bedelay, iskutallaabtiisana ee golaha iyo sameeyey dayactir weyn dhanxanagga.

In 1998, nolosha adag ahayd dhacdo weyn - guuradii 300aad ee Order ee St. Andrew, abaalmarinta ugu sarraysa ahaa dib-u-aasaasay by Madaxweynaha iyo mid ka mid ah marka hore ay Cavaliers noqday Alexiy II, soo celinta calaamadsan bilowgii Cathedral ee Church St. Andrew ee.

In 2000, waxay bilaabeen dib u soo celinta oo ka mid ah goobta cibaadaysiga iyo xayndaabka kiniisadda, oo wuxuu ka dhigay dib u soo celinta dhamaystiran parishioners iyo hab loo qoondeeyey by gobolka. Later dhaqaaqay ah cathedral iyo Mala'igtu ee St. Andrew.

qiimaha Architectural

Cathedral ee St. Andrew waa taallo gaar ah naqshadda, loogu talagalay in style a isku qasan oo leh sifooyinka of classicism iyo baroque, taas oo caan ku kakanaanta gaar ah iyo plasticity foomamka. Markaasaa macbudkii waxaa uu leeyahay shan domes - mid ka mid weyn iyo afar cupolas yar, kuwaas oo ay weheliso cibaadaysiga refectory hal dabaq ah.

dhismaha laftiisa waa mid aad u xarrago leh, ee dhameeya by qubbad sare iyo goobta cibaadaysiga ah elongated. Dhamaystir u muuqaal u eg ka munaarad ku wareegsan Xamar, daaqadaha dheer semicircular qaabka iyo pilasters on Aamino. Tani macbudka 45-mitir muddo dheer a-sare sare xukuma jasiiradda Vasilyevsky, maanta waa guryaha dabaqyada ah xoogaa la qariyaa. Sidoo kale cathedral xarrago siinayaa tolnimo casaan ka muuqanaysa.

collection of walxood

kibirka weyn iyo mucjiso gaarka ah ee Cathedral St. Andrew ayaa waxa uu yahay saddex nooc ah 17-meter xardhay iconostasis sharraxnaan jirtay. Waxa uu mucjisooyin ku badbaaday laga bilaabo wakhtiga dhismaha, isagoo ku kacaan, dagaal, go'doominta, burbur iyo isticmaalka kiniisadda ujeedooyin kale.

iconostasis waxaa lagu hayaa ee walxood oo ah in lagu soo wareejiyay xaafadda Menshikov inta lagu guda jiro dhismaha macbudka. Tusaale ahaan, iyaga dhex yiil, images of tudhay Nikolaya Chudotvortsa iyo Aleksandra Nevskogo. Laakiin icon ugu qiimaha badan - Andreya Pervozvannogo la Mala'igtu ee weli ka. All oo dhan, macbudka 44 walxood.

xaqiiqooyinka Interesting ku saabsan Cathedral St. Andrew ee (Saint Petersburg)

Cathedral jecel yahay in ay booqdaan qoyska boqortooyada, waxaa xitaa ahayd meel gaarka ah ee gooyo.

Sida ay legend, waqtiyada marka cathedral ahaa xataa kaniisadda alwaax, marka waxay ahayd xabaalo a yar oo qabuurihii Prince Dolgoruky iyo Princess Dolgoruky, aroosadda ee Peter II.

Waayo, decoration iyo horumarinta dhismaha cusub macbudka ka qaaday lacagtii ma aha oo kaliya ka khasnaddii iyo deeqaha u tageen inay isku mid ah iyo ganaax lagu soo rogay amarka kala duwan oo ka mid ah Knights of Order ee aan dhigan dabaal ah.

Mid ka mid ah qiyamka kiniisadda - khamiis 115-mina oo lacag ah, iyo sidoo kale Ehelka Injiil wuxuu ku qadiimiga ah ee jir lacag ah. qiyamka ayaa la sheegay inay kala wareegeen by Bolsheviks ka dib markii kacaanka, laakiin nasiib wanaag ku soo laabtay katedraalka.

St. Petersburg waa hagaagsan kuwa kibirka leh waxaa ka mid ah sida calaamad u ah iimaanka iyo daahirinteeda, oo allabari ugu bixinaynaa dadka ayaa loo ilaalin macbudka, waayo, adigaa ah adkaade falsane.