Barsakelmes Island Badda Aral ah

Barsakelmes - hore jasiirada labaad ee ugu weyn, iyo haatan - mareenka ee waqooyiga of Sea Aral ka engegay, ee gobolka Kyzylorda ee Kazakhstan. Magaca Barca Kelmes ( "tegi - noqod lahayn"), sida ay legend, ku xiran yahay qaddar naxdinta lahaa dhowr qoys oo ka soo qaaday magan jasiiradda intii lagu jiray dagaalka sokeeye. Gudbinta cidhiidhi ku dhex jiilaalka barafka, qof ayaa ka go'ay dabeylo xeebaha halaagnay buundada barafka. Waxay ku guulaysteen inay u noolaadaan jiilaalka by xayawaanka ugaarsadaan iyo Shimbiraha, faafidda dabka ee saxaul iyo barafka barafka, laakiin xagaaga balliyo meltwater engegeen, oo dhammaan qaxootiga ku dhintay harraad.

Features ee jasiiradda

Baadhitaanka ayaa bilaabay duulaan Barsakelmes Butakova ee 1848. Jasiiradda laftiisa iyo badda Aral on map ah waa la hoos ku arki karaa. Tan iyo markaas, saynisyahano dareentay in qayb ka mid ah ee dalka la beddelo inta ay le'eg tahay. Tan waxa u sabab ah biyaha shoaling xoog leh. Tusaale ahaan, 1960, jasiiradda ahaa 23 km oo dherer ah, in 1980 ka - 30 km, oo gaarey meel ka mid ah 300 sq. km. In 1990, sida kaydka qalajiyo Barsakelmes galay saarney a jeestay, iyo 2009 badda ku wareegsan ayaa engegay, oo wuxuu noqday soohdinta dabiiciga ah ee barriga.

cimilada

Island Barsakelmes Sea Aral maratay waa gobolka cimilada qaaradda. Tani waa caddayn in kala duwanaansha heerkulka xilliyeed iyo qaafiyad waaweyn. Tani piece of dhulka iska leh gobolka Turan ee North-cimilada zone cidlada. The July heerkulka celcelis ahaan - + 25 ° + ... 26 ° C, ugu badnaan - + 42 ° + 44 ° C. ... In February guud ahaan waa ka -10 ° C si -13 ° C. Heerka ugu hooseeya ee heerkulka ayaa lagu go'an ilaa -36 ° C.

xilliga qabow daba dheeraaday (tobanka sano ee hore ee December in tobanka sano ee hore ee March), laakiin waxa lagu gartaa qaboobayaan soo noqnoqda la eber heerkulka. Muddada heerkulka celceliska ka badan 0 °, waxay qaadataa 227-237 maalmood ka March 20/25 in 8/13 November. Cimilada dhaxan-oo lacag la'aan dhigay muddo 173-178 maalmood.

In wakhtiga xagaaga qoyaan yar yahay, maalmood daruurta oo keliya 10% (xilliga qaboobaha - 50%). Spring gaaban tahay, iyo barafka cadu ay si degdeg ah ku milmeen. Roobabka waa yar yahay - 126-128 mm sanadkiiba, iyadoo inta badan waxaa ka mid ah ka dhicin ee xilli qabow. The bilood ugu roobaadka - April iyo October. Joogto qoto dheer cover baraf 10-15 ilaa 40 cm lagu qabtay 80-90 maalmood. qoto dheer lagu keydsho ciidda waa 45 cm. In uu baraf jiilaalka dabaylo xoog badan soo noqnoqda. cimilada qalajiyo Sea dhigay af, celceliska heerkulka xagaaga kacay 2-2,5 ° C, xilliga qaboobaha hoos 1-2 ° C.

Halabuurka The ee ciidda

Island Barsakelmes ilaa 1965 badan biyaha gudaha. Kuwaasu waxay ahaayeen baddii inta badan haro badda, taas oo ku taalla dhinaca galbeedka. berkadood waxay leeyihiin meel tirada guud ee 490 hektar, iyagoo si qoto dheer yahay 1.5-2 mitir. Ciid caadiga ah ee gobolka Badda Aral - cawl-brown, oo ay ku jiraan biyaha cusbada ugu badan iyo takyr-cusbada. qalajiyo Sea keentay in dusha salinity sare ay sabab u tahay socdaalka Dabaylaha cusbo badda.

gargaarka

Island ee badda Aral gargaarka u qaybsan yahay laba qaybood. Midkii kowaad wuxuu u - taagga ah kacsantahay koonfurta leh height ugu badnaan 108 mitir, kii labaadna wuxuu ahaa - dhulka iyo ilaa xagga woqooyi. In waqooyi-galbeed, iyo xagga woqooyi iyo xagga bari ka tuurasha ay ku yaalaan on xeebaha hore. In width ay ka gaaraan laba kiiloomitir galbeed iyo 200-440 m bari.

dadka

Ilaa bilowgii qarnigii XX ah, jasiiradda ahaa Barsakelmes Anfaco, dadka joogto ah ku dul waxaa ka maqnaa. Sharax in uu ahaa mid fudud ku filan. First of dhan, taas waxa u sabab ah goobta iyo cimilada sifooyinka. In 1929-1939 sano on Barsakelmes dhaqmeen ugaarsadaan adag "Soyuzpushnina" ahaayeen guryo ay dubaan, dhexe iyo dariska, hoy muddo reer dabagaalaha dhulka kalluumaysiga. berkadood ku meel gaar ah si ay u ururiyaan biyaha roobka iyo barafka la dhisay ee baahida dadka iyo jasiiradda of xoolaha laga keeno iyo biciidka.

reserve Barsakelmes

In 1939, meesha quduuska ah jasiiradda la aasaasay, mid ka mid ah kuwaas oo hawlaha waa taranka ee noocyada dhif ah oo halis. Back ee 1929, wuxuu keenay saiga Barsakelmes, 1953 - kulan, kaas oo la qorsheeyay in domesticate iyo in ay ka gudbaan fardo in ay soo saaraan baqlo. By bartamihii qarnigii-waxaa la sameeyey cawl muqata, bakaylaha, gofer-sandstone, pheasant iyo digaagduur. Kula iyo cawl ahaayeen waxyaabaha ugu waaweyn ee ilaalinta, laakiin ka dib markii 2009 lo'da lahaa oo ka tagay Jasiiradda kala firdhiyey oo dhan steppe ah. Saiga dhammaadka 1980, wadarta guud ee ahaa 30 qof oo, oo intoodii kalena way labada sabab u ah ugaadhsiga caasiyoobay, ama booli oo noqday yeey, kuwaas oo degay jasiiradda wakhtigaas toogtaan. Ajnabiga, qayb ka mid ah lo'da iyada oo baraf jiilaalka guureen waynaha.

dunida cuntada

Barsakelmes jasiiradda kala duwanaayeen wakiillo gaar ah flora ah. Angiosperms jira 257 nooc oo ka tirsan 172 genera 46 qoysaska. Dadwaynaha goosefoot, kuwaas oo ay jiraan 41 noocyada, oo ay ku jiraan caadi ah in zone saxaul ah oomane madow, salsa Anabasis iyo boyalysh. halophytes herbaceous baahsan, iyo sidoo kale noocyo of quinoa iyo Climacoptera. qoyska waxaa wakiil ka dalagga badan oo wheatgrass cidlada jilicsan oo baal. dacar cirro ahaaday mid ah Asteraceae ah. Cruciferous - 26 noocyada, inta badan deskurenii Sofia iyo Goldbach. Digiraha waa yara naadir ah, laakiin meelaha yar yihiin mararka qaarkood ku badan qudhac ciid, caragana Grandiflora iyo qodax geela. Kuwani shan qoys oo leh 57% oo ka mid ah flora maxaliga ah.

Guud ahaan, dunida geedka iska leh Turan gobolka floristic. Kazakhstan noocyada-gud: baal Turgay, melkokolyuchkovy Kandy quinoa hotooyin, petrosimoniya, noocyada dhowr ah oo madax lehba of dacar: switchgrass, pyatidolchataya, ganaax-dareemay. kayn badan oo ka mid ah buu. Mid ka mid ah isku sharrixi waa Barsakelmes geedihii Asheeraah saxaul cidla ah, oo leh height ah 2.5-3 mitir taagan.

dunida xayawaanka

vertebrates jidhadhka 20 noocyada, iyaga ka mid ah oo kaliya amphibian, cagaaran rah nool agagaarka mid ah balliyada ku meel gaar ah. Waxaa ka mid ah xamaarato agama takyr ugu badan. cottonmouth caadi Pallas, an arrow-mas, ilweynta iyo biibleeya, oo ku nool Anabasis cidlada salsa-seropolynnoy. qorratada bacaad The helay dhakhso ah. noocyada Rare waa coluber iyo amuurka iyo steppe.

Island Barsakelmes kala duwan qani ku ah wakiilada Shimbiraha. avifauna waxay ka kooban tahay oo ku saabsan 211 noocyada shimbiraha, labada xilliga kulaylaha iyo guuray. In zone xeebta mar nested guumaysgeesaleyda carrab la ', cantalyaaga kuweyga, mallard, garganey, duck cirro, shoveler, Stilt, tern Caspian. dhaawac weyn u godka on dhulka xeebaha iyo jasiiradaha ciid, dawaco codsatay. On dabna shelduck ciduna degganayn, dheereeya madow, pleshanka, shimbirtu waxay dhagaxii weynaa, jackdaw, European shinni-cuna, iyo in qaar ka mid ah sano xilliga kulaylaha Haad - Galaydhka saker iyo kestrel.

Naasley by 1990 waxaa jiray 12 nooc: baruurta-iibsatay lacagihii jerboa jerboa yar iyo kii cilin (barbariyiintiina), shrew bicolored, gofer-sandstone (noocyada ganacsi), hamster cirro, dawacada, in Yeeyi Cunto iyo kuwo kale oo la kulmay horaantii Korsak ahaa 1960 burburiyey Dawacooyinku ..

Si Loo soo kobo

taariikhda jasiiradda waa arrin xiiso leh. isaga ku saabsan yihiin halyeeyga. Tani waxay meesha dalkii gaar ah oo dahsoon. Dad badan ayaa ku dooday in markii ugu tagaa dareemo (saacad jasiiradda u dhigantaa in maalmood on waynaha). Waxaa la waayay Markabka weyn in dabaalan galay badda Aral. On map-ka, kaas oo ka kooban la joogo, jasiiradda aan la muujiyay, tan iyo 2009, wuxuu joogsaday si uu u jiro sabab u tahay kor u qalajiyo of badan oo degaanka ah.