Cathedral Square ee Kremlin Moscow ee: qorshaha, jaantuska, sharaxaad, taariikhda, iyo sawiro. Meeday Cathedral Square?

Cathedral Square ee Kremlin Moscow ee - a taallo naqshadda gaarka ah ee taariikhiga ah. muddada ugu weyn ee formation of galidoonaan wayn - qarnigii XV-XVI.

Sida ay u dhan bilaabay

Xoojinta boos dhaqaale ee kibir Moscow ee keentay in bilowgii dhismaha kiniisadaha weyn iyo cathedrals. Duke Dmitrii Donskoy iyo Ivan Kalyta amar ku bixiyay in la dhiso macbudyo, kuwaas oo loo aqoonsaday in qaab-dhismeedka mustaqbalka iyo baaxaddaba Halabuurka aagga khariidad. Nasiib darro, dhismayaasha asalka aan la sii raagayaan. Inta lagu guda jiro boqortooyada Ivan III in meel ka mid ah waxaa la dhisay macbudyo cusub, kuwo istaahila in magaalada weyn ee gobolka Ruush.

Waayo, Dhismaha

Laga soo bilaabo bilowga ugu horreeya ee ay tahay muuqashada Square Cathedral ee Kremlin Moscow ayaa loo isticmaalaa xafladaha, adag qaadan. Ugu aroosyada boqortooyada coronations iyo wakhtigii ka mid ah ciidaha diiniga weyn ee dhulkeeda lagu qabtay tallaabo buuxo. Dhig balbalada weji duwan Chamber waxaa loogu tala galay in ay soo dhaweyn safiirada shisheeye. Meesha gudbay israac ee aaska meeshii magangalka dambeeyey ee aynu ka soo farcannay, metropolitans, boqorro iyo ugaasyadii grand.

Cathedral Square ee Moscow ee qarniyo siddeed iyo sagaal iyo tobnaad, oo aan mar waddo sibidhka ah dhagax ah sandstone sameeyey. A dhowr sano oo qarnigii labaatanaad waxa uu ahaa laami ah. Inta lagu guda jiro dib u dhiska ee 1955 aagga dib u dabaq dhagaxa.

Waxyaabaha aan ka badbaaday

galidoonaan ee Square Cathedral ee Kremlin Moscow ayaa si joogta ah loo bedelay. Asal ahaan ka taagay hareeraha wareega ah ee dhismaha geedka. Mid ka mid ah iyaga ka mid ah u suurtagashay in ay u noolaadaan caasimada joogtada ah ee dabka, dadka kale si fudud u yaraaday, markaas oo ay meesha ka taagay kuwo cusub. Ku dhawaad ah macbudyo oo dhan, hadda taagan Square Cathedral ah, lahaa ka horreeyay. The ugu caansan ka mid ah waxyaabaha hadda jira - Church dhigaalka khamiiska, shaqaalaha mucjiso Temple Solovetsky, Mikaa'iil Cathedral, Annunciation iyo male ah, Wadaad ee Palace hore.

Waxaa jiray dhismayaasha in waa la wada baabbi'iyey ama si xun u burburay by cadowga. Sidaas waxa uu ahaa inta lagu jiro waqtiga Great of rabshado (sannadka 1612) iyo duulaankii ee Napoleon (1812). Tusaale ahaan, markii ciidamada Faransiiska ayaa ka baxayeen magaalada, waxaa la baabbi'iyey by a Annex Filaret gaar ah inuu noobiyad jalaska Ivana Velikogo. Masiirka isla sugayay belfry saddex-taako ku dhow. Ma wada ilaaliyo, oo kiniisadda Ioanna Lestvichnika. Waxaa la taagay xitaa amarka of Ivan dalkaasi ee 1329. Dhismaha ahaa qaab octagonal la meelaheeda dedan ee dawanno, oo ku yaalla dabaqa labaad. Its fududahay in la fahmo in qarnigii shan iyo tobnaad oo leh ujeedo ee nadiifinta dhulka dhismaha munaaradda dawan oo lagu sharfayo Ivana Velikogo ah.

muuqaalka naqshadda dhismaha ee kaniisadaha la beddelo habka ah in waqtiga loo baahan yahay. Qaar ka mid ah goobaha lagu daro cutub cusub, Biyac iyo xubno kale.

Maqaallo style naqshadda

Cathedral ee Moscow Kremlin Square ee (photo soo bandhigay in this article) ayaa muuqaalada qaar ka mid caadi ah oo ka mid ah dugsiyada naqshadda oo ka mid ah madax-Vladimir Suzdal iyo Pskov. Masters ka mid ah labada xarumood ee naqshadaha dhagax Ruush, in dhismaha kaniisadaha iyo cathedrals casuumay waxaa kaliya ma loo hogaansamey hababka classical, laakiin sidoo kale keentaa cusub. Tusaale ahaan, geeddi-socodka dhismaha kaniisadda Rizopolozhensky markii ugu horeysay ka dhigay dhulka hoostiisa sare. dugsiga Pskov ayaa saamayn wayn ku decoration ee guriyo. Sidaas daraaddeed, macbudyo badan oo aad ka arki kartaa kaabad ah, suunka ornamental on fuusto domes beguntsy, version saddex-wada dagan ee Aamino dhamaystiran. Sida dugsiga Vladimir-Suzdal, saamaynta ay ugu cad cad in design ah ee Cathedral male ah (daaqadaha cusubi cidhiidhi ah iyo suunka on apse ah).

style cusub

Iyadoo uu sal u ereygu wuxuu ahaa ee sifooyinka aad u fiican oo ka mid ah laba dugsi oo naqshadda dhismaha ee muhiimadda gobolka qarnigii shan iyo tobnaad, waxaa jiray style rannemoskovskogo naqshadaha dhagax dabeecad u, taasi oo markii dambe noqotay All-Ruush. Waxaa is khilaafeen meelaha dedan corbel guushu on Aamino, koror by dhexe whorls dunmiiqa iyo meelaheedii dednaaba podpruzhnymi. Xaaladdan oo kale, durbaanka dhexe ee Xamar ayaa si cad u wareegeen aagga bari ee mugga dhismaha.

isbeddellada Overseas

Waayo, halka a Cathedral Square ee Kremlin Moscow la aasaasay sarkhaansan yihiin naqshadaha daran ee Renaissance Talyaani ah. In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in injineero shisheeye casuumay ayaa isku dayay inuu ku soo shirtagi in fursadaha dhaqanka dhismaha dhismayaasha dhagaxa ah ee Russia, decoration ah guriyo oo dhismayaasha qaarkood ah (Cathedral ee Mikaa'iil, Chamber weji ah iyo kuwa kale) loo qoondeeyey xubno ka caadiga ah ee dhismayaasha Fiorentine. iyaga ka mid ah, design of furan yahay suuqa kala, iyo daf, iyo sidoo kale isku sharrixi. Tusaale ahaan, Bon Fryazin markii ugu horeysay ee Russia codsatay screed biraha ee geedi socodka dhismaha. Ka dibna, this element muuqda Fudud hortagi burburkii munaaraddii jalaska Ivana Velikogo marka aad isku daydo in ay qarxiyaan ee 1812

A yar oo ku saabsan injineero ah

Nasiib darro, in dukumentiyada of qarnigii shan iyo tobnaad, mana jiraan dad badan oo ka mid ah magacyada kuwa, mahad kan muuqday Square Cathedral ee Kremlin Moscow ee. taariikhda ayaa ku sheeg Krivtsov iyo Myshkin - wastaadyo artisanal Head ka Pskov, ku hawlan kacsiga ee Church Annunciation iyo kaniisadda Rizopolozhensky.

La'aan injineero u gaar ah xirfad Moscow bilaabay inuu ku yeedhi ajnabiga. Mid ka mid ah dadka wadanka ugu horeeya ee khubaro Talyaani - Aristotle Fioravanti. Waxa uu hogaaminayo geeddi-socodka dhismaha Cathedral male ah. kacsiga ee caanka ah Palace ee ku saabsan oo ku hawlan Marko Fryazin Pierre Antonio Solari. Bilowga ee qarnigii lix, dhismaha Cathedral male ah madax Aleviz cusub.

The ugu dahsoon oo ka mid ah sayidkooda Talyaani yeedhay Bona Fryazino. About naftiisa iyo shaqada, waxaa gebi ahaanba waa wax macluumaad ah. Wuxuu kormeeraa nidaamka dhismaha labada heerarka koowaad ee belfry ku Ivana Velikogo ah. Tani waxay ka dhaceen sanadihii la soo 1505-1508. Maxkamaddan ayuu sii Petroc Yar - sidoo kale Talyaani. Wuxuu ka shaqeeyey on goobaha dhismaha ee Kremlin ay toddoba iyo toban sannadood (n1522), uu xirfad weyn iyo xaaladda Xaqiijiyay horyaalka Architecton. Aqoonsiga noocan oo kale ah ku faani karta Talyaani oo kaliya laba - Solari iyo New Aleviz.

casriga

Sida Cathedral Square ee Moscow hadda u muuqataa Kremlin? Wadista galidoonaan, dabcan, waxaad fartaan Wannaagga muddo. Muhiimsan, taariikhyahanadu, restorers iyo khubaro kale soo shaqeeyay dhowr sano ee la soo celiyo fiirin gaar ah si ay uga taxadiri dhaqan iyo taariikheed badan. Currently, mashruuca u fiican oo qarniyo XV-XVI, u muuqataa hor visitors maxfalka oo dhan ay ammaan. Ka fiirso qaar ka mid ah xubno si faahfaahsan.

Cathedral ee Annunciation ah

Cathedral ee Moscow Kremlin Square ee (qorshaha qayb-galbeed waxay ka tarjumaysaa) lagu yaqaan Cathedral, dhisay by sayid Pskov ee 1484-1489. Tan iyo waagii boqornimadii Ivan III iyo bilowgii qarnigii toddoba iyo Cathedral Annunciation ahaa kaniisadda guriga boqorradii dalka Russia ka. macbudka, kaas oo la caleemo saaray shan domes sharraxnaan jirtay - halabuurka ah habboonaanta in style dugsiga naqshadda rannemoskovskogo. waxaa Inside aad u bogi karaa tusaalayaasha dhif ah rinjiyeynta diinta ee qarnigii lix. foomka adag The picturesque muujinayaa fikradda ah howlgalka of Church Orthodox ee Russia bedelka toos ah Empire Byzantine ah.

Cathedral ee Mikaa'iil

Waqtigan xaadirka ah, dhismahan adeegtaa sida xabaal taliyayaashii badan Ruush. Waxaa ku yaalla qaybta koonfur-bari ee square dhexe. On muuqaalka madaxtooyada macbudka waxaa si aad u saameeyay mabaadi'da dugsiga Talyaani ee naqshadda dhismaha ee Renaissance ah. cathedral Updated la qotomiyey on goobta ayaa si ba'an u saameeyeen duufaanka kiniisadda Arhangela Mihaila (da'da dhismaha - afar iyo toban). Dhismaha wada noolaanshaha qummanaado galidoonaan ee Kremlin.

weji duwan Chamber

qaab-dhismeedka waxaa loogu talagalay iidaha maxkamadda iyo xafladaha. Waxaa la dhisay in muddada u dhaxaysa 1487 by 1491 Talyaani injineero Solari iyo Ruffo kormeero dhismaha. Samaynta daaqadaha si wadajir ah iyo qalab lagu dalooliyo bariga tolnimo weji duwan masaasad yihiin natiijada saameyna ku leh naqshadaha Talyaani. In qarnigii toddoba iyo darbiyada House qudhiisu rinji Ushakov.

Ivan Bell Weyn

dhismaha bannaanka waxaa loogu tala galay in ay calaamad u xoogga Russia. Muddo dheer, munaaraddii dawan ahaa dhismaha ugu dheer magaalada iyo waxa uu door muhiim ah sida watch-munaaradaha weyn ee Kremlin. Waxa uu noqday bartilmaameed ah ee dhismaha ka mid ah tiir-kaniisadaha gobolka oo dhan.

malo Cathedral

Kanu waa kaniisadda Orthodox weyn ee Russia. Waxaa la dhisay on nooc ka mid ah cathedral ee Vladimir. Years of dhismaha - 1475-1479. At qubbad dhexe iskutallaabta ku sharraxnaan jirtay waxaa la dhajinta at height ah shan iyo afartan mitir. derbiyada macbudka gudihiisa waxay wada guursadeen boqortooyada taliyayaasha Ruush iyo salaan darajo hierarchs Orthodox. Maanta, waxaa jira dad badan oo ka mid ah aynu ka soo farcannay iyo metropolitans ee dalka lagu aasay. hall dhexe Bright rinji boqol sayidyadooda ka mid ah farsamada.

Sidee in ay halkaas ka heli?

Meeday Cathedral Square? galidoonaan gaar ah waxaa ku taal dalka reer Kremlin Moscow ee. Waxaa suurto gal ah in la wado baska № 6 ama №№ tarooli 1, 33 (Jooji tago "aagga Borovitskaya"), iyo sidoo kale on dhulka hoostiisa (Stations "Alexander Garden" ah, "Borovitskaya", "Arbatskaja", "iyaga Library. Lenin ").

gunaanad

Cathedral ee Moscow Kremlin Square ee (map galidoonaan la soo bandhigay maqaal ah) - mashruuc han. Intii uu shan boqol story ayay si joogta ah u noqday meel dhacdooyinka taariikhiga kuweyn ayaa fool.