Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic: territory, calanka, jaakad hubka, taariikhda

Byelorussian - a Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, mid ka mid ah 16 Jamhuuriyadda hore ee USSR. Ka dib burburkii Midowga Soofiyeeti, Socialist Soviet Jamhuuriyadda Byelorussian noqday BSSR ee Belarus. Caasimadda ah waa magaaladii Minsk, taas oo mid ka mid ah magaalooyinka ugu waaweyn uguna dadku ku badan yihiin ee Midowga Soofiyeeti ahaa. Intaas waxaa sii dheer, in BSSR ah waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in ay doortaan gobollada 6, 117 oo ku nool miyiga, 98 magaalooyinka iyo degaannada magaalooyinka 111.

Muddo dheer jiraye Socialist Soviet Jamhuuriyadda Byelorussian. Calanka ayaa lagu soo bandhigay in fursadaha kala duwan ee ay taariikhda. fursadaha Kuwani waxaa lagu soo bandhigay in maqaalka.

Waxa xiiso leh, marka waxaa jiray Socialist Soviet Jamhuuriyadda Byelorussian, jubbadda hubka ahaa ku dhowaad beddelin.

Taariikhda waxbarashada

Inta u dhaxaysa dalalka sida Poland, buurayn Lithuanian ah, Latvia buurayn, RSFSR ah, sii buurayn ee Yukreeniyaan ah, Socialist Soviet Jamhuuriyadda Byelorussian waxaa la aasaasay ka dib markii kacaanka. Dalka wuxuu lahaa qiyaastii 207 600 km ^2. Asal ahaan waxaa iska lahaa RSFSR iyo buurayn Byelorussian noqday Jamhuuriyad xor ah in laba sano oo kaliya. Isla markii kala sii buurayn ee Byelorussian ee la midowday Soviet Jamhuuriyadda Lithuanian oo la asaasay Lithuanian-Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, ama, sida waxa loo yaqaan, sii buurayn ee LitBel, laakiin kaliya hal sano iyo bar ah. Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic ee 1919 waxay ahayd in qayb ka mid xaqiiqda dalka ka weyn. Lithuanian-Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic ka koobnaa laba. Moscow-Litovsk Treaty, kaas oo lagu saxiixay on July 12, 1920, wuxuu ahaa la Fidneeyey ah burburkii LitBel USSR. Oo July 31 Lithuanian-Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic waxaa gebi ahaanba la jebiyey. Sayidka, buurayn ee Byelorussian waxaa la abuuray 1919, ka dibna qayb ka mid ah urur weyn u noqday, ka dib, ka 1920 ilaa 1991, waxaa jirtay in xaaladda hore oo noqday dal madax-bannaan.

sifooyinka dhaqaalaha

In 1980, 4.3 billion rubles ee horumarka ah ee warshadaha, beeraha iyo kaabayaasha ayaa maal buurayn ee Byelorussian. The laamood ugu horumariyo ganacsiga gobolka oo la odhan karaa kiimikada, kiimikada iyo cuntada warshadaha. koboc dhaqaale oo degdeg ah (1940 in 1980) waxaa lagu fuliyaa at kharashka maalgelinta raasamaalka culus oo shaqada ka mid ah dadka Belarus. Dadka ku noolaa dalka dagaalka ka dib, magaaladii dhistay, kuwaas oo qaar badan la odhan karaa in ay la dhisay ka xoq, abaabulo ka-soo-saarka iyo soo saarista macdanta. In sida ugu badan ee kororka 29-laab mugga ee wax soo saarka ee sano oo kaliya 40. Shiidaalka BSSR iyo Republic of Belarus ku Arzaaqay oo hubiyaa by kaydka ah badan ee gaaska dabiiciga ah, saliid, dhuxusha iyo Peat. kayd Rich ee macdanta ayaa sidoo kale la soo saaray oo ku qalabaysan maalgelinta gargaarka Soviet. Dhererka tareenka ee BSSR ahaa sida ugu badan 5513 km in 1982, iyo baabuurta wadada - 36 700 km.

dadka

Byelorussian sii buurayn ee ahaa mid ka mid ah ugu dadku ku badan yihiin qaybo ka mid ah Midowga Soofiyeeti, 1984 mugga dadweynaha waxay ahayd 47.6 dadka per 1 km ^2. dejinta Lebis Jamhuuriyadda waxaa sabab u ah xad siman xaaladaha dabiiciga ah dhulkeeda oo dhan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xarunta ugu dadka dalka waxay ahayd in goobta loo saarin karaa magaalooyinka halkan waa weyn, oo ay ku jiraan Minsk. In muddo ah ka soo 1950kii si 1970, dadka reer magaalka ah waxaa ka dhaqso badan celceliska ee USSR sii kordhaya.

Nature Byelorussian

Republic waa on East Bannaankii Yurub, ka dadbaya dhexe ee berkedda weysada Dnieper iyo Dvina galbeedka iyo Neman in qeybaha sare. nooca dega dusha guri. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, meesha waxa lagu gartaa iskhilaafka buuro iyo dhulka, taasoo ka dhigaysa badiba badan, marka lagu daro, tiro badan oo ah harooyinka ku yaal soohdinta reer BSSR ah. glaciation Quaternary dhigaysa habkaani ee gargaarka. On qayb ka mid ah waqooyi-galbeed ee gobolka waa nidaam dhan oo tiixtiix moraine terminal. In waqooyi-bari waa hills.

gargaarka

In jihada ka soo galbeed iyo bari in Belorussian hore kala xigtaa Belarus, oo ka kooban qaybo gaar ah, sarreeya sameeyay glaciation Moscow ee. Isku midka ah waxaa ka jira bannaanka periglacial. Belarus Polesie, oo ku yaalla koonfurta ee gobolka, loo yaqaan kiiska gaar ah Caraabaah. Hills iyo tiixtiix sidoo kale u dhaqmaan ee koonfurta, oo u dhow Polesie Belarus.

cimilada

BSSR ahaa ee aagga qoraxda, kaas waxaa soo socota in cimilada ayuu iska dhawraa. heerkulka January - oo ku saabsan -4 ° C, laakiin ay sabab u tahay oo dhererkiisu weyn waqooyi ilaa koonfur, qiimaha this kala duwanaan karaan. Celceliska July heerkulka - oo ku saabsan 17 ° C, laakiin sabab la mid ah, qiimaha laga yaabaa in aanay sax ah in gabi ahaanba dhammaan meelaha dalka. cimilada uu yahay qaaradda, taas oo macnaheedu yahay in roobab waa yar - 550-700 mm.

webiga

Byelorussian sii buurayn ee waxay ahayd tiro badan oo ah Wabiyaal, labada waaweyn ee masaafada yar iyo weynba. Dhererka guud waxaa loo arkaa qiimo ah 90 600 km. Kulligood waxay ka tirsan tahay weysada Atlantic ah, kuwaas oo ku Black iyo Baltic Badaha. Wabiyaal Qaar ka mid ah waxaa loo isticmaalaa gaadiidka. BSSR aad buu hodan u kaynta, taas oo mashquulin 1/3 dhulka, daaqsinka, meelaheeda dhoobada iyo ku xoortay geedihii ku yaal soohdinta reer 1/10 ahaa.

territory Belorussian ma ahaa qarkii ah saxan Bariga Yurub, iyo halkan hawshu seismological ma noqon karaan kuwo xoog badan, dhulgariirkii ugu awooda badan ka yar tahay 5 dhibcood.

Khayraadka dabiiciga ah BSSR

The macdanta ugu muhiimsan, kaas oo hadda ku yaal soohdinta reer Belarus ee u tiro badan, oo la odhan karaa gaas, saliid, dhuxusha iyo cusbada kala duwan.

Saliidda iyo gaaska waa meel aad buu hodan u woqooyi ee berkeddii Pripyat ah. feature A ee kala duwan ee kayd shidaal ah - waa weyn, iyo meesha uu layers ay. gaaska dabiiciga ah ma aha joogo in tiro badan, oo sidaas daraaddeed mar soo saaray.

dhuxusha Brown iyo Shale

Sidoo kale kaydka weyn ee dhuxusha brown laga helay gayiga sii buurayn ee Byelorussian. Peat ka wakiil yahay 39 noocyada. Wuxuu ka mid ahaa shidaalka ugu weyn ee Belarus waa. In alla intii 7,000 dhuxusha, kuwaas oo guud ahaan deegaanka waa qiyaastii 2.5 million hektar, si fudud looma isticmaali karo. Total Peat - 1.1 bilyan oo metrik, run ahaantii waa kaydka hodan.

Intaa waxaa dheer, BSSR wuxuu bilaabay inuu soo saaro Shale saliid, oo waxaa lagu abaabulaa sida Haseyeeshee odhan, at qoto dheer ah 600 m. The kaydka weyn ee Shale sida ballaaran loo isticmaalaa sida shidaalka.

cusbada

Potassium iyo cusbo dhagax weyn yihiin macdanta iyo feedstock kiimikada. Layers Power -. 1-40 m Waxay dhici hoos dhagaxyada carbonate-dhoobo. Kaydka potash mldr uu leeyahay oo ku saabsan 7.8 m. Waxay ahaayeen bixiyay dhinacyo kala duwan, sida Starobinsk iyo Petrikovsk. cusbo Stone wakiil mldr 20 m, waxay gaadaan at qoto dheer oo ilaa 750 mitir. iyaga saaro at beeraha sida Davydov iyo Mozyr. Intaa waxaa dheer, BSSR ahaa hodan ku phosphorite.

dhagaxyada Construction

Dalka of Belarus ayaa sidoo kale waxa uu leeyahay Xoolo ah dhismaha iyo jeeda kaydka dhagax, nuurad lahayn, dhoobo iyo ciid dhismaha. Kaydka dhismaha dhagax - oo ku saabsan 457 milyan oo cubic mitir ^3, soo food - oo ku saabsan 4.6 milyan oo cubic mitir ^3. Inta badan ay hodan ku yihiin dhismaha dhagax meelaha koonfurta of Belarus. Dolomites, ayaa dhanka kale, u yimid inuu dusha sare ee waqooyiga. kaydka ah - oo ku saabsan 437,8 milyan oo tan oo BSSR ahaa dhagaxyada hodan iyo jeeso, juunyeerka kuwaas oo maanta account qiyaastii 3,679 bilyan oo tan oo noocyo kala duwan oo maadado matalayo gayiga Belarus ee kaydka ah 587 million m ^3, waxay ku yaalaan inta badan ee Minsk, Grodono .. , gobollada Gomel iyo Vitebsk.

Horumarinta khayraadka macdanta

On dhulka buurayn Byelorussian ah, sida la sheegay, waxaan si firfircoon miino macdanta. Horumarkooda bilaabay 30 000 sanno oo kale ka hor inta lagu guda jiro xilli danbe Paleolithic ah. Waqtigaas, dadka kuwaas oo ku noolaa dhulka this, miino dhagaxmadow oo dhulka. About 4.5 milyan oo sano ka hor, waxaa horey u ahaa horumariyo kalluumeysiga kremnedobyvayuschy. Waxaan helay tiro badan oo ah miinooyinka ayaa la sheegay in dib loo isticmaalo muddada Cretaceous. Waxay si qoto dheer ma aha in ka badan 6 mitir, laakiin marka la eego wakhtiga ay dhacdo, waxa la malaysan karo in wax soo saarka ee dhagaxmadow oo ahaa heer sare ka mid ah dadka degan meelahaas horumariyo. Waxa sidoo kale jira dhowr nooc oo fallaadhihii, ku xiran by guurka, sida caadiga ah ilaa 5.

horumarinta ee wax soo saarka

The miino qadiimiga cirbadaha laga helay, kuwaasi oo ay loogu talagalay bacaha tolidda loo baahan yahay si gaadiid macdanta miino. wax warshadaha dhow ka tago. Flint loo adeegsaday saaridda of faasas. Horeba BC ee qarnigii shanaad macdanta bilaabay biraha, kuwaas oo dadkii ku noolaa dhulka reer Belarus, abuurista waxyaabaha nolosha iyo hub. Intaa waxaa dheer, dhoobo waxaa laga sameeyey suxuunta baahida kala duwan. Horeba qarnigii 16aad waxay bilaabeen inay u muuqdaan galaasyada, iyo in 18-ka muuqday ugu horeysay ee meesha la sameeyay.

fiirsato of Peat

saaridda Peat in sii buurayn ee Byelorussian noqday laan madax bannaan ee warshadaha. Buugaag ayaa si tartiib ah kor u kacay ay sabab u tahay isticmaalka sii kordhaya. Waxa muuqday shirkadaha Peat in Taliyuhu waaxda. Laakiin inta lagu guda jiro dagaalkii labaad ee adduunka, ku dhowaad dhammaan iyaga ka mid ah waxaa lagu halligay. Kaliya by 1949 mugga Peat bixiyay gaadhay qiimaha hore.

saaridda cusbada

Sida hore u soo sheegnay, potash iyo dhagaxii weynaa cusbadii dhulka of Belarus ku jira tiro badan. Laakiin kaliya ee 1961, waxay bilaabeen in ay macdanta firfircoon. Habka dhulka hoostiisa la isticmaalay ee kayd macdanta. The ugu qanisan iyaga ka mid ah - Starobin. mechanization ee inta badan ka fiirsato keentay koror mugga ee cusbada by 60% in 1965 sano iyo 98% in 1980.

ilaalinta geyi-

The Byelorussian sii buurayn ee macdanta si firfircoon miino, waa ay fududahay in qiyaasayaa in ay si adag waxaa saameeya deegaanka. meelaha baaxad weyn ayaa aad u saamaysay. Sidaa darteed, hawlaha madadaalada lagu qabtay loogu talagalay kobcinta khayraadka macdanta iyo dib u soo celinta khayraadka, sida bacriminta ciidda, iyo geedo la beero.

takhasuska waxbarashada waaxda warshadaha

Belorussian Polytechnic Institute, dib u sii buurayn ee Byelorussian sameeyay, isku diyaarinaya in ay ka shaqeeyaan shaqaalaha warshadaha macdanta. Waxaa la aasaasay Minsk ee 1933. Horeba 1969 waxaa jiray in alla intii 12 waaxyada. Waxaa kaloo jira machadyada kale ee waxbarasho. dugsiyada farsamada ay hadda bixiyaan waxbarasho ku saabsan horumarinta kayd Peat, processing dhulka hoostiisa ah senti iyo macdan non-macdan iyo warshadaha kale.

Arena hor imaad

In 1920, buurayn ee Byelorussian, mid la odhan karo, waxay ahayd xarunta of mucaaradka in ay hogaamin jireen Europe iyo USSR. Xisbiga Last hayn lahaa awoodda Poland, danaha Midowga Soofiyeeti ee matalo wafdi of RSFSR ah. Go'aanka waxaa loo sameeyey ma ay guushu ku sii buurayn ee Byelorussian. Regulation ma siiyo suurtogalnimada of ballaarinta Belarus kharash ku Poland.

Hantiwadaagnimadu Byelorussian ahaayeen faraxsanayn meesha uu xuduudaha la dariska, kuwaas oo la RSFSR iyo Poland. Waxay rumaysan yahay in ay tahay wax aan macquul aheyn in la dhigay xuduudaha on khadadka kaladuwan. Midnimada ma ahaa gayiga dhibaatooyinka.

War Great Patriotic

Inta lagu guda jiro WWII BSSR iyo USSR dheeraad ah soo gaaray ka badan qaybaha kale ee Midowga Soofiyeeti. In buurayn ee Byelorussian, ay ku dhinteen in ka badan 2 milyan oo qof, iyo dalka ay ku saabsan 380 kun dhoofiyo. Tirada dadka dagaalka ka hor ku noolaa, ayaa lagu gaarey kaliya ee 1971. The duulay Nazi halaagnay 209 magaalooyinka iyo tuulooyinka, kuwaas oo qaar badan lahaa in dib loo dhiso, 2.8 milyan oo kaliya mitir murabac oo guryaha ayaa ka badbaaday ka dhowaad 10.8.

madaxbannaanida iyo xiiso leh xaqiiqooyinka

Sannadkii 1990 ayuu saxiixay Declaration of State xukunka sii buurayn ee Byelorussian ah, taas oo loogu tala galay xaylkeeda dhaw. September 19, 1991 waxa uu noqday mid si rasmi ah loo yaqaan Republic of Belarus. Isla sanadkaas waxaa la abuuray oo heshiis ku saabsan abuurka ah CIS saxiixay. ururka waxaa ka mid ah Federation Ruushka, Ukraine iyo Belarus. Dhab ahaantii xiiso leh oo ku saabsan taariikhda gobolka tan la odhan karaa waa in sida ugu badan 46 sano of this Jamhuuriyadda, iyo sidoo kale Socialist Yukreeniyaan Soofiyeeti Republic, wuxuu ahaa mid ka mid ah xubno ka mid ah Qaramada Midoobay (United Nations), inkastoo ay gobolka ku tiirsan - Byelorussian. In 1920-1930 sano ee horumarinta dastuurka waxaa ka dhacaya dalka.