Boris Chertok, a Soviet iyo Ruush saynisyahan-naqshadeeye: Biography, qoraallada

Qarnigii labaatanaad, Russia ayaa sameeyay Galaxy ah oo dhan aqoonyahano, techies cajiib ah, kuwaas oo qayb Fatxi ee caalamka aan la overemphasized karo. Waxaa la rumeysan yahay in cilmiga-naqshadeeye Boris Evseevich Chertok qaadataa meel gaar ah iyaga ka mid ah. steel qaaska ah design "Quluubtooda" gantaalo gaar ah oo uu - hababka maaraynta. dareenka badan uu siiyo Aayaadka horumarinta iyo satellite.

Bedelay sagaalaad iyo labaatan ee ugu horeysay ee

Waxa uu ku dhashay sanadkii 1912, muddo dheer ka hor Revolution October ee Chertok dhawaan ku dhintay, (in 2011). Live dhow a qarnigii iyo sii noolaadaan maanka dhaqaaqin - waxaa qiimo leh waxaa! "Waxaan u baahanahay in ay ka shaqeeyaan ilaa iyo inta ay suurtagal tahay faa'iido u ah bulshada - taasi waa waxa qarsoon," - ayaa sheegay in Chertok. Boris Evseevich Biography oo bilaabay in Lodz (maanta Poland, sida horay u yaal dalalka oo ah Empire Ruush ah), dunidan u imid of sagaalaad iyo labaatan of February galay. Samaynta awowayaashiin caddayn ayaa sheegay in marka hore ee March.

1914 - waqti marka qulqulka qaxootiga ka soo cararaya jahli in qaadeen dagaalkii koowaad ee aduunka. Carar ka Muuqaallo laga cabsado oo ka mid ah Battle of Lodz iska, siday ee hubka iyada ina dhalinyaro ah, waalidka u maleeyay of hal wax oo keliya, sida si ay u noolaadaan. Years ka dib, wiilka uu noqonayaa ah academician, hanad runtan. Magaca Hero of Socialist Labour, haysta abaalmarinta badan oo ka mid ma aha oo kaliya liiska "The Best samaynta diyaarad Ruush," laakiin qiimeynta adduunka ee beeraha meel sahamiyayaal.

Xamaasad farsamo Chertok baxday dugsiga. Devyatiletki uu ka qalin jabiyay 1929. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sanad ka hor ee majaladda "Radio oo dhan" yimid horumarinta koowaad ee wiil Soviet fudud (radio tube universal).

On habka ay u shahaado dugsi sare ah

In sagaal boqol sannaddii soddon ninkii dhallinyarada ahaa yimaadeen inay ganacsi ee ugu weyn duulimaadyada ee dalka - tirada dhirta 22. MEI ah (Institute Energy) qalin kaliya afartameeyaha la degree ah in injineernimada korontada. By markii ugu hantida cusub ee takhasuska lahaa mid aan patent ku saabsan xal farsamo oo muhiim ah (waxay supersereznye in ay ugu yaraan qaadan ah marsho sii daayo si toos ah, Adoonkana addoon korantada smart).

Trust asxaabteena, "ka hor" shahaadada dugsiga sare. Oo sannaddii shan iyo soddonaad ee mid ka mid kun iyo sagaal boqol iyo ardayda waqti-dhiman tayo leh (ka hor dhamaadka jaamacadda wareegay maalintii) injineerada in KB, halkaas boqor iyo ilaah a ahaa Victor Bolkhovitinov (with 1936 Design Bureau dhaqmeen on meelaha tirada dhirta 84, 1939 - on ganacsi № 293 Khimki).

Halkan Boris Chertok shaqeeyey oo dhan sano oo dagaal, tan iyo sagaal iyo toban afartameeyaha. A record track hodan ku jira macluumaadka soo socda: takhasus u leh in qalabka korontada (Injineer hogaanka), diyaar u ah inuu u soo duuli baabuurta baalal leh oo ka mid ah ugu guulaysannaa mustaqbalka ee North Pole ee (madaxa "pervoprolettsev" ah - Michael Vodopianov) uu yahay iyo gaariga Sigismund Levanevskogo qabsado, halkaas oo geesi sameeyey diyaarad aan joogsan USSR - America.

qaxidda

In Bolhovitinovskom KB Boris Evseevich abuuro mashaariic u gaar ah korontada. Iyada oo ku saleysan iyaga on, Electrotechnical Institute All-Midowga ururiyay noocyo ka mid ah alaabtii ku xiran imtixaan adag. The isbeddellada soo baxaya qalabka loo baahan yahay qarax culus oo ciidamada qalabeysan ee matoorrada diyaaradaha ugu kalsoonaan karo oo matoorrada korontada AC.

Dad badan ayaa la ogaado magaca Academician Claudia Shenfera. Wuxuu madax waaxda mashiinada korantada Electric Institute oo ay taageerayaan ku takhasusay dhallinyarada. Talaabooyinka si ay u hirgeliyaan nidaamka diyaaradaha asalka guusha u yaboohay. Laakiin hillaaca ahaayeen ururinta, dagaalka ka qarxay kusoo duulay ee.

In sagaal iyo afartan ka mid ah, ay shirkadaha difaaca ugu muhiimsan waxaa lagu daad gureeyay in ay gadaal ka. shaqaalaha badan iyo qalabka aasaasiga ah ee tirada geedka 293 NII-1 NCAP ku meel gaar ah deganaa ee gobolka Bilimbai Sverdlovsk. Boris Chertock yeeri intii jidh shaqeeyay heerkulka hawada ah oo laga jaray 50 digrii, a soonka (raashin suubban aan la badbaadiyey).

In guga ee 1945 ee Germany codsi adeeg u soo dirto koox gaar ah saynisyahano. Waxaan u lahaa in ay si tartiib ah u sahamiyaan rocketry ah delicious Jarmal. kooxda ayaa waxaa madax u Chertok. Boris Evseevich si sharaf leh u adeegi jireen howlgalka ka hor labaad ee 1947. Isaga iyo Alexei Mikhailovich Isaev adag shaqeeyay in Thuringia, ciidamada ay gacanta ku awoodaha guul of USSR ah, shirkadda furay "Raven The" ( "Midiidin"). Duniduna waxay ku jiifsatay burbur ah ka dib markii dagaalka, iyo kor u qaadeen xawaaraha ee machadka gantaal ah Soviet-German Shuushan oo Nazi!

Reich Saddexaad in industry gantaal 1944-m sameeyey warshadaha casriga ah. horumarinta cajiib ah aqoonyahaniinta Jarmal riixay sahanka waxqabadka siyaaday ah USSR iyo Maraykanka. Chertock iyo saaxiibtiis ayaa soo saartay qalab u adkaysta, waayo, suuroggalaan walxo shidaal-hawada. search adag hab-uqabso ah. LRE Electric suuroggalaan (dareere ama makiinado ay gantaal kiimiko) ayaa ahayd horumar weyn. Cibaaro soo maray mid ka mid kun iyo sagaal boqol iyo afartan labaad, in la dhiso dhow-dagaalka "B-1" (awowayaashiin abuura - iyo Bereznyak Isaev). Shidaalka loo isticmaalo acid nitric oo la shito.

kulan u jecelnahay

NII-1 horumariyo jihada muhiim ah, fasalka "dhulka-dhulka" nidaamka gacanta lagu gano (Intercontinental ballistic long-range). In 1946, iyadoo ay ku saleysan "Rab" bilowday machadka "Nordhausen" (waxa ay sidoo kale ka mid ahaa "Montana", kaas oo la sii daayay "V-22, oo salka Leestene) Magaca Engineer ah Chief of Company ee danbe bartay caalamka oo dhan - SP. Korolev (naqshadeeye Chief of warshadaha gantaal iyo meel of USSR).

Tan iyo 1946 iyo ilaa 1950, Boris Evseevich marka la isku daro labada shaqo: isna wuxuu ahaa Designer xigeenka Madaxa Sergei Korolev oo madax ka ah waaxda nidaamka maareynta NII-88 Dept. ee Ciidamada Qalabka Sida ee Midowgii Soviet Jamhuuriyadaha Socialist. In 1951 - hababka maaraynta Bureau Head First Design. samaynta diyaarad Ruush caanka Chertok, Korolyov oo si dhow ula shaqeeyay maalinta shukaansi in dhimashada mid ka mid ah (dambaysta ahaa ma in 1966).

Kaalinta labaad ee qofka ugu horeeya

"Wareejin-off" ka NII-88 (1956) waxay ahayd tallaabo loo qaaday dhinaca shirkad madax banaan oo cusub oo lagu magacaabo "tijaabooyin Design Bureau tirada 1". Laga soo bilaabo 1957 in 1963. Boris Chertok - oo gacanta midigta Sergeya Koroleva, oo madax ka ah ururka this gaar ah.

N. D. t. Chertok 1963 dallacsiiyey in qofka marka hore ku xigeenka on shirkadu sayniska. shaqeeyaan oo isku mar uu madax tirada laanta 1, kaas oo ahaa in kasii darto si ay u horumariyaan satalayt iyo Hab kontaroolo ay. dhimashada Queen ka dib noqday madax naqshadeeye Vasily Mishin. Khibrad iyo xigmad Boris Chertok ahaa ku xigeenkiisa, oo lagu daray kormeero adag CDB tijaabooyin Engineering.

Laga soo bilaabo 1974 ilaa 1992. - Chief-ku-xigeenka (ka dib General) constructor adag sayniska-warshadaha "Energy" on hababka gacanta (SPC - hore OKB-1, ka dibna TSBKEM madax ka V. Mishin, in sano kala duwan, Glushko, Semenov).

waa lagama maarmaan

Iyadoo sannad saddexaad hal kun iyo sagaal boqol iyo sagaashan iyo intaan dunidu kale ka tago (2011) xiddiga iman kara "in caalamka dab," Boris Chertok si joogto ah u bixiyaan talo xirfadeed si naqshadeeye guud ee Gantaal iyo Space Corporation "Energia" la odhan jiray ka dib markii S. P. Koroleva (hore - OKB-1 ).

Raadinta tallaabooyinka safar dheer, gabagabo soo jeedinaya qudheedu oo dhan hawlaha cilmiga iyo injineer - waa xaqiijinta qorshaha istiraatijiyadeed loogu talagalay qalabaynta gantaallo iyo pride kabaal gacanta ku sida, taas oo ka dhigi doonaa inay awood u duulimaad dheer.

Dugsigu wuxuu abuuray cilmiga a cajiib ah, weli kuwa kibirka leh waxaa ka mid ah u janjeedha horumarinta jiho cusub sayniska. On waxaa loo xukumo on heerka gaaray by technology meel guriga, waaxana nin. Chertok horumariyo aragti ah tuso dhismayaasha, urur ee wax soo saarka ee geerka shukaanta iyo actuators.

All madax banaan oo midaysan

su'aalaha aasaasiga ah go'aan u shidan yihiin horumarinta dheeraad ah oo ka mid ah aragtida iyo technology ee gantaalada iyo meel drive. Waxa uu noqday suurtagal ah in ay soo saaraan habab adag maxaa yeelay, doonniyihii tabaneeyo muuqday hydraulics leh gacanta digital oo dheeraad ah. Ninkii wuxuu ahaa awoodaan in ay si joogto ah sii joogo meel dibadda ah.

Chertok Boris Evseevich iyo saaxiibtiis horumariyo waxyaabaha aasaasiga ah ee la dhigaayo qalabka goboleedka oo qayb ka ah nidaam midaysan oo gantaalaha Intercontinental. mashruuca ay u weyn sameeyey gantaallo xaqiiqada for bilaawmay payload ah (media).

Si dhow ula aan bilaabeen inay bartaan nidaamyada qaybinta saarka ee failure qalabka farsamada iyo qaab-dhismeedka (aragti isku halaynta). Kolkaasay bilaabeen inay ku caddeeyo sababaha iyo astaamaha dhibaato. boodboodi tayada keentay in muuqaalka kore ee R-7 gantaalaha ballistic Intercontinental. mabaadi'da dheeraad ah kaamil ah oo ku saabsan beddelka of mucjisadan qalabka military.

Xusuuso oo dhan, dhammaan ayaan ku xusuustay,

Sanadkii 1999 uu daabacay buug la daabacay taasoo noqonaysa afar monographs. Tan iyo markaas oo ilaa hadda ay tahay iibiyaha ugu fiican, "encyclopedia Space" kuwaas oo ku riyoonaya in la helo khubaro ka dal oo kala duwan, malaayiin akhristeyaasha caadiga ah. On cover ee badnayn soo bandhigay "." "B. E. Chertok" Rockets iyo Dadka Fikradda waa mid fudud, laakiin ay adag tahay!

Haweenaydii naqshadeeye Catherine Golubkina (1910-2004) shaaca ka qaaday in iyada iyo ninkeeda, kuwaas oo shaqo xirfadiisa sanado badan qarsoon ka hooseeya "lagu tilmaamay," ayuu yiri wiilashii kuwii uu kula soo shaqeeyay dhinac. saynisyahano caan ah ayaa soo saartay gantaal iyo sayniska bannaan, la abuuro laan hore oo aan la garaneyn ee warshadaha.

deggan qarnigii XXI hor yimaadeen xasuus ugu qiimaha badan ee formation of warshadaha. Ka dib markii reading mugga ugu horeysay, waxaa suurto gal ah inaad wax ka barato si faahfaahsan koorsada of sabab xafiiltanka mashquul, saynisyahano Soviet ka gees ah ku takhasusay British iyo American.

In tirada buugga 2 wadahadalo Designer ku saabsan waqtiga kulul oo horreeyey furitaanka pride ah orbiting Earth ee ah idiinna geocentric (satellite aan dabiici ahayn), on duulimaad aaladaha fantastic, weeraryahanka dayaxa, Venus, Mars. Ilaa xad ah bogagga yar baa la huray in taariikhda "East", siday meel fog oo aan la garaneyn u safray, Yuri Gagarin.

fariin farcankiisa

In mugga saddexaad, Boris Chertok sharaxayaa sida nin Soviet waa horyaal ah in abuurista saldhigyada orbital. In West iyo USSR ayaa qoraal articles iyo buugaag badan oo ku saabsan taariikhda dalka barnaamijka meel hantiwadaagga guul. Waxaa jira fikir ah in ay xasuus ah academician Boris Chertok noqday ugu wargelin ah, oo faahfaahsan. Buuga "gantaal iyo ninkii" si joogta daabacay ee dalka iyo dibadda.

In la soo dhaafay, cilmiga allifaadda afaraad waa sheeko xiiso ku saabsan barnaamijka, oo daboolaya muddada u dhaxaysa 1968 ilaa 1974, markii midba midka kale daba socday guusha of Americans daraasadda of satellite dhow dhulka - Moon ah.

Mid ka mid ah sifooyinka lagu garan mugga tani waa sharaxaad faahfaahsan ka soo jeedo ee mashruuca Soviet, oo waxay bilaabeen inay laga hirgeliyo 1970 la dhismaha saldhigga bannaan ee "Salyut" oo dhammaadkeedu wuxuu la a multi-module "Mir" adag (1980).

The cutubyada ugu xusuusta badnaa ee la xiriira masiibada of "Soyuz-11", kaas oo lagu dilay cosmonauts Dobrovolsky, Volkov iyo Patsaev. Buuggu wuxuu ku dhamaanayaa sharaxaad ka mid ah dhamaadka barnaamijka N-1 iyo dhalashada ee ISS "Energia-Buraan" hoos Glushko. Waxay qabsatay aragti male gelin khilaafaadka siyaasadeed, farsamada, iyo shakhsi mar marka barnaamijka meel Soviet joogay ay soo gebogabeeyey ah.

In laba kun iyo sagaal, channel ugu horraysay ee telefishan Ruush abaabulay Ciyaar ka mid ah TV documentary ah Roskosmos "Boris Chertok. Toogtay caalamka. " Nin weyn, haysta abaalmarinta badan, damiirka dhan injineerada ee xilligii casri ah, sida had iyo jeer, waxaa run sheegaysaan, iyada oo aan waxyeelo qof, ma dulleeya, fikirka ku saabsan nolosha iyo waayo-aragnimada. In jir ee la soo dhaafay, uu raaligelin ka saynisyahano yar oo xaqiiqda ah in markuu qarnigiisa aan na badbaadin karin awood weyn - USSR.